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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54 (1996), S. 399-402 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Condensation process of pentaerythritol / phtalic-anhydride/ benzoic acid/synthetic fatty acid mixture was carried out according to two different schedules; the first was carried out in one step (I) at 210 °C, the other in two steps (II) feeding pentaerythritol into the mixture of the other components already preheated to 180 °C and then elevating the temperature to 210 °C. GPC chromatograms were taken during the process. It has been established that fractions with higher molecular mass are formed from fractions with lower molecular mass. It could be proved with a three-detector method that they become chemically homogeneous starting from molecular masses of about 10 000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 20 (1988), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (BADGE) reacts with aliphatic alcohols to form different products, depending on the type of accelerator. Using isothermal and dynamic DSC, magnesium perchlorate proved to be a more selective accelerator in comparison with N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA). In the presence of DMBA, Arrhenius plots of log tc (tc-cure times) versus inverse cure temperature show a changing reaction order over a wide range of temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Ansammlung von als inaktiv angenommenen „Dimeren“ und „Trimeren“ sowie der Verbrauch von aktiven Spezies mit der Reaktionszeit im säurekatalysierten Furfurylalkohol (FA)/Formaldehyd (F) System wurde durch GPC-Technik unter Anwendung eines Doppeldetektors bewiesen.Ein Reaktionsmechanismus wurde für den Kondensationsprozeß vorgeschlagen, der einige Widersprüche der bisherigen Untersuchungen erklären kann.
    Notes: Accumulation of “dimers” and “trimers” considered to be inactive and consumption of active ones with reaction time in furfuryl-alcohol (FA)/formaldehyde (F) acid catalyzed condensation system was proved by GPC technique using double detector.A reaction mechanism was proposed for the condensation process explaining some contradictions of investigations collected so far.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 241 (1996), S. 57-66 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In der frühen Phase der Polykondensation von mit Metallacetaten (Me2+(ac)2) katalysierten Phenol/Formaldehyd(Ph/F)-Systemen ist die Bildung von 2-Hydroxybenzylalkohol (2-OH-BA) in schwach saurem Medium und in Gegenwart des Katalysators selektiv. Die Konzentrationsänderung des 2-OH-BA und seines Hemiformals (HF) wurde durch GPC als Funktion des pH-Wertes des Systems und der Katalysatorkonzentration verfolgt und erwies sich als unabhängig von dem Metallatom des Katalysators, aber abhängig vom pH-Wert des Mediums und von der Katalysatorkonzentration. Eine extrem hohe Katalysatorkonzentration verursachte keine weitere Zunahme der Bruttogeschwindigkeit der 2-OH-BA-Bildung. 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen zeigten, daß bei höheren Umsätzen und in Gegenwart des Me2+(ac)2-Katalysators vorwiegend o-o′-Ar—CH2—Ar Ar-Isomeren anstelle der o,p′- und p,p′-Isomeren genbildet werden. Novolak-Harze mit überwiegend o,o′-Diphenylmethan-Strukturen sind hitzebeständing bis 400°C und lassen sich ohne Hexamethylentetramin (HEXA) vernetzen.
    Notes: In an early stage of the polycondensation of phenol/formaldehyde (Ph/F) systems catalyzed by bivalent metal acetates (Me2+(ac)2), 2-hydroxy-benzylalcohol (2-OH-BA) formation was selective in the weak acidic medium and only in the presence of the catalyst. The concentration change in 2-OH-BA and its hemiformal (HF) was followed by GPC as a function of the pH value of the system and the catalyst concentration and was found to be independent of the type of metal used in the catalyst but dependent on the pH value of the medium and on the catalyst concentration. An extremely high catalyst concentration does not cause further increase in the overall rate of 2-OH-BA formation. It was proved by 1H NMR that at higher conversion and in the presence of Me2+(ac)2 catalyst, the o-o′-Ar—CH2—Ar isomers are dominating over o, p′ and p,p′ ones. Novolacs with overwhelming o-diphenylmethane structures are thermally stable up to 400°C and can be crosslinked without hexamethylenetetramine (HEXA).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 215 (1994), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Herstellungsbedingungen von Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harzen wurden mit dem Ziel untersucht, die Formaldehyd-Emissionen durch Beeinflussung des Verhäaltnisses von Methylenbräucken zu Dimethylenetherbräucken im Produkt zu reduzieren. Dieses Verhäaltnis häangt entscheidend vom pH-Wert der Reaktionsmischung und dessen Konstanz ab. Die in industriellen Formaldehydläosungen unvermeidliche Ameisensäaure wurde durch ein neuartiges Puffersystem aus Borsäaure und Ethylenglykol neutralisiert.
