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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Malignant spiradenoma is an exceedingly rare adnexal tumour clinically characterized by rapid enlargement of a pre-existing, long-standing benign spiradenoma. Microscopic examination typically reveals a continuum between benign spiradenoma and areas of malignant transformation. Biological behaviour is unpredictable and it should be regarded as a potentially lethal neoplasm. Treatment recommendations require radical surgical excision. The reported case of a 23-year-old female illustrates the malignant transformation of a 1.5 cm nodule within a large linear spiradenoma almost covering the frontal aspect of the lower leg. In reviewing the literature, malignant transformation seems to occur slightly more often in multiple than in solitary spiradenomas. It is unclear whether excision restricted to the malignant area is an advisable treatment option in comparison to total excision of all spiradenoma nodules. In the presented case, the transformed area was excised. The patient is free of recurrence after 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone bruise ; Low field strength MRI ; MRI sequences ; Traumatic joints ; Musculoskeletal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective and patients. One hundred and forty-one patients with recent joint trauma, aged 12–71 years, were imaged on a 0.2-T dedicated MRI system and evaluated for bone bruises. The most beneficial sequences were compared. Design. The diagnosis of post-traumatic bone marrow abnormalities was established in 20 of 141 patients on the basis of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted TSE and fat-suppressed IRGE sequences. Signal changes within the bone marrow were evaluated and statistically correlated with normal bone. Results. The highest signal alteration was found on T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences, followed by IRGE, which detected smaller differences in signal intensity. T2-weighted TSE imaging showed the least contrast. The areas with bone marrow changes were approximately equal in size on T1-weighted SE and T2-weighted TSE sequences. The same areas depicted on IRGE and GRE sequences proved to be significantly larger (P〈0.01). Conclusion. Using a 0.2-T dedicated system T1-weighted SE, T1-weighted GRE and IRGE sequences were most effective in detecting conspicuous bone marrow alteration, while the T2-weighted TSE sequence was inferior. GRE and IRGE imaging showed areas about 4 times larger depicting bone marrow changes. On suspicion of bone bruise, a protocol including GRE and IRGE pulse sequences could be most beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Impingement syndrome ; Subacromial space ; MR imaging ; 3D reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine systematic changes of the normal subacromial space width during abduction and rotation, and to analyze the spatial relationship of the supraspinatus muscle with the acromion and clavicle. 12 healthy volunteers were imaged by an open MR scanner in 5 different positions of abduction and in 3 positions of rotation. After three dimensional (3D) reconstruction and 3D Euclidian distance transformation, the minimal spatial distances between the humerus and the acromion and the humerus and clavicle were computed. The minimal acromio-humeral distance decreased significantly from 30° of abduction (mean 7.0 mm ± 1.6 mm) to 120° (mean 3.9 mm; ± 1.8 mm; p 〈 0.0001). At 30°, the minimal distance penetrated the supraspinatus, whereas at 120° it was always located lateral to the supraspinatus tendon. At 90° with internal rotation (7.6 mm, ± 2.3 mm) the minimal acromio-humeral distance was larger than in neutral rotation (5.4 mm, ± 2.3 mm) or external rotation (4.4 mm, ± 2.2 mm; p 〈 0.05), but it penetrated the supraspinatus tendon at its most vulnerable part, reaching the acromion at its anterior inferior border. We conclude that the subacromial space width changes during abduction and rotation and that the supraspinatus is in closest contact to the anterior inferior border of the acromion in 90° of abduction with 45° internal rotation. These values obtained in volunteers can be used as a basis for further investigations in patients with the impingement syndrome.