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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularity demonstrated by doppler ultrasound and immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (1996)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 40 (1996), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast neoplasms ; angiogenesis ; vascularity ; proliferation ; prognosis ; thermography ; ultrasound ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Vascularity is an important determinant of a tumour's ability to grow and disseminate. Breast tumour vascularity can be determined with doppler ultrasound (US) and by counting the vessels microscopically (microvascular density — MVD). The biologic characteristics of tumours based on their vascularity have not been extensively studied. Method Preoperative US was performed on 207 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas (IDC). MVD was assessed immunohistochemically using polyclonal antisera against factor VIII and the proliferation rate was measured with Ki-67 polyclonal antisera. Histologic tumour characteristics and oestrogen receptor (ER) status were determined. Thermography was performed on 174 of the patients. Results Twenty-five percent of IDC demonstrated US-vascularity. US-vascular tumours were more likely to be node positive, and had a higher mitotic rate than avascular cancers. US-vascularity was more common in tumours with MVD greater than 80 vessels/250x field than those with fewer vessels. The proliferation rate, histologic grade III, and nuclear grade III were higher and ER positivity lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. US-vascular cancers were associated with significantly more thermographic abnormalities. The cancer recurrence rate at three years was higher in patients with vascular cancers although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion US appears to be a simple, non-invasive method of identifying vascular cancers associated with factors indicating a poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular interstitial clearance, tumour vascularity, other prognostic factors and breast cancer survival (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 42 (1997), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: angiogenesis ; breast cancer ; lymphatics ; oncogenes ; prognosis ; vascularity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Clearance of large molecules from the interstitialspace is an important function of lymphatics andis affected by local pathologic changes.Objective: To determine if the clearance rate ofinterstitially injected albumin is correlated to tumour characteristicsand outcome in women with invasive breast cancer.Method: In a consecutive series of women comingto biopsy for suspected breast cancer, technetium-tagged albuminwas injected into the tissue adjacent to thepalpable mass. The isotope disappearance rate was measuredover two hours. Also assessed were the maximumvessel density (MVD – using Factor VIII polyclonalantisera), the proliferation rate (using Ki-67 antisera), nodestatus, tumour size, histologic and nuclear grade, mitoticrate, and p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins. All patientswere followed until relapse and for a minimumof 10 years.Results: In multivariate analysis, an association between relapse-freesurvival and isotope clearance rate was suggested (p= 0.024). The best outcome was seen inpatients with the least isotope clearance. Node status,size, histologic and nuclear grade, and mitotic ratecorrelated with survival. MVD did not correlate withsurvival and was inversely related to the isotopeclearance rate. Tumour proliferation rate, and the c-erbB-2and p53 oncoproteins did not relate to outcome.Conclusion: The role of lymphatics in breast canceris difficult to study. Measurement of interstitial clearancemay be a useful technique and could bea prognostic factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005749825449
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammographic density changes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: is effect of hormone replacement therapy predictable? (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: density ; hormone replacement therapy ; mammography ; menopause ; risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BackgroundMammographic density adversely affects diagnostic accuracy and may be a risk factor for breast cancer. Mammographic density is affected by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). ObjectiveTo assess mammographic density in postmenopausal women with and without HRT. MethodPart I. Mammographic density was determined in 1232 postmenopausal women attending a breast screening clinic. Density was compared between HRT users and nonusers in three age groups. When available, previous mammograms were assessed for interval density change. Part II. Density change in 162 women during transition from premenopause to postmenopause was recorded. HRT effect was assessed. ResultsPart I. There was no density difference between postmenopausal HRT-users and nonusers younger than age 55. Thereafter, the density was significantly less in nonusers. In the majority of HRT-users the density remained at pretreatment levels but density increased in 8% of women after HRT was started. Part II. Of 117 HRT nonusers followed over menopause 38% had a density decrease before age 55. Of those started on HRT, 80% had no density change, 18% decreased density and 2% increased density. ConclusionsThe density decreases significantly after age 55 with the greatest change occurring between age 55 and 64. This decrease does not occur in the majority of HRT-users. Usually HRT maintains the density present at the time HRT is started. Density decreases after HRT is started in some women suggesting refractoriness to hormones. In fewer than 8% of women density increases commensurate with HRT. Any adverse effect of HRT may depend on the receptivity of the epithelial elements which, in turn, may be reflected by the mammographic density at the time HRT is started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006326432340
