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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-component sex attractant for males of the geometrid moth Alsophila quadripunctata (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila quadripunctata ; Geometridae ; sex attractant ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (6Z,9Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die binäre Mischung der Kohlenwasserstoffe (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Nonadecatrien [ZZZ3,6,9-19:H] und (6Z,9Z)-6,9-Nonadecadien [ZZ6,9-19:H] in den Verhältnissen 1:1 bis 1:0.01 erwies sich im Freiland als Sexuallockstoff für Männchen von Alsophila quadripunctata (Geometridae, Lepidoptera). Dabei besaß die 1:1-Mischung die beste Fängigkeit, das Nonadecatrien allein lockte schlechter, während das C19-Alkadien unwirksam war. Ein Dosiswirksamkeitstest ergab bei Köderbeladungen von 1.8 mg (Trien:Dien + 1:0.8) die besten Fangergebnisse. Im Verlauf der Untersuchungen wurden weitere zwölf geometrische-oder positionsisomere C19-Polyenkohlenwasserstoffe getestet, wobei keine der geprüften Verbindungen Attraktant-oder Inhibitorwirkung zeigte.
    Notes: Abstract The binary mixture of the hydrocarbons (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene and (6Z,9Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene is a sex attractant for males of Alsophila quadripunctata Esp. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Triene/diene ratios from 1:1 to 1:0.01 attracted males in the field, the ratios 1:1 and 1:0.7 were most effective. The triene on its own also attracted males, but in significantly lower numbers than the 1:1 mixture. In a dosage test the highest dose, 1800 μg of 1:0.8 [triene:diene] mixture applied to rubber caps was most effective. This is the first report of a geometrid sex attractant with field activity containing more than one component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185660
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the female currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis: Identification and field evaluation (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate ; Synanthedon tipuliformis ; currant borer ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienylacetat und (Z)-13-Octadecenylacetat wurden in Ovipositor-Extrakten des Johannisbeerglasflüglers Synanthedon tipuliformis kapillar-gaschromatographisch nachgewiesen. Die Strukturen wurden mittels Gaschromatographisch-Massenspektrometrie bestätigt. Das Verhältnis Dien/Monoen im Extrakt betrug 93:7. Mischungen der beiden Komponenten wie auch (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienylacetat allein lockten im Freiland Männchen dieser Glasflüglerart an.
    Notes: Abstract (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate have been identified from the ovipositor extracts of the currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck), by capillary GC, and the structures were verified by GC-MS. The diene/monoene ratio in the extract was found to be 93:7. Mixtures of these two compounds as well as the diene alone attracted conspecific males in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414499
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological and chemical analysis of sex pheromone communication system of the mottled umber,Erannis defoliaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1887-1897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Erannis defoliaria (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; sex pheromone ; identification ; electroantennogram ; single sensillum ; peripheral inhibitor ; Agriopis marginaria ; Colotois pennaria ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–19Hy) and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene (Z3,Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy) were identified in pheromone gland extracts from femaleErannis defoliaria. The two components were found in a 1∶3 ratio, with the main component,Z3,Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy present at an amount of about 1.5 ng per female. The components were identified by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography-single sensillum recordings. Single sensillum measurements on the male antenna showed two physiological types of sensilla. One type was characterized by a large spike amplitude cell responding toZ3,Z9-cis-6,7-epoxy-19Hy and a small spike amplitude cell responding toZ3,Z6,Z9–19Hy. A second type responded only with a large spike amplitude cell to the epoxide, and this cell was inhibited by the triene. Of the two pheromone components, the epoxide gave the higher response in the EAG tests. Preliminary field tests support the identification of the pheromone components. The epoxide was also found to be present in the extract of the pheromone gland ofColotois pennaria, and males ofC. pennaria andAgriopis marginaria were trapped by the mixture of the identified compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel type of sex pheromone structure identified fromStigmella malella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stigmella malella ; Stigmella crataegella ; Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) melanoptera ; Lepidoptera ; Nepticulidae ; sex pheromone ; (S)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (S)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (R)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (R)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Short-chain unsaturated chiral methyl carbinols are identified as a new class of lepidopteran pheromone components. The natural female-produced pheromone of the banded apple pigmyStigmella malella (=Nepticula malella) (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) was identified to be a mixture of (S)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol and (S)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol. For monitoring traps, a 10:3E:Z blend at 100–1000 µg is recommended. It is suggested that pheromones with similar structures may be specific to Nepticulidae and other related microlepidopteran families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033659
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field attraction ofAgrotis segetum males in four european countries to mixtures containing three homologous acetates (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-5-Decenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; moth ; Agrotis (Scotia) segetum ; Meristis trigrammica ; Hoplodrina alsines ; Erastria trabealis ; Euxoa nigricans ; Lepidoptera Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-5-Decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate were tested as single compounds and blends for field attraction to the turnip moth in Denmark, France, Hungary, and Switzerland. Best attraction was obtained when all three components were present. Attractants for other noctuids are described, e.g.,Meristis trigrammica, Hoplodrina alsines, Erastria trabealis, Euxoa nigricans, Axylia putris, andAutographa gamma, which were caught with some of the components and their blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988044
