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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric Aerobiological Survey of Conidial Fungi in the North-East Netherlands (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to obtain actual data about the qualitative and quantitative occurrence of airborne fungi in The Netherlands, a viable-volumetric sample survey with the Andersen sampler was undertaken. From April 1981 to the end of June 1983, one day a week samples were taken on the unobstructed rooftop of a hospital in the N-E Netherlands. An average of 268 Colony Forming Units (CFU), per sample, per cubic metre of air were found. Almost three-quarters of the total catch consisted of seven genera, Cladosporium predominating. Botrytis showed in surprisingly high numbers when compared with other surveys, while Alternaria occurred in very low concentrations. Most atmospheric airborne spora were found between May and September. Aspergillus and Penicillium prevailed in the autumn and winter months, although were present the year-round. Momentary weather conditions seemed less important for the overall spore picture than the average meteorological characteristics for a whole season. The obtained aero-mycological information may be useful in determining clinical strategies for skin testing and serological investigations in patients with suspected mould allergies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00213.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late bronchial obstructive reaction to experimental inhalation of house dust extract (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 2 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to confirm the high incidence of the ‘late’ bronchial reaction after house dust inhalation and to assess whether symptoms and signs of these ‘late’ reactions were comparable with the clinical features of the classic Type III (Gell and Coombs) allergic reactions in the lung as shown by extrinsic allergic alveolitis.Although the time sequence of this late reaction is in agreement with the classic Type Ml reaction (Arthus phenomenon), other features of alveolitis are absent. There were no crepitations on physical examination, no fever, no leucocytes, no decrease of the PaO2, and no abnormal radiological findings. These results were related to the protective effects of some drugs. The protective effect of disodium cromoglycate and prednisolone is probably the same in both types of late reactions. The protective effect of antihistamine drugs, which is found in this late obstructive reaction, is, according to the literature, absent in the classical Type III reaction. There seem to be no valid arguments to ascribe the ‘late’ bronchial obstructive reaction to the toxic complex syndrome.Theoretical and practical implications of the late obstructive bronchial reaction are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01267.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric Aerobiological Survey of Conidial Fungi in the North-East Netherlands (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study was undertaken to see whether the principal airborne fungi in the North-East Netherlands were also found to be the most reactive in skin testing. Atmospheric samples were taken weekly with the Andersen sampler, from April 1981, up to and including, June 1983, At the same time skin tests of 833 patients referred to the outpatient Departments of Pulmonology and Allergology, because of recurrent bronchial obstructive complaints and a suspected allergy, were studied for strongly positive skin reactivity to fungi. 4.6% of the patients reacted with a wheal of 10 mm diameter or more to one or more of the tested fungi. Almost three-quarters of the airborne fungal “flora” was composed of seven genera, namely (in order of occurrence); 1) Cladosporium (42,6 %), 2) Botrytis (8.6 %), 3) Yeasts (7 %), 4) Penicillium (5.8%), 5) Basidiomycetes (5.7%), 6) Aspergillus (3.7%), and 7) Altenaria (0.9%), In skin-testing, however, a different order of occurrence existed; namely: 1) Beauveria (6.8%), 2) Botrytis (6.1%), 3) Aspergillus (4.7%), 4) Mucor (3.8%), 5) Epicoccum (3%), 6) Cladosporium (2.3%), and 7) Altenaria (1.1%), It is concluded that the most prevailing airborne moulds are not necessarily the most potent allergens, at least in skin testing. Aspergillus and Botrytis showed a high sensitization rate, while Cladosporium and Altenaria did not. Botrytis deserves further study because of its frequent airborne occurrence and marked allergenic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00214.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Aerobiological Studies in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An aerobiological pilot study was undertaken to measure airborne concentrations of Aspergillus spores in and around the dwellings of two patients with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The aim of the investigation was 1) to find a specific source of Aspergillus antigen, and 2) to find out whether disease activity, or exacerbation, paralleled Aspergillus spore prevalence. In the environment of the first patient heavy spore contaminated air was found in a cow-shed, and the adjacent hayloft and scullery. The patient experienced no typical exacerbation during the study period, probably because she now scrupulously avoided this source. The environment of the second patient contained lower spore concentrations in and around the house, and the patient had no typical exacerbation, possibly due to low-intensity exposure. Both patients, however, had increased bronchial obstruction during periods with high Aspergillus spore content in the outside air. The results suggest that avoidance of Aspergillus spore sources and low overall exposure may play a major role in preventing exacerbation of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1984.tb02623.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity and superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in chronic airflow obstruction (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 26 (1989), S. 52-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory reactions are believed to be important in nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). To investigate the potential role for oxidant-mediated modulation of BHR, we investigated oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from the peripheral blood in 28 nonallergic patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). No difference in O 2 − generation was found between 14 smokers and 14 ex-smokers with CAO. A significant correlation was found between the degree of BHR and O 2 − generation of PMN after stimulation with 20 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate, both in smokers (r=0.59,p〈0.01) and in ex-smokers (r=0.79,p〈0.01). The results suggest that oxygen radicals in a direct or indirect way may modulate BHR. Thus, in nonallergic patients with CAO, BHR and inflammation may be linked in a similar way as in allergic patients with asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02126560
