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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Complexins are presynaptic proteins whose functional roles in synaptic transmission are still unclear. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, complexins are distributed throughout the cell bodies, dendrites and axons, whereas synaptotagmin I and synaptobrevin/VAMP-2, essential proteins for neurotransmitter release, accumulated in the synaptic-releasing sites as early as 1 week in culture. With a maturation of synapses in vitro, complexins also accumulated in the synaptic release sites and co-localized with synaptotagmin I and synaptobrevin/VAMP-2 after 3–4 weeks in culture. Complexins I and II were expressed in more than 90 and 70% of the cultured neurons, respectively; however, they were largely distributed in different populations of synaptic terminals. In the developing rat brain, complexins were distributed in neuronal cell bodies in the early stage of postnatal development, but gradually accumulated in the synapse-enriched regions with development. In mature presynaptic neurons of Aplysia buccal ganglia, injection of anticomplexin II antibody caused a stimulation of neurotransmitter release. Injection of recombinant complexin II and αSNAP caused depression and facilitation of neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals, respectively. The effect of complexin was reversed by a subsequent injection of recombinant αSNAP, and vice versa. These results suggest that complexins are not essential but have some regulatory roles in neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals of mature neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Microsatellite instability ; Telomere ; Telomerase ; Colorectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Two pathways have been proposed for the development of colorectal cancers: loss of heterozygosity and replication error. Colorectal cancers arising through the replication error pathway, like most hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers, show microsatellite instability. It has been also reported that telomere shortening frequently occurs in colorectal cancers and that telomerase is often activated strongly in them. The aim of this study was to examine whether any relationships can be found among microsatellite instability, telomere length, and telomerase activity in colorectal cancers. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from 55 invasive cancers and corresponding normal mucosas. Five microsatellite loci were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Telomere length was examined by Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was assayed by telomeric repeat amplification protocol with minor modifications. RESULTS: Microsatellite instability was found in 8 (14.5 percent) of 55 tumors, and all of them showed short telomeres. Furthermore, four high-frequency microsatellite instability tumors that showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci exhibited remarkably short telomeres. The microsatellite instability correlated significantly with frequency of telomere shortening (P=0.0183; Fisher's exact probability test), but not with strength of telomerase activity. CONCLUSION: The relationship identified by this study between microsatellite instability and telomere shortening might suggest some association between the DNA mismatch repair system and the telomere maintenance mechanism in colorectal cancers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: PTEN ; Cowden disease ; Gingival papilloma ; Esophageal papilloma ; Juvenile polyp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE:PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for mutations which are responsible for Cowden disease. Recently, it has been shown thatPTEN is mutated in several human neoplasms. To investigate the role ofPTEN in tumorigenesis, we screened its mutation in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal polyposis and various sporadic tumors. METHODS: The entire coding region ofPTEN was screened by single strand conformational polymorphism or direct sequencing for somatic mutations in 16 gingival papillomas, 4 juvenile polyps, 10 esophageal papillomas, and 20 colorectal cancers and for germline mutations in three patients with Cowden disease (including one with Lhermitte-Duclos disease) and one patient each with juvenile polyposis syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. RESULTS: Germline mutations were found in all cases of Cowden disease. One mutation was a nonsense mutation at codon 130 (CGA→TGA), and the other two were splice site mutations at the 5′ site of intron 4 and the 3′ site of intron 8. We could not detect germline mutations in other patients with gastrointestinal polyposis or somatic mutations in sporadic tumors. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed previous reports that germline mutations inPTEN are responsible for Cowden disease. However, somatic mutations ofPTEN may not play a major role in tumorigenesis, at least in colorectal cancers, esophageal papillomas and gingival papillomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 641-648 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trente-trois spécimens de carcinome gastrique humain ont été transplantés chez la souris nue. La “prise” initiale de la tumeur a été obtenue dans 15/ 33 cas et 45.5% des tumeurs sont transplantables. La possibilité de transplantation est en rapport avec le type histologique, mais pas avec le stade clinique ni avec la classification de Borrmann. Les carcinomes différenciés (adénocarcinome tubulaire bien ou modérément différencié, adénocarcinome papillaire) se transplantent mieux que les tumeurs peu différenciées (adénocarcinome peu différencié, adénocarcinome mucineux). Le mode de croissance des tumeurs transplantées a été classé en 3 groupes: rapide, lent et stationnaire. Il n'y a pas de relation spécifique entre mode de croissance et type histologique. Tous les cancers, quel que soit le type histologique à l'exception des tumeurs de Krukenberg, ont pu être transplantés en série. Après transplantation en série, la croissance des tumeurs devient rapide. Pourtant l'aspect histologique de départ reste inchangé. Aucune invasion, aucune métastase n'ont été observées. L'injection intrapéritonéale de suspensions de cellules tumorales préparées à partir de transplants sous-cutanés d'adénocarcinomes peu différenciés de type Borrmann III donne une croissance avec production d'ascite, invasion régionale et métastases. L'ascite s'accumule en 3–6 semaines aprés l'innoculation. L'injection intraveineuse de liquide d'ascite chez la souris nue provoque le développement de métastases. L'histologie de la tumeur souscutanée est comparable aux aspects de la tumeur originale prélevée chez le malade.
