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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone cysts ; Fractures ; Complications ; Cortical defect ; MRI greenstick fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Posttraumatic bone-cyst formation is a known but rare process. Typical location is the distal radius, usually as a result of a greenstick fracture. The pathogenesis is unknown; however, subperiosteal migration of fat or hemorrhage with later absorption may cause cyst formation. We present the first reported case of MR imaging of this lesion. At MRI subperiosteal hemorrhage was found to be the cause of cyst formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Tendinitis ; Bone resorption ; Cortical defect ; MRI ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of calcific tendinitis of the pectoralis major insertion with cortical bone erosion is presented. Clinical and laboratory findings showed a significant inflammatory reaction. Both CT and MR images demonstrated the extent of the lesion providing additional information on the dimensions of inflammatory soft tissue and bone marrow reaction. Biopsy was performed and histology revealed the typical features of calcification, inflammation and giant cell reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1451-1456 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Computers ; Radiology reporting systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the recognition rate, learning potential and amount of time needed to complete a report with the Philips speech recognition system SP 6000 (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). Four radiologists dictated reports of interventional radiology, MRI examinations of the musculoskeletal system and CT examinations of the thorax and abdomen with the Philips system using the German language. The recognition rate of each report and improvement rate after each learning phase of the Philips system was assessed. The time needed to complete a report using the Philips system was then compared with the time needed to complete a report using the tape-based system via a time analysis. The average recognition rate for the four radiologists using the Philips system was 79.6 %, which improved to 92.5 % after the third adaptation. Initially, the average time demand to dictate and correct one report was approximately 16.8 min, but this time decreased to 8.1 min after the third adaptation. In contrast, only 3.6 min were needed to dictate and correct one report using the tape-based system. However, with the speech recognition system, dictation, correction and transcription of the report can be completed within 15 min, whereas with the tape-based system, it takes nearly 1 day. With the Philips system, speech recognition can reach as high as 95 % since each adaptation of the system improves the recognition rate by approximately 5 %. While the Philips system is associated with longer dictation times than the tape-based system, turn-around time for a complete report is substantially shorter with the Philips system than the tape-based system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1309-1317 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pelvic-floor descent ; Pelvic-floor hernia ; Enteroceles ; Dynamic MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Magnetic resonance colpocystorectography (MR-CCRG) is presented in the evaluation of patients with pelvic-floor disorders. Five healthy volunteers and 44 female patients with isolated or combined visceral descent underwent dynamic MRI and dynamic fluoroscopy (DF). MR-CCRG was performed with the patient in a supine position using a True FISP sequence (1 image/1.2 s; in-plane resolution 1.02 mm) during pelvic floor contraction, relaxation, and straining maneuvers. Relevant organs, such as urethra, bladder, vagina, and rectum, were opacified by using a saline solution, Magnevist (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany), and sonography gel, respectively. The clinical evaluation and the intraoperative results (30 cases) were used as reference. MR-CCRG and DF were non-diagnostic in 3 cases each. Most patients had a combined type of visceral prolapse, the most frequent combination being a vaginal vault prolapse and a cystocele. The points of reference were sufficiently outlined by DF and MR-CCRG. In comparison with the clinical and intraoperative results, MR-CCRG proved to be especially beneficial in the diagnosis of different types of enteroceles including a uterovaginal prolapse. MR-CCRG showed an equal or higher sensitivity and specificity for all individual sites when compared with DF. Also, predominant herniation obscuring other concomitant prolapse could be verified in 8 cases. MR-CCRG is superior to DF and accurately depicts pelvic-floor descent and prolapse in women. The possibility of dynamic presentation (see enclosed CD-ROM) allows for a better understanding of the organ movements within a given topographic reference setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Keywords: Key words Shoulder ; Calcifying tendinitis ; Shock wave ; MRI ; Prediction parameters ; Clinical outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This