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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum tunneling and spin dynamics in nanometer scale magnetic systems (invited) (abstract) : 37th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6715-6715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report low temperature dc SQUID measurements of the magnetic noise S(ω) and magnetic susceptibility χ(ω) on the naturally occurring magnetic protein horse spleen ferritin.1 These proteins contain a 7.5-nm-diam antiferromagnetic core of crystalline Fe2O3 with ∼4000 spins, and so have a volume more than 100 times smaller than the particles previously studied.2 Owing to their biological significance, these systems have been investigated intensively and are extremely well characterized. Studies using diluted concentrations of these superparamagnetic proteins reveal a clearly defined resonance at ∼1 MHz in both S(ω) and in χ(ω) for T〈100 mK. The behavior of this feature as a function of temperature, particle concentration, and applied field is markedly different than that of earlier measurements,2 showing large shifts in frequency within fields as small as 1 mG. These results are consistent with theoretical expectations for the occurrence of macroscopic quantum tunneling in small antiferromagnets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal in permalloy particles: Micromagnetic computations : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5276-5278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization distributions in a rectangular permalloy particle with an 8:1 aspect ratio are presented. When a magnetic field is applied along the easy axis of the particle, there is considerable change in the vortex pattern as the applied field varies, but the moment is nearly constant. Magnetization reversal is sudden. When a field is applied oblique to the easy axis the magnetization is rather uniform in most of the particle. When an in-plane field is applied exactly along the hard axis, a complex domain structure is formed, so that the remanence is zero, in agreement with experiment. Formation of this state requires that the applied field exceed a critical value. Upon application of an easy axis field to this complex state, the domain structure is shifted so that the magnetization increases linearly with the applied field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348945
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysteresis in lithographic arrays of permalloy particles: Experiment and theory (invited) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct − 1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5262-5266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of particle size and aspect ratio on the hysteresis in controlled arrays of small magnetic particles. The arrays of permalloy particles were fabricated via electron-beam lithography. Each array consists of ∼ 106 identical, uniformly spaced particles. Hysteresis loops measured with an alternating-gradient magnetometer for particles ∼5–0.1 μm are presented. We find an increase in the coercive force as the particle width decreases below 0.3 μm due to a change in the switching mechanism from domain-wall nucleation and wall motion to vortex nucleation and vortex motion. A novel angular dependence of the loops is described in detail. Results from ab initio micromagnetic calculations on isolated rectangular Permalloy particles are compared, where applicable, with the measurements. We find excellent qualitative and, in selected cases, quantitative agreement between the experiments and calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348071
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond time-resolved magnetization dynamics of thin-film heads : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5898-5900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of picosecond magneto-optic sampling techniques to studies of the magnetization dynamics of thin-film recording heads is described. Time-resolved magnetization measurements are performed using picosecond stroboscopic scanning Kerr microscopy. A Faraday probe is used to monitor the coil excitation current with the same optical setup, yielding a direct measure of the magnetic propagation delay through the head. This delay is found to have a marked spatial dependence across the face of the pole tips. As an aid to visualization of the spatial dependence, scanned images of the polar Kerr rotation at fixed time delays are acquired. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361896
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysteresis of submicron permalloy particulate arrays (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4237-4239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have prepared controlled arrays of submicron permalloy particles as part of a program to determine the magnetic properties of verifiable single-domain particles (SDP) and the effects of interactions between SDPs. We have measured the hysteresis loops of these arrays as a function of size, aspect ratio, and spacing. The arrays are fabricated utilizing electron beam lithography and liftoff techniques. Each array consists of approximately 106 identical particles with identical spacing between the particles. Particle size and spacing [center-to-center distance (ccd)], vary from 5 μm×15 μm (width by length) with ccd of 25 μm to 0.07 μm×0.1 μm with ccd of 0.25 μm. The thickness of the films varied from 0.072 to 0.049 μm. Hysteresis loops are obtained utilizing a SQUID magnetometer. For well-separated particles we observe an order of magnitude increase in Hc with decreasing particle size, and then a subsequent decrease in Hc as the ccd is reduced. However, even for the smallest particles, the ratio of the remanence to saturation magnetization indicates that they are not single domain, and the loop shape is not indicative of Stoner–Wohlfarth behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR, magnetization, and