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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of asthma in adults in northern Finland?– a report from the FinEsS study (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: According to previous studies, the prevalence of asthma has been lower in Finland than in other Nordic countries. In the present study, we assessed the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in northern Finland and calculated risk factors for these conditions. Methods: In November 1995, 7937 randomly selected subjects, 20-69 years of age, in northern Finland were invited to participate in a postal questionnaire survey. Complete answers were received from 6633 subjects (83.6%). Results: Asthma diagnosed by a physician was reported by 6.0%, while 6.3% were using asthma medicines. Asthma was most common in young adults and the elderly. The prevalence of wheezing during the previous 12 months was reported by 19.7%, while wheezing with shortness of breath apart form colds during the previous 12 months was reported by 7.1%. Only small differences between the sexes were found in prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms. All symptoms were strongly smoking-dependent. Sixty-three percent of men and 42% of women were current or ex-smokers. Family history of obstructive airway disease was the strongest risk factor for asthma (OR 2.9), while increasing age, smoking, and family history of obstructive airway disease were the most important risk factors for frequent wheeze. Conclusions: The results indicate that the prevalence of asthma and symptoms associated with asthma in adults in northern Finland is now similar to that observed in Sweden and the other Nordic countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056002169.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exhaled nitric oxide and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in young male conscripts: association only in atopics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was conducted to evaluate how bronchial responsiveness to direct and indirect stimuli relate to nitric oxide producing airway inflammation, and whether the relationship differs between atopic and nonatopic patients with various degrees of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a group of otherwise homogenous young men.We studied 181 consecutive non-smoking steroid-naive young male conscripts referred to military hospital because of respiratory symptoms suggesting asthma. Skin prick tests, spirometry, measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and standardized airway challenges with histamine and exercise were performed.128 patients were atopic. FENO was significantly higher in the atopic group, median 21.2 ppb, compared to 10.2 ppb in the nonatopic group. Still, 36% of all nonatopic patients had elevated FENO. Bronchial responsiveness to histamine (HIB) was similar in the two groups, but exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was stronger in atopics (P 〈 0.01). FENO associated significantly with atopy (P 〈 0.001), severity of EIB (P 〈 0.001) and HIB (P = 0.006) in multiple linear regression model. In separate regression models for atopic and nonatopic patients FENO associated with severity of EIB and HIB in atopic patients only. The results were similar when patients with confirmed diagnosis of asthma were analyzed separately.Our results indicate that FENO significantly associates with EIB and HIB in atopic, but not in nonatopic steroid-naïve patients with asthmatic symptoms. The finding suggests that in such atopic patients degree of airway hyperresponsiveness may reflect severity of airway inflammation. However, in nonatopic patients with similar symptoms other mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness may be more important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00901.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional properties of neurons in the temporo-parietal association cortex of awake monkey (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parietal lobe ; Temporal lobe ; Association cortex ; Audition ; Microelectrode recording
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The temporo-parietal association cortex around the caudal end of the Sylvian fissure was studied with the single cell recording technique in three awake behaving Macaca speciosa-monkeys. Of the 197 cells isolated, 5% were active only during the monkey's own movements, mostly during head rotation, and 95% were responsive to sensory stimulation: 54% to auditory stimuli, 24% to somatosensory stimuli, 13% to both of these and 4% to visual stimuli. Some cells, classified as responsive to somatosensory stimuli, were activated only by passive rotation of the head on the cervical axis; it is possible that they were driven by vestibular stimuli. Half of the cells were activated by stimuli on both sides of the monkey, and almost all the rest, only by stimuli on the side contralateral to the hemisphere recorded. Of the acoustically drivable cells, 95% responded to natural sounds, such as, rubbing hands together, rustle of clothes, clicks or jingles (sounds with noise spectrum and rapid intensity transitions). Most of these neurons were also examined with pure tones of 0.2–20 kHz: various inhibitory or excitatory responses were elicited in half of them, usually over a wide range of frequencies. The responses of most acoustically drivable cells (62%) depended on the location of the sound source with reference to the monkey's head so that the maximal response was elicited by sounds with a certain angle of incidence, usually on the contralateral side. The present results suggest that the area studied participates in the analysis of the temporal pattern of a sound, the location of the sound source and in spatial control of head movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237551
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nocturnal oxygen saturation and body movement in asthmatics treated with controlled-release preparations of theophylline or terbutaline (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; terbutaline ; nocturnal asthma ; sleep recording ; body movement ; oxygen saturation ; sleep quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine adult asthmatics with a history of nocturnal symptoms and with morning dips in peak expiratory flow (PEF) were treated for 10–14 days with 24-h controlled-release preparation of theophylline (Th), or a controlled-release preparation of terbutaline (Te), in a double-blind cross-over experiment. During treatment with 450–900 mg Th in the evening morning, plasma drug levels ranged from 53–95 (mean 73) μmol/l. The Te dose was 7.5 mg twice daily. Morning PEF values during Th (mean 338 l·min−1) and Te (316 l·min−1) were not significantly different. There were no significant differences between the treatments in average nocturnal oximetric O2 saturation (91.9% during Th and 91.0% during Te), or the amount of nocturnal body movement, recorded with a static charge sensitive bed (total number of movements 146 during Th and 120 during Te). No difference between the treatments was seen with respect to assessment by the subjects of sleep quality, which was considered fair or good. The findings suggest that in moderately severe asthma, nocturnal oxygenation and sleep quality were similar during the two treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of air ionization on heart rate and perceived exertion during a bicycle exercise test (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Air ionization ; Physical exercise ; Perceived exertion ; Heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of ionization of air on heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during bicycle exercise was studied in nine healthy medical students selected according to a randomized schedule from the class of 90 students. The exercise tests were performed both under negative and positive ionization. The study was made with a double-blind, cross-over design. The body surface exposed to ionic current was made large by reducing the clothing of the subject. A significant overall tendency to lower HR and RPE values under negative ionization was observed (p〈0.01, sign test). The RPE values were significantly lower (p〈0.01, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon test) under negative than under positive ionization at the maximal work load level but not at other relative load levels. However, when separately tested at each relative load level HR values did not differ significantly in negative and positive ionization. The results of this pilot study indicate that ionic composition of the air can modify the RPE and possibly also HR during exercise; negative air ionization seems to be beneficial compared with positive ionization. The mechanisms involved are obscure, but we suggest that negative ionization of air may increase oxidative metabolism through generation of a superoxide radical (O2 −) that is reduced to H2O2 by superoxide dismutases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429745
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