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liarozole Fumarate (R85246): In the Treatment of ER Negative, Tamoxifen Refractory or Chemotherapy Resistant Postmenopausal Metastatic Breast Cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 64 (2000), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: aromatase inhibitor ; hormone independent ; liarozole ; metastatic breast cancer ; RAMBA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three phase II studies were conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of liarozole fumarate (R85246; liarozole), a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) and aromatase inhibitor. Additionally, animal experiments in the MNU-induced rat mammary tumor model and in immature ovariectomized rats were conducted to further elucidate liarozole's mechanisms of action. Patients were postmenopausal with either: ER negative disease in first relapse (Group 1; n = 16); ER positive or unknown disease refractory to tamoxifen (Group 2; n = 16); ER positive, negative or unknown disease resistant or refractory to chemotherapy (Group 3; n = 27). Treatment was liarozole (150–300 mg) twice daily orally until disease progression. Response rates were: 25% in group 1 (95% CI 11.0–52.3%; median duration (MD) 20 months; range 2–36.5); 25% in group 2 (95% CI 11.0–52.3%; MD 6.5 months; range 3.5–38); 11% in group 3 (95% CI 4.2–29.2%; MD 7 months; range 3–8.5). No significant improvement in quality of life scores (FLI-C) was noted. Toxicities observed were predominantly dermatological (skin disorders: 88%; dry mouth/eyes/lips: 69%). Plasma estradiol decreased from mean pre-treatment levels of 72.7 pM (9.1–1839 pM) to below detection (9.2 pM) after 1 month. Liarozole, but not vorozole, partially inhibited estradiol induced uterine hypertrophy and demonstrated dose-dependent anti-tumor effects in the rats, only partially overcome by coadministration of estradiol. The clinical responses observed, together with our preclinical results, confirm liarozole's dual mechanism of action and provide a rationale for further evaluation of RAMBAs in the treatment of breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006480504790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical reaction to human milk fat globule antibodies and breast cancer differentiation (1992)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 23 (1992), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; differentiation ; immunohistochemistry ; milk fat globule antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical studies of human breast cancers using human milk fat globule (HMFG) antibodies are divergent regarding the association with histologic differentiation. To clarify this association 392 tumors were assessed using two antibodies, HMFG-1 and HMFG-2. In half the tumors studied the tissue reaction to both antibodies was the same and in 63% the site of reaction was identical. Using both univariate and multivariate statistics, a highly significant association was recorded between membrane staining and well differentiated cancers and cytoplasmic staining and poor differentiation. Well differentiated tumors contained significantly more reactive cells. Complementing these findings was the association between age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and estrogen receptor status and differentiation. It is possible that immunohistochemical analysis with HMFG antibodies will provide better characterization of tumor differentiation than morphologic interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831478
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical reaction to human milk fat globule antibodies in node-negative and node-positive breast cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 21 (1992), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; human milk fat globule antibodies ; immunohistochemistry ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The status of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer is important prognostically but does not identify all patients who will have long or short survival. To determine if the immunohistochemical reaction of tumor cells to human milk fat globule (HMFG) antibodies will define prognosis more specifically, we examined patients with node-negative disease and patients with more than three positive nodes, the extremes of the prognostic spectrum. In both node-negative and node-positive groups, patients who relapsed were matched by age at diagnosis, tumor size, histologic type, and receptor status, with patients who remained disease-free for a minimum of 48 months. Patients with poor survival had a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cancers. The ability to generate antigens recognized by HMFG antibodies was decreased in patients with recurrent disease, but this was significant only in patients with node-positive tumors. Tumors of patients who remained disease-free were more likely to have a pattern of membrane staining, while cytoplasmic staining was more frequent in those who relapsed. The results suggest that immunohistologic response to HMFG antibodies may assist in identifying cancers with poor prognosis, supplementing the prediction derived from node status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975002
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