    Notes: Abstract A total of 33 specimens of human gastric carcinoma were used for transplantation into nude mice. Initial tumor “take” was accomplished in 15 of the 33 tumors, and the transportability rate was 45.5%. Transplantability correlated with histologic type, but not with clinical stage or Borrmann's classification. The transplantability rate of differentiated carcinomas, such as well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma was greater than that of poorly differentiated tumors, such as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The growth patterns of transplanted tumors were divided into 3 types: rapid, slow, and persistent. There were no specific relationships between growth pattern and histologic type. All histologic types, except signet ring cell carcinoma, could be transplanted serially. Tumor growth became rapid after serial transfer. However, the original histology of these tumors was unchanged. No invasion or metastases were encountered. Intraperitoneal injection of a tumor cell suspension, prepared from subcutaneous transplants of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of Borrmann type III, grew in an ascites form, with invasion and metastasis. Ascitic fluid accumulated within 3–6 weeks after injection. Subsequently, intravenous injection of ascites fluid produced metastases in nude mice. The histology of the subcutaneous tumor was similar to that of the original tumor from the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 24-25 (Sept. 2005), p. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cross-cultural gerontology 8 (1993), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 1573-0719
    Keywords: case management ; terminal care ; home health care ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the costs of terminal care in Japan revealed that the last month of life accounted for almost one-third of the costs incurred by patients during the entire preceding 10 months. In order to reduce the costs of terminal care and raise the level of care provided in the community two groups, an urban group led by Dr. Sato and a rural group led by Dr. Asai, developed innovative approaches for providing community care to terminal cancer (and other) patients. Three case studies illustrate the way the terminal stages of illness are managed under these new approaches. The authors conclude by proposing several reforms to improve the delivery of care to the terminally ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 613-633 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For 8 carboxy and hydroxy functional acrylic copolymers crosslinked with melamine resin, glass transition temperature (Tg), molecular weight of chain segments between crosslinked point (Mc), and polymer-solvent interaction parameters (χg ) were determined by dynamic mechanical measurements and swelling measurements. Tg increases and Mc decreases with the increase of hydroxyl value and the molecular weight of acrylic copolymers. Tg decreases and Mc increases with the increase of alkyl chain length of acrylate in acrylic copolymers. The film hardness, Tg and polarity of methyl methacrylate (MMA) containing acrylic-melamine-cured films are higher than those of styrene-containing acrylic-melamine-cured films, but both films are almost the same in the degree of crosslinking (maximum loss tangent, tan δmax, and Mc). Tg increases and Mc decreases with the increase of melamine resin content for acrylic-melamine coatings. The cured film consists of the acrylic-melamine segments and the melamine-melamine segments at crosslinking points. The carboxy group enhances the crosslinking reactions at low temperatures. All films crosslinked have single glass transition temperatures and broad damping peaks, which show good compatibility. The values of χg of acrylic copolymer-melamine films in polar and nonpolar solvents depend on the polarity of acrylic composition and the degree of crosslinking. χg values of carboxy functional acrylic-melamine film in any solvents are smaller than that of carboxy and hydroxy functional acrylic-melamine film. χg values of MMA-containing acrylic-melamine film in polar solvents are smaller than those of styrene-containing acrylic-melamine film, but χg values of MMA-containing acrylic-melamine film in nonpolar solvents are larger than those of styrene-containing acrylic-melamine film. χg values of acrylic-melamine film in polar and nonpolar solvents increase with the increase of alkyl chain length of acrylate. The χg values of acrylic-melamine coatings in toluene are less than 0.3 and smaller than those of alkyd coatings.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2847-2866 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cohesive energy densities (ced) of five unsaturated polyester resins with varying degree of crosslinks were determined by swelling measurements in 17 single solvents and 11 binary solvents of the acetone-benzene system. The solubility parameters (δP) of these resins were calculated by six methods. It is concluded that the values of δp for the unsaturated polyester resins decrease with increasing degree of crosslinks. Since the unsaturated polyester resin consists of polar and nonpolar parts in molecular structure, the choice of solvents is very important in order to obtain the maximum degree of swelling when δp is estimated by swelling measurements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Radiation-induced bulk polymerization of ethylene was carried out with use of a pilot plant with a 10 liter reactor at pressures of 225-400 kg/cm2, temperatures of 30-95°C, ethylene feed rates of 5-28 kg/hr, and dose rate of 3.8 × 105 rad/hr. Characteristics of the process are mild polymerization conditions and capability of producing medium density polyethylene in powder form. The spacetime yield and molecular weight of polymer were in the range of 3.5 to 13.1 g/liter hr and 2.2 × 104 to 14 × 104, respectively. The space-time yield increased with mean residence time and 2.4 powders of pressure, and decreased with temperature. Molecular weight changed similarly with the reaction conditions. These results were consistent with those of the bench plant experiment and the scale effect was small. Polymer deposit to the reactor wall limited a period of continuous operation of the plant. The amount of deposited polymer was increased with the square of reaction time. The rate of polymer deposit was proportional to polymer concentration and to the cube of pressure. The polymer deposit cannot be solved in the bulk process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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