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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular monitoring and characterization of the faecal microbiota of healthy dogs during fructan supplementation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 249 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The large intestine of dogs contains a complex microbial ecosystem with predominance of streptococci, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Bacteroides and Clostridium. Generally, this predominant microbiota in dogs is relatively stable in time but much less is known about its taxonomic composition. Moreover, almost no studies have been conducted to investigate this stability of the faecal microbial population in dogs upon prebiotic administration. The objective of the present study was to monitor possible changes in faecal microbiota of seven healthy adult dogs related to the administration of two fructans, oligofructose and inulin. For this purpose, population fingerprints generated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of universal V3 16 S rRNA gene PCR amplicons were compared between control (baseline) samples and samples collected after prebiotic feeding. From these DGGE gels, marked changes were observed in the faecal microbiota between subjects and before and after fructan administration. One DGGE band that appeared or intensified after fructan intake was further analyzed. Sequence analysis could attribute this band to a member of the Streptococcus bovis–equinus group. Following cultivation on MRS medium, a set of faecal isolates that most likely represent the stimulated streptococci were allocated to the species Streptococcus lutetiensis by (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting and partial 16 S rRNA and sodA gene sequencing. The data provided in this study demonstrate the ability of fructans to influence the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota in healthy dogs. More work is needed to unravel the relevance of S. lutetiensis or other autochthonous organisms of the dog gut as target groups for prebiotic supplementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of (GTG)5-PCR for identification of Enterococcus spp. (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 247 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of reference strains and a group of previously unidentified enterococci were analysed by rep-PCR with the (GTG)5 primer to evaluate the discriminatory power and suitability of this method for typing and identification of enterococcal species. A total of 49 strains representing all validly described species were obtained from bacterial collections. For more extensive evaluation of this identification approach 112 well-defined and identified enterococci isolated from bryndza cheese were tested. The (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting assigned all strains into well-differentiated clusters representing individual species. Subsequently, a group including 44 unidentified enterococci isolated from surface waters was analysed to evaluate this method for identification of unknown isolates. Obtained band patterns allowed us to identify all the strains clearly to the species level. This study proved that rep-PCR with (GTG)5 primer is a reliable and fast method for species identification of enterococci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.04.030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Moroccan soft white cheese (Jben) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 251 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bacterial diversity occurring in traditional Moroccan soft white cheese, produced in eight different regions in Morocco, was studied. A total of 164 lactic acid bacteria were isolated, purified and identified by whole-cell protein fingerprinting and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. The majority of the strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Enterococcus. Sixteen species were identified: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Eterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus saccharominimus and Streptococcus sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro conjugal transfer of tetracycline resistance from Lactobacillus isolates to other Gram-positive bacteria (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 225 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ability of 14 Lactobacillus strains, isolated from fermented dry sausages, to transfer tetracycline resistance encoded by tet(M) through conjugation was examined using filter mating experiments. Seven out of 14 tetracycline-resistant Lactobacillus isolates were able to transfer in vitro this resistance to Enterococcus faecalis at frequencies ranging from 10−4 to 10−6 transconjugants per recipient. Two of these strains could also transfer their resistance to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, whereas no conjugal transfer to a Staphylococcus aureus recipient was found. These data suggest that meat lactobacilli might be reservoir organisms for acquired resistance genes that can be spread to other lactic acid bacteria. In order to assess the risk of this potential hazard, the magnitude of transfer along the food chain merits further research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00505-6
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal stability analysis of the microbiota in human feces by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using universal and group-specific 16S rRNA gene primers (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 48 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: According to the current insights, the predominant bacterial community in human feces is considered to be stable and unique for each individual over a prolonged period of time. In this study, the temporal stability of both the predominant population and a number of specific subpopulations of the fecal microbiota of four healthy volunteers was monitored for 6–12 weeks. For this purpose, a combination of different universal (V3 and V6–V8) and genus- or group-specific (targeting the Bacteroides fragilis subgroup, the genera Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus and the Lactobacillus group, which also comprises the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Weisella) 16S rRNA gene primers was used. