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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 40 (1968), S. 915-918 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 50 (1978), S. 1374-1380 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 260-261 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein neuer Vertreter aus der Gruppe der psychotrop wirkenden Inhaltsstoffe im Haschisch indischer Herkunft gefunden. Es handelt sich um Cannabivarichromen, als Homologa mit einer Propyl-Seitenkette des Cannabichromens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: HPLC, retention indices ; Retention index values, HPLC ; HPLC, Retentionsindices ; Retentionsindex-Werte, HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den Einfluß unterschiedlicher instrumenteller Bedingungen in zwei verschiedenen Laboratorien auf die in der HPLC mittels Alkylarylketonen berechneten Retentionsindices ausgewählte Arzneistoffe berichtet: Zwei Säulen wurden mit verschiedenen Chargen Hypersil ODS Phase gefüllt und jeweils nacheinander in zwei Laboratorien unter identischen Bedingungen aber verschiedener Instrumentenausstattung eingesetzt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß das Säulenfüllungsmaterial die Richtigkeit und die apparative Komponente die Genauigkeit der Retentionsindex-Werte beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary The influence of different laboratory set-ups on HPLC retention index values of selected acidic and basic drugs was investigated. The RI values of drugs were calculated using the alkyrarylketone scale. Two columns filled with different batches of the same Hypersil ODS phase were consecutively used in two laboratories under identical conditions, but using different instrumentation. The study showed that the different laboratory set-ups influence the precision of RI values, and the differences in column filling affect the accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 93 (1984), S. 237-250 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Drug screening ; Drug identification ; Kapillargaschromatographie ; Arzneimittel-Screening ; Arzneimittel-Identifikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Benutzung, Anwendung und Beschränkungen der Kapillargaschromatographie (KGC) in der qualitativen und quantitativen toxikologischen Analytik wurden diskutiert. Technische Parameter der KGC wie Detektortyp, Art der Säule bezüglich Material, Abmessungen und stationäre Phase wurden geschätzt im Rahmen der Anforderungen in der toxikologischen Analytik. Der wichtigste Vorteil der KGC, d.h. eine hohe Trennkraft, ist unglücklicherweise verbunden mit einer niedrigen Beladung bzw. Geschwindigkeit der Analyse. KGC hat gewisse Vorteile in Screening-Verfahren, wobei aber die geringe Beladung in Betracht gezogen werden soll. Für die Arzneimittel-orientierte Analytik ist die konventionelle Chromatographie mit gepackter Säule wahrscheinlich nützlicher.
    Notes: Summary The usefulness, the applicability and the limitations of capillary gas chromatography in various types of toxicological analysis were discussed. Technical parameters of capillary gas chromatography, such as type of injector, type of column with regard to material, size, and stationary phase were assessed in view of the requirements of toxicological analysis. The main advantage of capillary gas chromatography, i.e. high separation power, is unfortunately counterbalanced by low loadability and/or speed of analysis. In the present situation capillary gas chromatography is a method of choice in drug screening despite some disadvantages, but in drug-oriented analysis the conventional chromatography on packed columns is probably more useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cushing's disease ; Mitotane ; o,p'-DDD ; long term treatment ; plasma monitoring ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Mitotane (o,p'-DDD) can be used for the treatment of various adrenocortical diseases such as Cushing's syndrome, but the usual doses of 6–8 g per day are often associated with severe adverse effects. This paper reports the results of much lower doses of o,p'-DDD (0.5–2 g per day) in two patients with Cushing's disease over periods of 8 and 5 years, respectively, under concomitant monitoring of the plasma levels of the parent drug and its major metabolite, o,p'-DDE. It became apparent that o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDE have a strong tendency to accumulate in the body due to their high lipophilicity. As a consequence, changes in dose regimens had long lag times before they were reflected in plasma levels and once an increase or decrease had started one had to be careful not to cause overshoot. Steady state plasma levels of o,p'-DDD between 5–10 μg/ml appeared sufficient to induce and to maintain remission of the disease, which was accompanied with normal cortisol levels in plasma and urine. DDD-levels below 5 μg/ml for several weeks may lead to relapses, whereas DDD-levels over 10 μg/ml gave rise to side effects. On the other hand, o,p'-DDE seemed inactive at levels up to 4 μg/ml in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; enprofylline ; liver cirrhosis ; renal failure ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with chronic renal failure, and healthy subjects, and have assessed the predictive value of routine tests of liver function and renal function (creatinine clearance) for theophylline and enprofylline total body clearances. Theophylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with liver cirrhosis compared