prospective study examined 62 patients (65 shoulders) with chronic courses of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder before and after low-energy extracorporeal shockwave application (ESWA) in order to identify variables associated with the outcome of this treatment. Before ESWA, radiographs and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected shoulders were obtained in order to document the size and morphology of the calcifications and the contrast media reactions in areas of interest (deposit, synovia, bursae), respectively. In addition, a clinical evaluation was performed. After ESWA (mean follow-up 18.2 months), clinical evaluations of all 65 shoulders revealed an increase in the Constant score from 44% to 78% (p 〈 0.0001). While size (p = 0.61) and morphology (p = 0.7) of the deposits before ESWA were not associated with the clinical outcome, negative contrast reactions around the deposits (p = 0.0001), synovia (p = 0.0049) and bursae (p 〈 0.01) were associated with improved clinical outcomes. After the total study group was divided into two groups, one with Constant scores ≥ 75% (n = 43) and the other with scores 〈 75% (n = 22), the positive predictive value (ppv), specificity (sp) and sensitivity (se) were determined for the negative reaction around the deposit (ppv: 0.94; sp: 0.95; se: 0.38), synovia (ppv: 0.84; sp: 0.82; se: 0.49) and bursae (ppv: 0.86; sp: 0.86; se: 0.44). In 5 cases (7.7%), surgery of the affected shoulder during the follow-up period was performed. No major side-effects were seen in the study group. In conclusion, our results suggest that in patients with chronic calcifying tendinitis, the absence of contrast enhancement, especially around the deposit, is a strong predictive parameter of a positive clinical outcome of ESWA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 42-47 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign, although potentially aggressive tumor, with a cartilage-like matrix, accounting for approximately 1% of all bone tumors. It usually affects the metaphyseal region of long bones of patients in their first or second decade of life. An additional peak of incidence has been observed between 50 and 70 years of age. Three cases are presented here: 10-, 13-, and 52-year-old patients, with lesions in the proximal tibia, the proximal humerus, and the proximal femur, respectively. The literature is reviewed in terms of clinical behavior, diagnostic procedures, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome. Preferred treatment is complete local excision with tumor-free margins. Intralesional curettage with or without local adjuvants shows a local recurrence rate of approximately 25%. Radiation therapy may be useful in nonresectable cases but bears the well documented risk of radiation-induced malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die dynamische Magnetresonanzkolpozystorektographie (dynamische MR-KCRG) ist ein neues Verfahren zur Darstellung komplexer Bewegungsabläufe beim Deszensus und Prolaps genitalis. Der Untersuchungsablauf entspricht im wesentlichen dem der herkömmlichen (röntgenologischen) Kolpozystorektographie (KCRG). Die wichtigsten Vorteile sind die fehlende Strahlenbelastung, der minimale Kontrastmittelbedarf, die Darstellung von Weichteilen und die höhere Treffsicherheit bei der Diagnostik von Enterozelen. Zystozelen und Rektozelen werden durch beide Methoden ähnlich sicher erfaßt. Durch die dynamische Darstellung der Bewegung intrapelviner Strukturen und ihrer wechselseitigen Beeinflussung wird das Verständnis von Deszensusentwicklung mehr als durch die bisherigen bildgebenden Verfahren erweitert werden. Als Hauptnachteile sind die erhöhten Kosten, das Problem der „Platzangst“ und die noch mangelnde Geräteverfügbarkeit anzusehen. Diese neue Methode wird vermutlich in Zukunft bei der Erfassung prä- und postoperativer Befunde Bedeutung erlangen und die mit Strahlenbelastung einhergehenden bildgebenden Verfahren weiter zurückdrängen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 451-457 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beckenbodenschwäche ; Stuhlentleerungsstörungen ; Organvorfall am Becken ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Organbeweglichkeit im Bild ; Key words Pelvic floor descent ; Stool outlet disorder ; Pelvic Organ prolapse ; Magnetic Resonance Tomography ; Imaging of Organ mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose. Functional MRI of the pelvic floor allowes mapping and definition of different forms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods. We performed functional MRT of the pelvic floor in 39 healthy nulliparas and 324 patients. The diagnosis of a pathological organ descent was made if certain landmarks of the pelvic floor compartments descended below the pubococcygeal reference-line (PC-line). Results. If there was no organ descent below the PC-line on straining and if the pelvic floor muscles hardly changed position, a normal finding was diagnosed. 