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Shock response of pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystals (1991)

Dick, J. J. ; Mulford, R. N. ; Spencer, W. J. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3572-3587

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: The shock response of single crystals of the explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate was studied from 3.4 to 19 GPa. Four orientations, 〈110〉, 〈001〉, 〈101〉, and 〈100〉 were studied. The shock Hugoniot and shock initiation sensitivities were measured in wedge tests. Intermediate velocity transitions were noted. A sensitivity anomaly near 4 GPa was discovered for 〈110〉 orientations. Chemiluminescent phenomena associated with this anomaly were studied using framing photography and uv/visible spectroscopy. Both plane-wave explosive and gas-gun impact experiments were done. Analysis of the steric hindrance occurring during edge dislocation motion in the shear flow associated with shock-induced uniaxial strain was done. The results corroborate the hypothesis that the orientation dependence of shock initiation sensitivity is due to the anisotropy of plastic flow, that is, the relative ease of slip in different orientations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349253

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Normalization of plasma insulin profiles with intraperitoneal insulin infusion in diabetic man (1980)

Schade, D. S. ; Eaton, R. P. ; Friedman, N. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 35-39

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ISSN: 1432-0428

Keywords: Peritoneum ; peritoneal cavity ; insulin ; insulin delivery ; insulin pump ; diabetic ; insulin profile ; diabetes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary This study examined the feasibility of normalizing the plasma insulin profile in five insulin deficient diabetic males. Acute meal-related increases in plasma free insulin concentration were achieved by administering short-acting insulin intraperitoneally with a pre-programmed portable rotary splenoid driven pump. This insulin response was compared to that achieved when short-acting insulin was injected subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to each meal. After intraperitoneal insulin maximal plasma free insulin concentration was observed within 45 minutes of administration, and averaged 40±13 mU/l (±SEM) for breakfast, 30±13 mU/l for lunch, and 36±13 mU/l for supper. This acute rise was followed by a gradual decline in plasma free insulin concentration, simulating a normal plasma insulin profile. With subcutaneously injected insulin, approximately the same maximal plasma free insulin concentration was obtained as observed with intraperitoneal insulin, but it was delayed 116 minutes following injection. These data suggest that intraperitoneally delivered insulin is rapidly absorbed and may normalize the peripheral plasma free insulin concentration, at least during short-term studies.