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Impingement syndrome ; Subacromial space ; MR imaging ; 3D reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer les modifications de la hauteur de l'espace sub-acromial normal pendant l'abduction et la rotation, et d'analyser les rapports dans l'espace du m. supra-épineux avec l'acromion et la clavicule. L'étude a été réalisée sur une IRM ouverte chez 12 volontaires sains dans 5 positions différentes d'abduction et 3 de rotation. Après reconstruction tridimensionnelle (3D) et mesure euclidienne de distance dans l'espace, les distances minimales entre l'humérus et l'acromion d'une part et la clavicule d'autre part ont fait l'objet d'un traitement informatique. La distance acromiohumérale minimale diminuait de façon significative à partir de 30° (moyenne 7.0 mm;+1.6 mm.) jusqu'à 120° (moyenne 3.9 mm;+1.8 mm; p〈0.0001) d'abduction. A 30°, le vecteur de la distance minimale traversait le m. supra-épineux alors qu'à 120° et au-delà, il était en situation latérale par rapport à son tendon chez tous les volontaires. A 90°, la distance acromio-humérale minimale était plus grande en rotation interne (7.6 mm,+2.3 mm) qu'en rotation neutre (5.4 mm,+2.3 mm) ou externe (4.4 mm,+2.2 mm; p〈0.05), mais son vecteur traversait le tendon des m. supra-épineux dans sa partie la plus vulnérable et atteignait l'acromion à son bord antérieur et inférieur. Ainsi, la hauteur de l'espace subacromial se modifie pendant l'abduction et la rotation et le m. supra-épineux vient au contact étroit du bord antérieur et inférieur de l'acromion à 90° d'abduction avec 45° de rotation interne. Ces chiffres obtenus chez des volontaires sains constituent des valeurs de références pour des travaux ultérieurs chez des patients souffrant d'un conflit sub-acromial.
    Notes: Summary The objectives of this study were to determine systematic changes of the normal subacromial space width during abduction and rotation, and to analyze the spatial relationship of the supraspinatus muscle with the acromion and clavicle. 12 healthy volunteers were imaged by an open MR scanner in 5 different positions of abduction and in 3 positions of rotation. After three dimensional (3D) reconstruction and 3D Euclidian distance transformation, the minimal spatial distances between the humerus and the acromion and the humerus and clavicle were computed. The minimal acromio-humeral distance decreased significantly from 30° of abduction (mean 7.0 mm±1.6 mm) to 120° (mean 3.9 mm;±1.8 mm; p〈0.0001). At 30°, the minimal distance penetrated the supraspinatus, whereas at 120° it was always located lateral to the supraspinatus tendon. At 90° with internal rotation (7.6 mm,±2.3 mm) the minimal acromio-humeral distance was larger than in neutral rotation (5.4 mm,±2.3 mm) or external rotation (4.4 mm,±2.2 mm; p〈0.05), but it penetrated the supraspinatus tendon at its most vulnerable part, reaching the acromion at its anterior inferior border. We conclude that the subacromial space width changes during abduction and rotation and that the supraspinatus is in closest contact to the anterior inferior border of the acromion in 90° of abduction with 45° internal rotation. These values obtained in volunteers can be used as a basis for further investigations in patients with the impingement syndrome.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging • MR systems • Dedicated MR systems • Open MR systems • Patient acceptance • Subjective condition ; Schlüsselwörter MRT • Hochfeldsystem • Offenes System • Dediziertes System • Patientenbefindlichkeit • Akzeptanz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Akzeptanz verschiedener MR-Geräte durch die Patienten sind bisher in der Literatur nicht bekannt. Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit verschiedene subjektive Kriterien erhoben, die Aufschlußüber die Patientenbefindlichkeit und Akzeptanz von MR-Untersuchungen an Hochfeldganzkörpersystemen mit 1,5 und 1,0 T Feldstärke, einem offenen 0,2-T-Niederfeldganzkörpersystem sowie einem 0,2 T dedizierten Niederfeldsystem für periphere Gelenke geben sollen. An jedem MR-System wurden 40 Patienten (Gesamtzahl 160 Patienten) standardisiert zu Aspekten der subjektiven Befindlichkeit sowie der Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz von gerätebezogenen Faktoren befragt. Bei allen MR-Systemen wurde die Befindlichkeit und Akzeptanz als ganz überwiegend positiv eingeschätzt. Dennoch wurden Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung von Lautstärke, Enge des Untersuchungsbereiches, Bequemlichkeit der Lagerung und Grad des Wohlbefindens ermittelt. Allerdings erscheinen diese Unterschiede nicht so gravierend, daß sie als entscheidende Kriterien für die Präferenz einer bestimmten Geräteart anzusehen sind. Die Gerätewahl sollte sich dementsprechend nach den untersuchungstechnischen Möglichkeiten richten.