70% of organ prolapses came in the combined form. The generally gradual development of an organ descent led to a change of the main finding in 21,6%. The masking of a cystocele (48,6%) or of an enterocele (34,3%) by a rectocele was most frequent in these cases. Discussion. The use of functional MRI of the pelvic floor appears to be especially useful in young patients, in cases of divergent clinical and sonographic or radiological findings and if the presence of a predominant hernial sac with or without enterocele/rectocele is supposed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel. Die funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens ermöglicht die Dokumentation und Definition der verschiedenen Manifestationsformen einer Beckenbodeninsuffizienz. Methodik. Es wurde bei 39 gesunden Nulliparen und 324 Patientinnen eine funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens durchgeführt. Ein pathologischer Organdeszensus wurde dokumentiert, wenn bestimmte Kennstrukturen der Beckenbodenkompartimente unterhalb der pubokokkygealen Referenzlinie (PC-Linie) zu liegen kamen. Ergebnisse. Beim Normalbefund zeigt sich unter Pressen kein Deszensus der Kennstrukturen unterhalb der PC-Linie und die Beckenbodenmuskulatur verändert ihre Position kaum. In 70% fand sich die kombinierte Form eines Organdeszensus. Die meist stufenweise Entwicklung eines Organvorfalles führte bei 21,6% zu einem Wechsel des Hauptbefundes. Am häufigsten war hierbei die Maskierung einer Zystozele (48,6%) oder einer Enterozele (34,3%) durch eine Rektozele. Diskussion. Der Einsatz der funktionellen MRT des Beckens erscheint insbesondere bei jungen Patientinnen gerechtfertigt, und in Fällen, in denen klinische und sonographische oder röntgenologische Befunde divergieren sowie bei einem vermuteten dominanten Brucksack mit oder ohne Peritoneozele, bzw. Enterozele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 437-445 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Descensus/Prolaps genitalis ; Beckenbodenfunktionsstörung ; Diagnostik ; Kernspintomographie ; Sonographie ; Kolpozystorektographie ; Key words Descent/genital prolapse ; Functional defects of the pelvic floor ; Diagnosis ; CTG ; Sonography ; Colpocystorectography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Purpose. The following article is designed to describe the diagnostics and therapy of morphological and functional defects in the female pelvic floor from a gynaecological point of view. Assessment of the relevance of imaging techniques is of particular importance. Material and methods. The main diagnoses are: in the anterior compartment of the pelvic floor, urethro- cystocele; in the middle compartment, uterine descent/prolapse or enterocele; and in the posterior compartment, rectocele. They are clinically examined by means of a standardised gynaecological examination and classified according to recommendations from the International Continence Society ( ICS) in order to obtain internationally comparable results. Comparison with the usual imaging procedures (introitus- and perineal sonography, colpocystorectography/defaecography and functional MRI of the pelvic floor) are described and critically discussed. The most important functions affected are storage and evacuation of the bladder and rectum. They are clinically examined by means of stress test and pad-weigh test and technically examined using urodynamics, sphincter-rectum manometry and EMG. Imaging procedures play a very important role here also. Results. Comparison of clinical and imaging procedures shows that the two methods are at present limited in comparability, mainly because different points of reference are used to quantify results. The line of the hymen is a good point of reference in grading descent and prolapse. During the gynaecological examination, the three compartments can readily be assessed separately by use of split gynaecological specula. This is presently practically impossible using imaging procedures. The pubococcygeal line is generally used to describe findings. Discussion. Scientific progress can only be expected if and when these problems are studied as a whole. Imaging procedures have securely established themselves in the diagnostic repertoire, but do not as yet influence therapy decisions. The indication and choice of operation depend on the severity of the patient's symptoms the clinical findings and the results of urodynamic investigations. Dynamic CTG is presently the most reliable method of showing all three compartments at rest and during function. It has largely replaced colpocystorectography. Sonography is found to be varied in ist results at the moment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung. Der folgende Beitrag soll die Diagnostik und Therapie der morphologischen und funktionellen Störungen des weiblichen Beckenbodens aus gynäkologischer Sicht beschreiben. Besondere Bedeutung hat die Bewertung der Relevanz der bildgebenden Verfahren. Material und Methoden. Die wesentlichen morphologischen Auffälligkeiten am vorderen Kompartiment des Beckenbodens sind Urethrozystozele, am mittleren Kompartiment der Deszensus/Prolaps des Uterus bzw. die Enterozele und am hinteren Kompartiment die Rektozele. Sie werden klinisch im Rahmen einer standardisierten gynäkologischen Untersuchung erfaßt und nach den Empfehlungen der International Continence Society (ICS) klassifiziert um international vergleichbare Befunde