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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in human serum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 348 (1994), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: IGF-I ; IGF-II ; IGFBP ; Immunoassay ; Ultrafiltration
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(94)00602-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance in relatives of NIDDM patients: the role of physical fitness and muscle metabolism (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 813-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin resistance ; relatives ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; oral glucose tolerance test ; physical fitness ; forearm blood flow ; muscle metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary First degree relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are often reported to be insulin resistant. To examine the possible role of reduced physical fitness in this condition 21 first degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 22 control subjects without any history of diabetes were examined employing a 150-min hyperinsulinaemic (0.6 mU insulin · kg–1· min–1) euglycaemic clamp combined with the isotope dilution technique (3-3H-glucose, Hot GINF), the forearm technique and indirect calorimetry. During hyperinsulinaemia glucose disposal (Rd) and forearm glucose extraction were significantly diminished in the relatives (p 〈 0.01 and p 〈 0.05), but glucose oxidation and the suppressive effect on hepatic glucose production were normal. Arteriovenous differences across the forearm of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate, alanine and glycerol as well as the increments in forearm blood flow during hyperinsulinaemia were similar in the two groups. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was lower in the relatives than in the control subjects (36.8 ± 1.9 vs 42.1 ± 2.0 ml · kg–1· min–1; p = 0.03). There was a highly significant correlation between Rd and VO2 max in both relatives and control subjects (r = 0.68 and 0.66, respectively; both p 〈 0.001). Comparison of the linear regression analyses of insulin-stimulated Rd on VO2 max in the two groups showed no significant differences between the slopes (0.10 ± 0.03 vs 0.09 ± 0.02) or the intercepts. In stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with insulin-stimulated Rd as the dependent variable VO2 max significantly determined the level of Rd (p 〈 0.01), whereas forearm blood flow and anthropometric data did not. In conclusion, the insulin resistance in healthy first degree relatives of patients with NIDDM is associated with a diminished physical work capacity. Whether, this finding is ascribable to environmental or genetic factors (e. g. differences in muscle fibre types, capillary density etc) remains to be determined. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 813–822]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050515
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of muscle glycogen synthase activity and non-oxidative glucose disposal during hypoglycaemia in normal man (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypoglycaemia ; counter-regulation ; glucose disposal ; muscle glycogen synthase activity ; glucose mass effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of muscle glycogen synthase activity in the reduction of glucose uptake during hypoglycaemia. Six healthy young men were examined twice; during 120 min of hyperinsulinaemic (1.5 mU · kg−1 · min−1) euglycaemia followed by: 1) 240 min of graded hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose nadir 2.8 mmol/l) or 2) 240 min of euglycaemia. At 350–360 min a muscle biopsy was taken and indirect calorimetry was performed at 210–240 and 330–350 min. Hypoglycaemia was associated with markedly increased levels of adrenaline, growth hormone and glucagon and also with less hyperinsulinaemia. During hypoglycaemia the fractional velocity for glycogen synthase was markedly reduced; from 29.8±2.3 to 6.4±0.9%, p〈0.05. Total glucose disposal was decreased during hypoglycaemia (5.58±0.55 vs 11.01±0.75 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (euglycaemia); p〈0.05); this was primarily due to a reduction of non-oxidative glucose disposal (2.43±0.41 vs 7.15±0.7 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (euglycaemia); p〈0.05), whereas oxidative glucose disposal was only suppressed to a minor degree. In conclusion hypoglycaemia virtually abolishes the effect of insulin on muscle glycogen synthase activity. This is in keeping with the finding of a marked reduction of non-oxidative glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403967
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased levels of circulating free insulin-like growth factors in patients with non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords NICTH ; free IGF-I ; free IGF-II ; IGFBPs ; total IGF-I ; total IGF-II.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH) is characterised by severe and recurrent fasting hypoglycaemia, and is usually caused by secretion of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) by the tumour. This induces secondary changes in the circulating levels of insulin, growth hormone (GH), and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), resulting in an increased insulin-like hypoglycaemic activity of IGF-II. A participating role of IGF-I is not established. We measured serum levels of free IGF-I and free IGF-II, total IGF-I, total IGF-II, big IGF-II and IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in patients with NICTH before (n = 14) and after surgical removal of the tumour (n = 3). A control group (n = 20) was included for comparison. In NICTH patients, free IGF-II was 20-fold increased (26.8 ± 8.1 [mean ± SEM] vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 μg/l), and free IGF-I was four fold increased (2.8 ± 0.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 μg/l), as compared to control subjects (p 〈 0.0001). In accordance with earlier observations levels of total IGF-I, total IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were decreased, whereas IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were increased in NICTH (all p-values 〈 0.05). The highly elevated levels of free IGF-I and free IGF-II most likely imply a considerable hypoglycaemic insulin-like activity, and may, by negative feedback explain the marked suppression of the GH/IGF-I axis observed in NICTH. Finally, free IGF-II seems to be a powerful biochemical marker in the diagnosis of NICTH. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 589–594]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050951
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