    Notes: Summary To our knowledge no comparative studies investigating patients' acceptance of different MR systems have been published. We therefore studied a number of subjective criteria to evaluate both patients' acceptance of and subjective conditions during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. MRI studies were performed using four separate systems. Two were conventional body MR systems operating at 1.0 or 1.5 Tesla, another was a 0.2 Tesla open whole-body MR system, and the last was a 0.2 Tesla MR system dedicated to the study of extremities. Forty patients for each MR system (total of 160 patients) participated in a standardized, written interview focusing on aspects of their subjective condition, including their perception and acceptance of different factors relevant to the study on respective MR systems. The patients' subjective condition and acceptance was predominantly positive for all MR systems. Differences between MR systems were noted with respect to noise, width of patient gantry, comfort of patient positioning and degree of well-being. Such differences, however, do not lend preference to the use of one particular type of MR system. Therefore, the choice of MR system should be based on the technical features required for the intended studies.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words MRI • Low-field • MRI • Dedicated • Diagnostic imaging • Hand • Wrist ; Schlüsselwörter MRT • Niederfeld-MRT • Hand • Handgelenk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Untersuchung war die Bestimmung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit eines dedizierten MRT-Niederfeldsystems (0,2 Tesla, Esaote, Genua, Italien) bei Untersuchungen von Hand und Handgelenk. 1996 wurden an unserem Institut insgesamt 308 Untersuchungen an einem dedizierten Niederfeld-MRT-System durchgeführt. Zusatzuntersuchungen am Hochfeld-MR-Tomographen (Magnetom Impact, 1,0 Tesla oder Magnetom Vision, 1,5 Tesla, Siemens AG, Erlangen) wurden bei 36 Fällen ergänzt. 64 (21 %) der Fälle wurden operativ behandelt. Die MR-tomographisch gestellten Diagnosen wurden mit den operativ erhobenen Befunden korreliert. 90 % aller mit dem Niederfeld-MRT-System durchgeführten Untersuchungen klärten die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose: Bei 62 % aller Patienten wurde die klinische Fragestellung beantwortet, bei weiteren 26 % zusätzliche Pathologien identifiziert. 2 % der durch die Niederfeld-MRT gestellten Diagnosen wichen vollständig von der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose ab. Das Hochfeld-MRT (n = 36) lieferte im Vergleich zum dedizierten Niederfeld-MRT-System bei 6 Patienten diagnostische Zusatzinformationen. Bei 3 Patienten überschritt die Pathologie das „field-of-view“ des dedizierten Systems, und eine Hochfelduntersuchung wurde ergänzt. Bei weiteren 3 Patienten lieferten eine höher auflösende Matrix und die frequenz-selektive Fettunterdrückung, die dem Niederfeldsystem fehlt, zusätzliche diagnostische Information. Das Niederfeld-MRT ist eine wertvolle Hilfe bei der weiterführenden Diagnostik von Handgelenk und Hand. Knöcherne, Band- und Sehnenpathologien können zuverlässig abgeklärt werden. Große oder infiltrativ wachsende Tumoren sollten dem Hochfeld-MRT vorbehalten bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of a low field dedicated MRI system in hand and wrist imaging. All 308 exams of the hand and wrist, that were performed on a low-field dedicated MRI system (Artoscan, Esaote Biomedica, Italy) in our institution in 1996, and high-field MRI exams performed in addition as part of the diagnostic work-up, were evaluated and correlated to final operative (n = 64) and histologic (n = 12) reports. 