zu erhalten. Der Vergleich mit den derzeit üblichen bildgebenden Verfahren (Introitus- und Perinealsonographie, Kolpozystorektographie/Defäkographie und funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens) wird beschrieben und kritisch dikutiert. Die wichtigsten Funktionsstörungen betreffen die Speicher- und Entleerungsfunktion von Blase und Rektum. Sie werden klinisch (Stresstest, Pad-weigh-Test), durch die genannten bildgebenden Verfahren und meßtechnisch (urodynamische Untersuchung, Sphinkter-Rektum-Manometrie, EMG) objektiviert. Auch hier wird die Relevanz der bildgebenden Verfahren besonders betrachtet. Ergebnisse. Der Vergleich der klinischen und bildgebenden Untersuchung zeigt, daß derzeit beide Verfahren nur eingeschränkt vergleichbar sind, da unterschiedliche Bezugssysteme bei der Befundquantifizierung benützt werden. Klinisch ist die Ebene des Hymenalsaums zur Deszensus- und Prolapsgraduierung geeignet. Bei der gynäkologischen Untersuchung ist die getrennte Beurteilung aller 3 Kompartimente durch geteilte gynäkologische Spekula problemlos möglich. Dies ist mit radiologischen Verfahren derzeit kaum möglich. Zur Befundbeschreibung wird meist die pubokokzygeale Linie als Referenzlinie verwendet. Diskussion. Wissenschaftlicher Fortschritt ist nur dann zu erwarten, wenn diese Störungen interdisziplinär bearbeitet werden. Die bildgebenden Verfahren haben sich im diagnostischen Repertoire fest etabliert, therapieentscheidenen Charakter besitzen sie jedoch noch nicht. Die Indikation und Wahl der Operation stützt sich auf den Leidensdruck der Patientin, den klinischen Befund und die Ergebnisse der urodynamischen Untersuchung. Die funktionelle MRT ist derzeit am ehesten in der Lage, alle 3 Kompartimente in Ruhe und Funktion abzubilden. Sie hat die Kolpozystorektographie weitgehend ersetzt. Die Sonographie wird in ihrer Bedeutung derzeit noch sehr uneinheitlich bewertet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 458-464 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Funktionelle MRT ; MRT Beckenboden ; Beckenbodendysfunktion ; MRT Referenzwerte ; Key words Pelvic floor-MRI ; MRI-cine studies ; Pelvic Organs ; MRI-Pelvic Organs ; prolapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose. Functional cine MRI of the pelvic floor is a yet another modality in addition to various radiological fluoroscopic techniques. This article describes our own method in view of the recent literatur and provides morphometric reference values. Material and method. We examined 20 nulliparous women (range of age: 25–51 years) with normal findings in the gynecological and urodynamic examination. Functional cine MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla equipment after opacification of the vagina and rectum. We used a T2-weighted gradient- echo sequence (Ture-FISP) to determine the position of the reference organs at rest and during straining/defecation. Two different reference lines were used. In addition 29 morphometric and functional parameters were measured, all of them being observer independant. Results. Functional cine MRI was able to show the extent and interaction of the pelvic floor organs in all cases with the reference organs always remaining above the pubococcygeal reference line. The depht of the rectocele was 2 cm. With the exception of the diameter of urogenital hiatus the different parts of the levator ani muscle could not be determined. Discussion. Functional cine MRI using an appropiate organ opacification and slice positioning is an objective, unifying diagnostic approach of the pelvic floor. The reference data given can be of help to distinguish normal from abnormal findings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung. Die funktionelle MRT des Beckenbodens eröffnet neue Perspektiven in der Diagnostik. In diesem Beitrag soll die eigene Methodik dargestellt und Referenzwerte bei einem Kollektiv gesunder Nulliparen ermittelt werden. Material und Methode. 20 Nulliparae (Alter 25–51 Jahre) mit unauffälligem gynäkologischen und urodynamischen Befund. Funktionelle MRT mit Kontrastierung von Scheide und Rektum an einem 1,5-Tesla-System. Mit Hilfe einer T2-gewichteten Gradientenechosequenz (True-FISP) wurden die Veränderungen der Referenzorgane in Ruhe und während des Pressvorgangs mit Defäkation anhand zweier Referenzlinien bestimmt. Weitere 29, zuvor im Interobservertest validierte, knöcherne und muskuläre Kenngrößen wurden ausgemessen. Ergebnisse. Die funktionelle MRT konnte den Umfang der Lageveränderungen der Beckenbodenorgane in allen Fällen dokumentieren. Die Beckenorgane traten in keinem Fall tiefer als die pubokokkzygeale Referenzlinie. Tiefe der physiologischen Rektozele 〈2 cm. Bei den muskulären Kenngrößen konnten mit Ausnahme der Weite des Hiatus urogenitalis keine weiteren Anteile des M. levator ani ausreichend sicher bestimmt werden. Diskussion. Die funktionellen MRT kann als modular aufgebaute Untersuchung mit variabler Organkontrastierung und angepasster Schichtführung den gesamten Beckenboden mit seinen Organen erfassen. Die an gesunden Probandinnen ermittelten Referenzwerte tragen dazu bei, pathologische Veränderungen zu identifizieren.
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