    Notes: The conditions of the preparation of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) resins have been supervised with the aim to reduce formaldehyde emission by influencing the ratio of methylene/dimethylene-ether-bridge linkages in the product.The most crucial point of this task is to keep the pH values of the reacting mixtures on the required level. The effect of formic acid, unevitably present in industrial formaldehyde solutions, was neutralized by applying a new buffer system, containing boric acid and ethylene glycol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 209 (1993), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mittels Peakzuordnung wurden Ultrastyragel-Säulen für die Gelpermeations-Chromatographie von Polyimid-Siloxan-Additionscopolymeren kalibriert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß für Proben mit Molmassen größer als 1 000 g mol-1 in guter Näherung eine Kalibrierung mit Polystyrol-Standards verwendet werden kann.
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography calibration of ultra-styragel columns for additive polyimide-siloxane copolymers was developed using peak assignments. The results show that polystyrene (PS) calibration can be used with good approximation for the samples of molar masses higher than 1000 g mol-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 107 (1982), S. 61-73 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Anfangsstadium der mit Phosphorsäure katalysierten Polykondensationsreaktion von Furfurylalkohol und Formaldehyd wurde untersucht. Die Bruttokinetik von Furfurylalkohol und Formaldehyd verbrauchenden Reaktionen wurde bei verschiedener Ausgangszusammensetzung der Monomeren und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen mit Hilfe analytischer und physikalischer (GPC) Methoden untersucht. Ein brauchbares NMR-Verfahren wurde für die quantitative Bestimmung der Methylen-und Methylenether-Bindungen in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen entwickelt.
    Notes: The initial stage of the phosphoric acid-catalyzed polycondensation reaction of furfuryl alcohol and formaldehyde was studied. The overall kinetics of monomer-consuming reactions were investigated in dependence of the initial monomer ratio and the temperature by analytical and physical (GPC) methods. A Suitable NMR technique was developed to determine the quantitative change in methylene and methylene ether linkages formed under different reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Anfangsstadium der mit Phosphorsäure katalysierten Autokondensationsreaktion von Furfurylalkohol (FA) wurde untersucht im Vergleich zur Polykondensationsreaktion von Furfurylalkohol-Formaldehyd (F)-Systemen, mit besonderer Hinsicht auf die Dimer-bildenden und -verbrauchenden Reaktionen bei verschiedenen Bedingungen. Zur Bestimmung der Veränderung der Dimer-Konzentration wurde ein GPC-Verfahren mit gleichzeitiger Messung von Brechungsindex und UV-Absorption mit verschiedenen Filtern entwickelt.
    Notes: The initial stage of the phosphoric acid catalyzed autocondensation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) was studied in comparison with the FA-formaldehyde (F) system with special respect to formation and consumption reactions of dimers under different reaction conditions. A GPC method using simultaneously refractive index and UV absorption detectors with filters of different wavelength was developed to follow the concentration change of dimers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1223-1232 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study was made on the AIBN-initiated polymerization of styrene in benzene and dimethyl formamide at 50°C. The overall rate and the rate of initiation of the polymerization were determined and the number-average and weight-average molecular weights of the polymers formed were measured. The decrease in the rate and degree of polymerization with the decrease in styrene concentration was caused by the corresponding decreases in the rate constants of chain propagation and initiation steps. In the systems studied no chain transfer process occurred with an experimentally measurable rate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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