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of oral oxyphenonium bromide, terbutaline and theophylline against the bronchial obstructive effects of inhaled histamine, acetylcholine and propranolol (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: airway reactivity ; oxyphenonium bromide ; terbutaline ; theophylline ; asthmatic patients ; inhalation ; provocation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protective effects of oxyphenonium bromide, terbutaline and theophylline were compared in 8 asthmatic patients by determination of the degree of non-specific airway reactivity after 1 week of oral treatment according to a fixed dose scheme in a double-blind random order: oxyphenonium bromide 3×10 mg; terbutaline 3×5 mg; theophylline 2×300 mg and placebo. Controlled, standardized inhalation provocation tests were carried out with histamine, acetylcholine and propranolol. The study was monitored by measuring blood concentrations of the 3 drugs, and their effect on the plasma cAMP concentration was also determined. Significant protection by oxyphenonium bromide against the bronchial obstructive effects of acetylcholine and propranolol was observed, but not against the effect of inhaled histamine. The other two drugs provided no significant protection against the inhaled agents. The absence of any protective effect of terbutaline and theophylline might have resulted from too low a blood concentration. The observed differences in protection could not be explained by changes in pulmonary function. The study suggests dissociation between the bronchodilating effect of a drug and its protective effect against inhaled substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542137
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Legionella pneumophila pneumonia associated with reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection (1985)
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 276-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei Patienten mit einerLegionella pneumophila-Infektion (Serogruppe 1) werden beschrieben, bei denen es zur Reaktivierung einer Cytomegalovirus-Infektion kam. Prädisponierende Faktoren konnten nicht ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary Two patients withLegionella pneumophila infection (serogroup 1) associated with a reactivated cytomegalovirus infection are described. Predisposing underlying factors were not evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01645438
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pneumococcal antibody levels in patients with acute lung infiltrates (1987)
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 192-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zweck dieser Studie war die Entwicklung einer Untersuchungsmethode zur Unterstützung der Differentialdiagnose zwischen Lungeninfiltraten infektiöser Ätiologie und Lungeninfarkten. Pneumokokkenkapsel-Antikörper-Spiegel im Serum wurden mittels ELISA-Methode bestimmt (Immunglobuline G und M). Ein 14-valentes Pneumokokken-Kapselpolysaccharid diente als Antigen. Eine mindestens zweifache Veränderung des mittels ELISA bestimmten Antikörperspiegels wurde als signifikant betrachtet. Von 30 Patienten mit Pneumokokkenpneumonie wiesen 13 einen Vakzinetyp vonStreptococcus pneumoniae auf (Gruppe A); bei fünf wurde ein Pneumokokkentyp nachgewiesen, der nicht in der Vakzine enthalten war (Gruppe B), während bei 12 der Pneumokokkentyp nicht ermittelt wurde (Gruppe C). Die Sensitivität des Tests betrug in Gruppe A 62%. Ein heterotyper Antikörperanstieg konnte bei einem Patienten nachgewiesen werden (Gruppe B). In den Gruppen A und C wurde gleich häufig eine Serokonversion gefunden. Bei 13 Patienten wurde ein anderer ätiologischer Faktor nachgewiesen (Gruppe D). Die Spezifität in dieser Gruppe war 85%. Der Antikörperstieg hatte in bezug auf Pneumokokkenpneumonien einen positiven prädiktiven Wert von 89% (SD 0,07), in bezug auf Lungeninfiltrate anderer Genese hatte hingegen ein negatives Ergebnis einen prädiktiven Wert von nur 46% (SD 0,10). Bei vier Patienten mit einem Lungeninfarkt konnte keine Erhöhung des Antikörperspiegels festgestellt werden. Vorläufige Ergebnisse einer analogen noch laufenden Untersuchung, in welcher ein 23-valentes Pneumokokken-Kapsel-Antigen benutzt wird, bestätigen obige Resultate. Es ist bemerkenswert, daß zehn weitere Patienten mit Lungeninfarkt keine Serokonversion zeigten. Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß Veränderungen im Antikörper-Spiegel gegen polyvalentes Pneumokokken-Kapsel-Antigen bei der Differentialdiagnose zwischen Lungeninfiltraten infektiöser Ätiologie und Lungeninfarkten einige Bedeutung zukommt.
    Notes: Summary We assessed the diagnostic value of serial serum antibody titers (IgG, IgM) to a polyvalent pneumococcal antigen preparation containing capsular polysaccharides from 14 different serotypes in the differential diagnosis between infectious lung infiltrates and lung infarction. A two-fold or higher change in antibody level, measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was considered significant. Of 30 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, 13 were infected with aStreptococcus pneumoniae serotype included in the vaccine (group A), five with a non-vaccine type (group B), and in 12 patients theS. pneumoniae serotype was not identified (group C). The sensitivity was 62% (group A). A heterotypic antibody rise was observed in one patient (group B). There was no difference in antibody rises between groups A and C. In 13 patients the pulmonary infiltrates were associated with different etiological factors (group D). The specificity determined in this group was 85%. The positive predictive value of an antibody rise was 89% (SD=0.07) in pneumococcal pneumonia and a negative result signified in only 46% of the patients (SD=0.10) that the pulmonary infiltrates were not associated with pneumococcal infection. Four patients suffering from pulmonary infarction had no antibody rise. Preliminary data of a current similar study, using a 23-valent antigen of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides supported the aforementioned results. It is noteworthy that ten additional patients with lung infarction showed no seroconversion. The results suggest that serum antibody changes to a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine may be of value in the differential diagnosis between infectious lung infiltrates and lung infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646048
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