resistivity studies in doped (4-f or 3-d ions) and undoped RBa2Cu3Oy high TC superconductors (R=Y,Pr,Nd,Eu,Gd,Ho,Er, or Yb) (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4202-4202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), resistivity, and dc susceptibility from 2 to 300 K for the oxide high Tc superconductors (R)Ba2Cu3Oy (R=Y,Pr,Nd,Eu,Gd,Ho,Er,Tm, or Yb). Selected systems were doped with 3-d ions (Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co, or Zn) or 4-f ions (Gd or Er) which presumably substitute for the Cu or R site, respectively. In the systems studied we have observed an EPR line at low temperatures (T〈40 K), which exhibits an increase in intensity and decrease in field for resonance as the temperature is lowered. The ESR linewidth is also temperature dependent and exhibits a minimum at about 15 K. An additional EPR line that can be associated with a Gd3+, Mn2+ or Er3+ ion was observed for those samples where these ions were present as dilute impurities. In some of the samples another EPR signal is observed with properties that depend on sample preparation conditions. The behavior and origin of all lines will be discussed. The variation of Tc with concentration of the added impurities over the range (1%–15%) will also be presented, and compared with previous studies in other superconducting systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340224
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of interferon-γ receptors on bladder cancer cells: does it correlate with biological response? (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Interferon-γ ; Receptors ; Bladder cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previously we have shown a differential biological response of three human bladder cancer cell lines (RT4, RT112 and MGH-U1) to gamma interferon (IFN-γ). The present study examines the relationship between the biological response and the expression of the interferon-γ receptor on the tumour cell surface. Using a competitive radioligand binding assay and Scatchard analysis, we measured the number and affinity of the IFN-γ receptors on each of the above cell lines. Individual cells from each line expressed large numbers (29,100–41,800) of high-affinity receptors (k d =2.4–3.9×1010M). There was no statistically significant difference in either of these parameters between the three lines. We therfore conclude that the biological response of these bladder lines to IFN-γ does not relate to the number or affinity of its receptor on the plasma membrane of these tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299722
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of intensive combination therapy (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil) to control adenocarcinoma or large-cell anaplastic carcinoma of lung (1980)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 4 (1980), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of lung and six patients with large cell anaplastic carcinoma of lung were treated with combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide 1 g/m2 i. v., adriamycin 30 mg/m2 and 5-FU 500 mg/m2 i. v. on days 1 and 8, of a 28 day cycle. In neither group did any patient achieve a complete remission; 1 patient achieved a partial response in each group, and the rest showed no evidence of response. The duration of survival of the responding patients in each group was not significantly longer than those of the non-responders. Toxicity and side effects were considerable in all patients. This study demonstrates that these tumour types are refractory to this form of intensive combination chemotherapy. A literature review suggests that other forms of combination chemotherapy are usually equally ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tauromustine in cancer patients (1989)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 23 (1989), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic properties of tauromustine (TCNU) were studied in 31 cancer patients who participated in phase I trials. The patients received single oral doses of tauromustine in the range of 20–170 mg/m2. Plasma samples were taken over 24 h after administration and analysed for tauromustine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Parent TCNU could be demonstrated in the plasma of all patients. Its absorption was rapid (tmax=38±22 min), the half-life was 57±22 min (mean±SD), and maximal concentration (Cmax) and AUC values were linearly related to the dose level. Thus, our study does not indicate dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for the drug in the range of 20–170 mg/m2. Thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity of TCNU; the reduction of platelet counts appeared to be linearly related to the log dose and Cmax and AUC values. TCNU appears to exhibit pharmacokinetic properties that are different from those of other nitrosoureas, which might be important for the clinical effect of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267951
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epipodophyllotoxin (VP16-213) in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus resistant to initial combination chemotherapy (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 7 (1982), S. 179-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-eight patients with small cell carcinoma of the bronchus resistant to initial chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide methotrexate and CCNU, were treated with VP16-213 alone in a dose of 120 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 3, and 5 every 3 weeks. Twelve patients died before three courses of treatment. In 26 patients who received three or more courses only one, transient partial response occurred. One or more components of the initial chemotherapy seems to confer resistance to the action of VP16-213 in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254544
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