90 % of all low-field MRI scans stated a diagnosis according to clinical suspicion. In 62 % the clinical question was answered, and in 26 % additional pathologies were identified. An MR-diagnosis completely different from the clinical suspicion was stated in 2 %. High field exams contributed additional information in 6 of 36 patients. In 3 patients a tumor was not shown completely in the limited field-of-view of the dedicated low-field MRI-system. Frequency-selective fat-suppression pulse sequences and a better spatial resolution were the reasons for the additional information obtained in the other three patients. Low-field dedicated MR-imaging is a valuable method in the extensive work-up of the hand and wrist. Osseous, ligamentous and tendinous pathologies are well depicted. Large or infiltrative tumors should be referred to a high-field system.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Systemic sclerosis • Scleroderma • MRI ; low field • Contrast • Contrast ; dynamics ; Schlüsselwörter Systemische Sklerodermie • Sklerodermie • MRT • MRI ; Niederfeld-MRT • Kontrastmittel • Kontrastmitteldynamik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung der Arbeit war die Quantifizierung der Entzündungsreaktion der Haut bei an systemischer Sklerodermie erkrankten Patienten mittels kontrastverstärkter MRT. Material und Methoden. In einer Vorstudie mit 6 Patienten wurden die Sequenzen eines dedizierten Niederfeldmagnetresonanztomographen (Artoscan, Esaote, Genua, Italien) für den Kontrastmittelnachweis (0,1 mmol/l Gd-DTPA i. v.) optimiert. Basierend auf dieser Sequenzoptimierung wurden 17 Patienten mit systemischer Sklerodermie (7 Patienten mit sklerosierender/ 10 mit aktiv-ödematöser Erkrankung) mit einer 3D GRE-Sequenz mit Gradientenspoiler untersucht (FA 90 °, TR 100 ms, TE 18 ms). Kontrast-zu-Rausch-Verhältnisse (CNR) von nativen und kontrastverstärkten statischen (6 min) und dynamischen (über 6 min, 6mal 1 min) Sequenzen ermöglichten die Quantifizierung der Anreicherung der Kutis. Patienten in der chronischen Phase mit Sklerodaktylie und der ödematösen Phase der systemischen Sklerose sowie eine alterskorrelierten Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) wurden getrennt ausgewertet und verglichen. Ergebnisse. Kontrast-zu-Rausch-Verhältnisse von nativen im Vergleich zu kontrastverstärkten Sequenzen zeigten eine signifikant stärkere Anreicherung bei Patienten mit aktiv-ödematöser Erkrankung im Vergleich zu Patienten in der sklerosierenden Phase der Erkrankung (86 ± 16 % und 29 ± 3 %, p 〈 0,05) und im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe 4 ± 2 %, p 〈 0,05). Die dynamische Untersuchung zeigte einen signifikant langsameren Abfall des Kurvenverlaufs nach dem Maximum in der ersten Minute bei Patienten mit aktiv-ödematöser (CNR: 15,4 ± 0,7 auf 14,2 ± 1,4) im Vergleich zur chronisch-sklerosierenden Erkrankung (CNR: 14,1 ± 0,5 auf 11,3 ± 0,9, p 〈 0,05). Diskussion. Die wahrscheinlichste Erklärung für die verstärkte Anreicherung bei Patienten mit aktiver Sklerodermie ist das kapilläre „Leakage“. Mit Hilfe von Sequenzen, die intravenöses Kontrastmittel hochsensitiv nachweisen, könnten zukünftig Krankheitsstadium und Therapieerfolge bei systemischer Sklerodermie dokumentiert werden.
