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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens: Normale Anatomie und pathologische Befunde (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beckenbodenschwäche ; Stuhlentleerungsstörungen ; Organvorfall am Becken ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Organbeweglichkeit im Bild ; Key words Pelvic floor descent ; Stool outlet disorder ; Pelvic Organ prolapse ; Magnetic Resonance Tomography ; Imaging of Organ mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose. Functional MRI of the pelvic floor allowes mapping and definition of different forms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods. We performed functional MRT of the pelvic floor in 39 healthy nulliparas and 324 patients. The diagnosis of a pathological organ descent was made if certain landmarks of the pelvic floor compartments descended below the pubococcygeal reference-line (PC-line). Results. If there was no organ descent below the PC-line on straining and if the pelvic floor muscles hardly changed position, a normal finding was diagnosed. 70% of organ prolapses came in the combined form. The generally gradual development of an organ descent led to a change of the main finding in 21,6%. The masking of a cystocele (48,6%) or of an enterocele (34,3%) by a rectocele was most frequent in these cases. Discussion. The use of functional MRI of the pelvic floor appears to be especially useful in young patients, in cases of divergent clinical and sonographic or radiological findings and if the presence of a predominant hernial sac with or without enterocele/rectocele is supposed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel. Die funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens ermöglicht die Dokumentation und Definition der verschiedenen Manifestationsformen einer Beckenbodeninsuffizienz. Methodik. Es wurde bei 39 gesunden Nulliparen und 324 Patientinnen eine funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens durchgeführt. Ein pathologischer Organdeszensus wurde dokumentiert, wenn bestimmte Kennstrukturen der Beckenbodenkompartimente unterhalb der pubokokkygealen Referenzlinie (PC-Linie) zu liegen kamen. Ergebnisse. Beim Normalbefund zeigt sich unter Pressen kein Deszensus der Kennstrukturen unterhalb der PC-Linie und die Beckenbodenmuskulatur verändert ihre Position kaum. In 70% fand sich die kombinierte Form eines Organdeszensus. Die meist stufenweise Entwicklung eines Organvorfalles führte bei 21,6% zu einem Wechsel des Hauptbefundes. Am häufigsten war hierbei die Maskierung einer Zystozele (48,6%) oder einer Enterozele (34,3%) durch eine Rektozele. Diskussion. Der Einsatz der funktionellen MRT des Beckens erscheint insbesondere bei jungen Patientinnen gerechtfertigt, und in Fällen, in denen klinische und sonographische oder röntgenologische Befunde divergieren sowie bei einem vermuteten dominanten Brucksack mit oder ohne Peritoneozele, bzw. Enterozele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050695
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens Methodik und Referenzwerte (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 458-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Funktionelle MRT ; MRT Beckenboden ; Beckenbodendysfunktion ; MRT Referenzwerte ; Key words Pelvic floor-MRI ; MRI-cine studies ; Pelvic Organs ; MRI-Pelvic Organs ; prolapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose. Functional cine MRI of the pelvic floor is a yet another modality in addition to various radiological fluoroscopic techniques. This article describes our own method in view of the recent literatur and provides morphometric reference values. Material and method. We examined 20 nulliparous women (range of age: 25–51 years) with normal findings in the gynecological and urodynamic examination. Functional cine MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla equipment after opacification of the vagina and rectum. We used a T2-weighted gradient- echo sequence (Ture-FISP) to determine the position of the reference organs at rest and during straining/defecation. Two different reference lines were used. In addition 29 morphometric and functional parameters were measured, all of them being observer independant. Results. Functional cine MRI was able to show the extent and interaction of the pelvic floor organs in all cases with the reference organs always remaining above the pubococcygeal reference line. The depht of the rectocele was 2 cm. With the exception of the diameter of urogenital hiatus the different parts of the levator ani muscle could not be determined. Discussion. Functional cine MRI using an appropiate organ opacification and slice positioning is an objective, unifying diagnostic approach of the pelvic floor. The reference data given can be of help to distinguish normal from abnormal findings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung. Die funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens eröffnet neue Perspektiven in der Diagnostik. In diesem Beitrag soll die eigene Methodik dargestellt und Referenzwerte bei einem Kollektiv gesunder Nulliparen ermittelt werden. Material und Methode. 20 Nulliparae (Alter 25–51 Jahre) mit unauffälligem gynäkologischen und urodynamischen Befund. Funktionelle MRT mit Kontrastierung von Scheide und Rektum an einem 1,5-Tesla-System. Mit Hilfe einer T2-gewichteten Gradientenechosequenz (True-FISP) wurden die Veränderungen der Referenzorgane in Ruhe und während des Pressvorgangs mit Defäkation anhand zweier Referenzlinien bestimmt. Weitere 29, zuvor im Interobservertest validierte, knöcherne und muskuläre Kenngrößen wurden ausgemessen. Ergebnisse. Die funktionelle MRT konnte den Umfang der Lageveränderungen der Beckenbodenorgane in allen Fällen dokumentieren. Die Beckenorgane traten in keinem Fall tiefer als die pubokokkzygeale Referenzlinie. Tiefe der physiologischen Rektozele 〈2 cm. Bei den muskulären Kenngrößen konnten mit Ausnahme der Weite des Hiatus urogenitalis keine weiteren Anteile des M. levator ani ausreichend sicher bestimmt werden. Diskussion. Die funktionellen MRT kann als modular aufgebaute Untersuchung mit variabler Organkontrastierung und angepasster Schichtführung den gesamten Beckenboden mit seinen Organen erfassen. Die an gesunden Probandinnen ermittelten Referenzwerte tragen dazu bei, pathologische Veränderungen zu identifizieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050696