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyze the 16S rRNA gene amplicons generating population fingerprints which were compared visually and by numerical analysis. DGGE profiles generated by universal primers were relatively stable over a three-month period and these profiles were grouped by numerical analysis in subject-specific clusters. In contrast, the genus- and group-specific primers yielded profiles with varying degrees of temporal stability. The Bacteroides fragilis subgroup and Bifidobacterium populations remained relatively stable which was also reflected by subject-specific profile clustering. The Lactobacillus group showed considerable variation even within a two-week period and resulted in complete loss of subject-grouping. The Enterococcus population was detectable by DGGE analysis in only half of the samples. In conclusion, numerical analysis of 16S rRNA gene-DGGE profiles clearly indicates that the predominant fecal microbiota is host-specific and relatively stable over a prolonged time period. However, some subpopulations tended to show temporal variations (e.g., the Lactobacillus group) whereas other autochthonous groups (e.g., the bifidobacteria and the Bacteroides fragilis subgroup) did not undergo major population shifts in time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of rep-PCR fingerprinting for identification of Lactobacillus species (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 205 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements fingerprinting using the (GTG)5 primer ((GTG)5-PCR) was proven to be useful for differentiation of a wide range of lactobacilli (i.e. 26 different (sub)species) at the species, subspecies and potentially up to the strain level. Using this rapid and reproducible genotypic technique, new Lactobacillus isolates recovered from different types of fermented dry sausage could be reliable identified at the (sub)species level. In conclusion, (GTG)5-PCR was found to be a promising genotypic tool for rapid and reliable speciation and typing of lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria important in food-fermentation industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10921.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum to “16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and inter- and intrageneric relationships of Xanthomonas species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia” (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 155 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb13883.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) methodology for the genotypic discrimination of Aeromonas taxa (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 177 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) fingerprinting assay is evaluated for its ability to differentiate DNA hybridization groups in the genus Aeromonas. After empirical determination of optimal assay conditions using a limited set of strains, 98 well-characterized type and reference strains encompassing all known Aeromonas taxa were subjected to FAFLP fingerprinting using the standardized protocol. The present study clearly indicates that the use of fluorescent dye-labeled primers does not significantly affect the high capacity of this technique to differentiate among genotypically closely related Aeromonas taxa. Compared to the original AFLP protocol involving the application of radio-isotopes, the new FAFLP technology offers a better performance when considering speed of analysis and user safety. On the other hand, FAFLP fingerprints exhibited a significant reduction in the relative number of bands compared to the corresponding autoradiographic patterns. In our hands, the omission of the preselective amplification step and the use of a size standard mix enhanced the cost effectiveness and the reproducibility of the technique. Cluster analysis of FAFLP band patterns generated from Aeromonas type and reference strains demonstrated once more the high correlation of AFLP-generated data with DNA-DNA homology data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13717.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems: ecology and significance for human health (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In contrast to the notorious pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae, the majority of the mycobacterial species described to date are generally not considered as obligate human pathogens. The natural reservoirs of these non-primary pathogenic mycobacteria include aquatic and terrestrial environments. Under certain circumstances, e.g., skin lesions, pulmonary or immune dysfunctions and chronic diseases, these environmental mycobacteria (EM) may cause disease. EM such as M. avium, M. kansasii, and M. xenopi have frequently been isolated from drinking water and hospital water distribution systems. Biofilm formation, amoeba-associated lifestyle, and resistance to chlorine have been recognized as important factors that contribute to the survival, colonization and persistence of EM in water distribution systems. Although the presence of EM in tap water has been linked to nosocomial infections and pseudo-infections, it remains unclear if these EM provide a health risk for immunocompromised people, in particular AIDS patients. In this regard, control strategies based on maintenance of an effective disinfectant residual and low concentration of nutrients have been proposed to keep EM numbers to a minimum in water distribution systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1462399403005908
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA of the cytoplasmic bacterium Wolbachia from the novel host Folsomia candida (Hexapoda, Collembola) and its implications for wolbachial taxonomy (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 180 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Wolbachia pipientis are intracellular, transovarially inherited α-Proteobacteria in invertebrates. Four major Wolbachia groups exist: A, B (contained in divergent arthropods), C and D (harbored by Nematoda). By means of transmission electron microscopy, we observed Wolbachia-like bacteria in a primitive insect, Folsomia candida (Hexapoda, Collembola, Isotomidae). 16S rDNA analysis proved them to constitute a novel lineage, henceforth named group E, in the wolbachial phylogenetic tree. It shares 97.8% 16S rDNA homology with its nearest neighbors, groups A and B, which diverged from it more recently. We propose (i) a new taxon E for the Wolbachia strain in F. candida, (ii) that the single-described Wolbachia pipientis fall apart into at least three species: C, D and the large E-A-B complex. F. candida's group E Wolbachia rekindle the question about invasive capacities of free-living ancestral wolbachiae and horizontal transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08807.x
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