    Notes: Purpose. To estimate disease activity in patients with systemic sclerosis using contrast-enhanced MRI of the skin. Material and Methods. In a pre-study, sequences of a low-field (0.2 T) scanner (Artoscan, Esaote, Genova, Italy) were optimized for detection of intravenous contrast (0.1 mmol/l Gd-DTPA) in six patients with the autoimmune disease systemic scleroderma. Based on the results of the pre-study, 17 patients with scleroderma (7 sclerotic/10 active inflammatory disease) were scanned using gradient-spoiled 3D GRE sequences (FA 90 °, TR 100 ms, TE 18 ms), which had been established as most sensitive for intravenous contrast. Contrast enhancement of the skin was determined quantitatively by contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR), comparing post- to pre-contrast and dynamic scans (for 6 min, 1 acquisition/min). Patients in the chronic state with sclerodactylia and active inflammation of the hands were considered separately and compared to a control group (n = 10) matched according to age. Results. CNR increase after intravenous contrast was significantly higher in patients with active disease (86 ± 16 % increase) than sclerosing disease (29 ± 3 %, p 〈 0.05) and the control group (4 ± 2 %, p 〈 0.05). The dynamic examination showed a significantly slower decrease after the peak rise in the first minute in patients with active disease (CNR 15.4 ± 0.7 to 14.2 ± 1.4) than in those with chronic disease (14.1 ± 0.5 to 11.3 ± 0.9, p 〈 0.05). Discussion. Capillary leakage is the most likely explanation for the increased enhancement in patients with active scleroderma. Using sequences optimized for contrast detection, disease activity in the course of scleroderma and response to therapy can be determined by MRI in the future.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Elbow injuries ; Tendon injuries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR imaging findings of the common extensor tendon in patients with lateral epicondylitis and asymptomatic volunteers studied on a 0.2-T dedicated system. In 23 patients (age range 29–58 years, mean age 47 years) with clinical symptoms of lateral epicondylitis MR imaging was performed using T1-, T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. In addition, the elbows of seven healthy volunteers (age range 22–29 years, mean age 25 years) and the symptom-free contralateral elbow of 11 of the 23 patients (age range 29–58 years, mean age 47 years) were studied as controls. Five patients were surgically treated after the MR examination and the results of histopathology were correlated with MR findings. Of the patients, 95.6 % showed intratendinous signal intensity changes on T1-weighted images on the symptomatic side. In 69.6 % signal alterations were observed on T2-weighted sequences and in 56.5 % an intratendinous contrast enhancement was present. Histopathology showed fibrovascular proliferation and fatty degeneration in patients with distinct signal intensity changes and contrast enhancement. Patients with only minor signal intensity changes on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and no contrast enhancement demonstrated fibrosclerotic degeneration and intratendinous cartilage formation in histopathology. The contralateral elbow showed signal intensity changes in 6 of 11 (54.5 %) cases on T1-weighted images and in 3 of 11 (27.3 %) on T2-weighted images. In the group of healthy volunteers minor signal intensity changes of the common extensor tendon could be seen in only 1 case. In patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow the type and extent of pathologic changes within the common extensor tendon can be evaluated using a dedicated low-field MR system. On the basis of MR imaging findings a more specified therapy planning among the variety of treatment modalities can be achieved.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1451-1456 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Computers ; Radiology reporting systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the recognition rate, learning potential and amount of time needed to complete a report with the Philips speech recognition system SP 6000 (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). Four radiologists dictated reports of interventional radiology, MRI examinations of the musculoskeletal system and CT examinations of the thorax and abdomen with the Philips system using the German language. The recognition rate of each report and improvement rate after each learning phase of the Philips system was assessed. The time needed to complete a report using the Philips system was then compared with the time needed to complete a report using the tape-based system via a time analysis. The average recognition rate for the four radiologists using the Philips system was 79.6 %, which improved to 92.5 % after the third adaptation. Initially, the average time demand to dictate and correct one report was approximately 16.8 min, but this time decreased to 8.1 min after the third adaptation. In contrast, only 3.6 min were needed to dictate and correct one report using the tape-based system. However, with the speech recognition system, dictation, correction and transcription of the report can be completed within 15 min, whereas with the tape-based system, it takes nearly 1 day. With the Philips system, speech recognition can reach as high as 95 % since each adaptation of the system improves the recognition rate by approximately 5 %. While the Philips system is associated with longer dictation times than the tape-based system, turn-around time for a complete report is substantially shorter with the Philips system than the tape-based system.
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