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filmlose Befundung und Bildverteilung an Zuweiser am Beispiel einer radiologischen Gemeinschaftspraxis (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 316-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Filmloses Befunden ; PACS ; Teleradiologie ; Bildverteilung ; Key words Filmless reading ; PACS ; Teleradiology ; Digital image distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In healthcare, cost effectiveness as well as the quality of examinations and procedures are subjected to quickly increasing expectations and demands: we like to demonstrate how the resulting challenges and problems can be met with implementation of modern information technology. Analysing the respective demands (pattern of quantities) and choosing the adequate technical solution/ technical approach, we found filmless reading and the usage of digital image distribution to communicate with referring physicians to be cost effective as well as of higher quality. Special attention should be paid to the rigorous maintenance of data security and access. Today’s information technology allows individual adjustment to the respective size and requirements of a radiological department or practice for filmless reading and digital image distribution. Working with the systems as a matter of routine and using all of the expanding technological possibilities, an important improvement of service and quality can be achieved. Amortisation will be obtained despite high investments, due to the subsequent savings in personal- and enterprise costs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Kostendruck sowie der Anspruch auf Leistung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen steigen ständig. Am Beispiel einer radiologischen Gemeinschaftspraxis zeigen wir auf, wie diesen Voraussetzungen mit Einsatz moderner Informationstechnologie begegnet werden kann. Nach Analyse des Mengengerüstes und Auswahl der adäquaten technischen Lösung, tragen filmloses Befunden und der Einsatz von digitalen Bildverteilungen an Zuweiser kosteneffektiv zur Qualitätssteigerung bei. Einer konsequenten Einhaltung der Datenschutzbestimmungen und einer Sicherstellung des authentifizierten Datenzugriffes sollte dabei ein Hauptaugenmerk zukommen. Mit Hilfe der vorhandenen Technologien können heute den individuellen Verhältnissen angepaßte Lösungen für digitales Befunden und digitale Bildverteilung erworben werden. Der konsequente Einsatz und die Ausnützung aller Möglichkeiten der Technologie leisten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur verbesserten Versorgung und Qualitätssicherung. Hohen Anfangsinvestitionen stehen Einsparungen bei Personal- und Betriebskosten entgegen, so daß eine Amortisation zu erreichen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deconvolution of XPS spectra (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The resolution of XPS spectra is limited mainly by instrumental parameters like the spectral line width of the exciting X-ray source and the finite energy resolution of the electron analyzer. If the line broadening functions resulting from the instrumental setup can be estimated and expressed by a spectrometer function, a mathematical recalculation of the intrinsic signal is possible by deconvolution. With the method presented in this paper, a resolution enhancement by a factor of 3 can be obtained. Measured spectra of physically correlated spin orbit doublets have been deconvoluted, and it is shown, that the intensity ratios and the positions are comparable with results obtained by highly resolved measurements using monochromatized X-rays and long acquisition times. Informations on phase compositions by an interpretation of chemical shifts of less then 0.6 eV are possible, too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322120
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase composition of Fe-containing Langmuir-Blodgett layers after thermal treatment in a reactive atmosphere (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, mono- and multilayers of ferric stearate were drawn onto silicon wafers. They were thermodesorbed in air at 250–300°C, and the layers formed in this way were found to consist of γ-FeOOH with defective stoichiometry. By heating in H2, the layers can be reduced to Fe2− and even to α-Fe. The latter is magnetically ordered and highly corrosion resistant. Chloride ions, however, induce fast corrosion. FeCl2, formed by this corrosion, is rather unstable and transforms to an Fe3+ phase. The high corrosion resistance of the metallic Fe layer is assumed to be due to its excellent homogeneity. The experiments were performed using XPS, AES, CEMS, and SEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface versus bulk composition of a phosphate glass (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to study alterations of the surface layer of an iron containing industrial phosphate glass as compared with its bulk. In the surface layer, after polishing and exposure to ambient atmosphere, Fe2+ is partially oxidized to Fe3+. This oxidation, however, does not increase the O/P ratio in this layer, because it goes along with a strong leaching of network modifiers. This leaching leads to a net decrease of the O/P ratio because it overcompensates the relative oxygen increase by Fe2+ oxidation and by uptake of water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220158
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS analysis of leached layers on optical glasses (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 796-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The corrosion of optical glasses often reduces the utility of uncoated glasses as well as the adhesion of resistive coatings deposited onto corroded glasses. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study glass surfaces with respect to their surface corrosion. In particular, leaching by the influence of polish slurries, pure water, air and even residual gases inside a vacuum device was studied in detail. Pure quartz glass and different sodium and barium silicate glasses were broken in ultrahigh vacuum (4 × 10-10 mbar) for the determination of sensitivity factors of the different XPS signals. It was found that a quantitative determination of the surface composition of corroded and leached layers is possible by determination of the intensities of the XPS O 1s, Si 2p, Si 2s, B 1s, Na 1s, Na 2s, Na 2p, Ba 3d and Ba 4d signals. After leaching in aqueous solutions, the barium is exchanged by hydrogen via an interdiffusion mechanism, resulting in an enrichment of different hydrogen bonds (H2O/H3O+, OH-, ≡Si—O—H) in the leached layer. An iterative algorithm is shown, which allows, in addition to the content of all other elements, the hydrogen content to be determined quantitatively in the leached layers. Furthermore, the calculation of the density of surface layers becomes possible. For an exact analysis of the leached layers the intensity loss by contamination layers is considered and the calculated density is used to perform matrix-dependent intensity corrections for the attenuation length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200908
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