with both the patients with renal failure and the healthy subjects (the mean values in the three groups were 24, 47, and 46 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. Enprofylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic renal failure, compared with both the patients with liver cirrhosis and the healthy subjects (the values in the three groups were 64, 250, and 289 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. There was a strong correlation between creatinine clearance and enprofylline clearance, while there was only a poor correlation between the liver function tests and theophylline clearance. It appears that in various clinical situations enprofylline elimination can be predicted more precisely than theophylline elimination, which may make the drug safer in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ipratropium bromide ; radioceptor assay ; pharmacokinetics ; inhalation ; systemic administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single doses of ipratropium bromide were administered intravenously, orally and by slow inhalation to ten healthy male volunteers. The plasma level after oral administration followed a low but broad plateau persisting for several hours. After i.v. administration the kinetic parameters were: Vc=25.9 l, Vα=13.1 l, Vβ=338 l, $$t_{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {2_\alpha }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2_\alpha }}} = 3.85\min $$ , $$t_{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {2_\beta }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2_\beta }}} = 98.4\min $$ , AUC=15.0 h · ng/ml, kel=11.8 l/h and total clearance is 2325 ml/min. The bioavailability was 3.3% (range 0.9–6.1%) on comparing the plasma AUCs following i.v. and 20 mg oral administration. The cumulative renal excretion (0–24 h) after i.v. administration was compared with that after oral administration and inhalation. Following oral administration, the apparent systemic availability was around 2%, and after inhalation it was 6.9%. In comparison with oral placebo administration, only after i.v. administration was there a significant change in heart rate (from 63.7 to 90.2 beats/min). The systolic blood pressure rose from 115.1 to 119.6 mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure from 68.3 to 78.3 mm Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; sustained release tablet ; absolute bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; individual dosage regimen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The systemic disposition of theophylline after taking a new, sustained release tablet (Theolair Retard® 250 mg, Theolair S. R.®, Riker Laboratories) has been studied in 8 hospitalized patients. Absolute bioavailability was determined from the ratios of the areas under the serum concentration-time curves after intake of the tablet and after intravenous infusion of aminophylline in the same patient. The absolute bioavailability of Theolair Retard® 250 mg was 110.9±20.8% (mean ± SD). Maximal serum concentrations were reached after 7.3±3.5 h, the large intersubject variation being due to differences in gastric emptying time. The tablets appear to release theophylline slowly in acid conditions, but more rapidly in an alkaline medium. Invasion was found to be either monophasic with a rate constant of about 0.8 h−1 (intestine), or biphasic with rate constants of 0.2 h−1 (stomach) and 0.8 h−1 (intestine). The peak levels accounted for 7.9±2.2 mg · 1−1. The profiles of the serum concentration-time curves were such that the concentrations remained above 80% of cmax for 6.5±3.3 h. The relevant pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life of elimination, total body clearance and volume of distribution) were determined and were used to calculate the individual dosage regimens required to obtain therapeutic serum concentrations. The optimal dosing interval to obtain an average steady state serum concentration of 12.5 mg · l−1 was 9.8±3.1 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: airway reactivity ; oxyphenonium bromide ; terbutaline ; theophylline ; asthmatic patients ; inhalation ; provocation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protective effects of oxyphenonium bromide, terbutaline and theophylline were compared in 8 asthmatic patients by determination of the degree of non-specific airway reactivity after 1 week of oral treatment according to a fixed dose scheme in a double-blind random order: oxyphenonium bromide 3×10 mg; terbutaline 3×5 mg; theophylline 2×300 mg and placebo. Controlled, standardized inhalation provocation tests were carried out with histamine, acetylcholine and propranolol. The study was monitored by measuring blood concentrations of the 3 drugs, and their effect on the plasma cAMP concentration was also determined. Significant protection by oxyphenonium bromide against the bronchial obstructive effects of acetylcholine and propranolol was observed, but not against the effect of inhaled histamine. The other two drugs provided no significant protection against the inhaled agents. The absence of any protective effect of terbutaline and theophylline might have resulted from too low a blood concentration. The observed differences in protection could not be explained by changes in pulmonary function. The study suggests dissociation between the bronchodilating effect of a drug and its protective effect against inhaled substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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