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone variation among eastern European and a western Asian population of the turnip mothAgrotis segetum (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1611-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-5-decenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; population variation ; olfactory receptors ; single sensillum response ; gas chromatography ; field trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female sex pheromone composition and the male electro-physiological response with respect to the three main sex pheromone components, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, were investigated in populations ofAgrotis segetum from Armenia and Bulgaria. The percentage composition of the female-produced pheromone was 1∶52∶47 and 1∶42∶57 for the respective populations. Corresponding male receptor frequencies were 9∶90∶1 and 6∶92∶2. EAG response profiles of the male antennae were similar for the two populations. The populations from Armenia and Bulgaria differed from the earlier investigated French and Swedish populations, which have larger amounts of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate in gland extracts and have a majority of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate-sensitive receptors. Investigation of receptor frequencies on antennae of male Hungarian moths showed that individuals could be classified as either Swedish or Armenian/Bulgarian type. Males of the Swedish type were preferentially attracted to the three-component pheromone blend, whereas blends of (Z)-7-dodecenyl and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenol [pure or in mixture with (Z)-5-decenol] attracted the Armenian/Bulgarian type. The nature of pheromone variation among European and Asian populations of the turnip moth and possible mechanisms maintaining the variation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014094
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone differences between sibling taxaDiachrysia chrysitis (linnaeus, 1758) andD. tutti (Kostrowicki, 1961) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 91-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Diachrysia chrysitis ; Diachrysia tutti ; pheromones ; sibling taxa ; electroantennographic responses ; biosynthesis ; cross-attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The noctuid sibling taxaDiachrysia chrysitis s. str. andD. tutti, of yet uncertain taxonomic status, have previously been shown to possess differences in morphology and to be attracted to different mixtures of the two presumed pheromone components (Z)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-decenyl acetate. TypicalD. tutti males (clearly broken forewing marking) are known to respond to a 2: 100 mixture of the two isomers, whereasD. chrysitis males (unbroken marking) are attracted to a 100: 10 mixture. We investigated female pheromone production and male electroantennographic (EAG) response inDiachrysia families raised in the laboratory from field-collected gravid females. Extracts of individual females from typicalD. tutti andD. chrysitis families were subjected to gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection. All females produced mixtures of Z5- and Z7-10:OAc, but femaleD. chrysitis produced predominantly Z5-10:OAc and the antennae of their brothers responded more strongly to the Z5 peak than to the Z7-10:OAc peak, whereas the opposite was true forD. tutti families. The pheromone components were shown to be biosynthesized from hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acid, respectively by Z11-desaturation followed by chain shortening, reduction, and acetylation. The EAG responses of males trapped with the typicalD. tutti andD. chrysitis blends, as well as with an intermediate blend, were investigated. Males trapped with theD. tutti mixture almost exclusively had a clearly broken wing marking and showed strongest EAG response to Z7-10:OAc. The intermediate blend and theD. chrysitis mixture gave more mixed catches, but with a prevalence of males with an unbroken (or almost unbroken) wing marking and with a higher mean response to Z5-10:OAc. Some males with typicalD. tutti EAG responses were attracted in the field to theD. chrysitis pheromone. In the flight tunnel someD. chrysitis males were attracted also to theD. tutti mixture. This indicates that cross attraction may take place between the two taxa under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065993
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-(E)-nonen-1-ol: Male attractant for chafersAnomala vitis Fabr. andA. dubia Scop. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2481-2487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anomala vitis ; Anomala dubia ; chafer ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Melolonthidae ; Rutelinae ; attractant ; 2-(E)-nonen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Traps baited with 2-(E)-nonen-1-ol alone or in combination with other compounds caught large numbers of males of both the vine chafer,Anomala vitis Fabr. and the margined vine chafer,A. dubia Scop. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), vineyard and orchard pests. In a dosage test, the largest numbers were caught by traps baited with 10 mg of 2-(E)-nonen-1-ol, which was the highest dosage tested. This is the first report on male attractants for chafer species occurring in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036185
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of male turnip mothsAgrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to sex pheromone components and their mixtures at 11 sites in Europe, Asia, and Africa (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1337-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; field trapping ; (Z)-5-decenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; geographical population variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Selected combinations of (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetates, the pheromone components of the turnip mothAgrotis Segetum were tested for field attractancy at six, two, and three sites in Europe, Asia, and Africa, respectively. At all of the sites in Eurasia and in northern Africa the ternary mixture of the acetates captured most males, while at the sites south of the Sahara in Africa, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate alone was responsible for attraction. Differences in male attraction among the populations studied confirm the existence of significant population variation in the pheromone ofA. segetum. Interpretation of the present results together with earlier studies suggests that this variation is more or less continuous in Eurasia and north Africa, while a clearly distinct pheromone type is present in the areas south of the Sahara desert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994360
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