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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The UBiT-100 13CO2 Infrared Analyzer: Comparison Between Infrared Spectrometric Analysis and Mass Spectrometric Analysis (1998)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 3 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the 13C-urea breath test is the most accurate noninvasive method for detecting the presence of H. pylori infection, the requirement for an expensive mass spectrometer to analyze breath samples has prevented physicians from providing rapid results near the patient. Recently, a new type of infrared spectrometric analyzer, the UBiT-100, was developed for analyzing 13CO2 in breath. The purpose of this study is to compare results analyzed by the UBiT-100 to those analyzed by the mass spectrometric method.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods.Four hundred and fifty-three subjects participated in this study. Breath samples were collected before administration of 100~mg of 13C-urea and at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60~min after administration. Subjects were asked to hold their breath for 10~sec and then exhale in order to collect breath samples containing more than a 2% concentration of CO2. Samples were then analyzed by both methods.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.The correlation analysis using values at 20~min after the administration of the study drug (433 points) was excellent with the regression equation of Y~=~1.034x − 0.203;r~=~.996. The results of the UBiT-100 were available in 6~min, making the entire testing procedure less than 30~min.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions.The UBiT-100 infrared analyzer provides a simple and accurate method of performing the urea breath test while the patient is still in the doctor's office.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.1998.08046.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Usefulness of Urine-based Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Helicobacter pylori: A Collaborative Study in Nine Medical Institutions in Japan (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. A urine-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for detection of antibody to Helicobacter pylori has been developed in Japan. Urine samples can be obtained noninvasively and are easier and safer to handle than are serum samples. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of this urine-based ELISA kit.Materials and Methods. A pair of random, single-void urine and serum samples was collected from each of 1,061 subjects, including 238 patients with gastroduodenal disease. The sensitivity and specificity of the urine-based ELISA was compared with those of three commercially available serum-based ELISA kits. For those patients with gastroduodenal disease, the urine- and serum-based ELISA results were also compared with those for other diagnostic methods using endoscopic biopsy specimens, such as culture, histology, and rapid urease tests.Results. Based on the three serum-based ELISA results, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the urine-based ELISA were 97.7%, 95.6%, and 96.8%, respectively. On the basis of the biopsy test results, the sensitivity (96.2%), specificity (78.9%), and accuracy (91.0%) of the urine-based ELISA were almost equivalent or superior to all three serum-based ELISAs tested. In addition, 10 of the 12 false-positive cases for urine-based ELISA were confirmed to be true positives for antibodies to H. pylori by Western blot analysis and inhibition ELISA.Conclusions. The urine-based ELISA (URINELISA H. pylori Antibody) is very accurate and should be useful as an alternative to serum-based ELISAs for screening of H. pylori infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2000.00017.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural alterations in cardiac muscle of diabetic BB Wistar rats (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Diabetes ; BB rat ; Myocardium ; Loss of myofilament ; Contraction band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiac muscle of BB Wistar rats suffering from diabetes for 8 and 16 weeks (8-Wk and 16-Wk of DM) were examined by light and electron microscopy. The diabetic rats were kept alive by injections of small doses of insulin and exhibited severe hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss. The heart/body weight ratio of all diabetic groups was greater than that of age matched controls. Over the experimental period, the left ventricular myocardium of the diabetic BB rats sustained damage that was progressively more serious with the duration of the diabetic state. In BB rats after 8-wk of diabetes the myocardium contained large numbers of lipid droplets and glycogen granules around mitochondria which showed patchy swelling, and slight loss of myofilaments. Disruption of mitochondrial membranes and extensive loss of myofilaments were seen in rats diabetic for 16 wk. In addition, dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum-transverse tubular system, formation of a contraction band and myelin bodies and widening of the intercellular space at the fasciae adherens of the intercalated disc were characteristically observed in BB rats after 16-wk of diabetes. However, there were no evident alterations in the capillaries of any diabetic BB rats. Morphometric analyses showed the volume percentage of myofibrils in diabetic rats to be significantly decreased when compared with controls. The loss of myofibrillar elements may be a primary damage induced by insulin deficiency. The formation of contraction bands suggests Ca2+ overload caused by diabetic metabolic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between glucocorticoid receptor and response to glucocorticoid therapy in ulcerative colitis (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. S54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis ; Glucocorticoid receptor ; Glucocorticoid resistance ; Wholecell binding assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between the glucocorticoid receptor and the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis, we investigated the number and apparent dissociation constant of glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with ulcerative colitis (5 who responded to intravenous glucocorticoids and 6 who did not) and ten control subjects were studied. The number and apparent dissociation constant of glucocorticoid receptor were measured using a whole-cell binding assay. Results were expressed as a median (interquartile range). RESULTS: The number of glucocorticoid receptors from the six nonresponders, five responders, and ten healthy controls were 4922 (range, 4484–5643), 3413 (range, 3183–4450), and 3610 (range, 2594–3979) binding sites/cell, respectively. The apparent dissociation constant of the glucocorticoid receptors from the nonresponders, responders, and healthy controls were 7.03 (range, 5.66–10), 4.27 (range, 4–5.13), and 6.18 (range, 5.86–6.74) nM, respectively. Nonresponders had a significant increase both in the number of binding sites and in the apparent dissociation constant compared with responders (P=0.045;P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The increased number and apparent dissociation constant of glucocorticoid receptor are closely associated with the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy. The measurement of the number and apparent dissociation constant of glucocorticoid receptor may be useful in predicting response to glucocorticoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02062021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between microsatellite instability and telomere shortening in colorectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Microsatellite instability ; Telomere ; Telomerase ; Colorectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Two pathways have been proposed for the development of colorectal cancers: loss of heterozygosity and replication error. Colorectal cancers arising through the replication error pathway, like most hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers, show microsatellite instability. It has been also reported that telomere shortening frequently occurs in colorectal cancers and that telomerase is often activated strongly in them. The aim of this study was to examine whether any relationships can be found among microsatellite instability, telomere length, and telomerase activity in colorectal cancers. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from 55 invasive cancers and corresponding normal mucosas. Five microsatellite loci were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Telomere length was examined by Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was assayed by telomeric repeat amplification protocol with minor modifications. RESULTS: Microsatellite instability was found in 8 (14.5 percent) of 55 tumors, and all of them showed short telomeres. Furthermore, four high-frequency microsatellite instability tumors that showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci exhibited remarkably short telomeres. The microsatellite instability correlated significantly with frequency of telomere shortening (P=0.0183; Fisher's exact probability test), but not with strength of telomerase activity. CONCLUSION: The relationship identified by this study between microsatellite instability and telomere shortening might suggest some association between the DNA mismatch repair system and the telomere maintenance mechanism in colorectal cancers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237220
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of thePTEN gene mutation in polyposis syndromes and sporadic gastrointestinal tumors in Japanese patients (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: PTEN ; Cowden disease ; Gingival papilloma ; Esophageal papilloma ; Juvenile polyp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE:PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for mutations which are responsible for Cowden disease. Recently, it has been shown thatPTEN is mutated in several human neoplasms. To investigate the role ofPTEN in tumorigenesis, we screened its mutation in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal polyposis and various sporadic tumors. METHODS: The entire coding region ofPTEN was screened by single strand conformational polymorphism or direct sequencing for somatic mutations in 16 gingival papillomas, 4 juvenile polyps, 10 esophageal papillomas, and 20 colorectal cancers and for germline mutations in three patients with Cowden disease (including one with Lhermitte-Duclos disease) and one patient each with juvenile polyposis syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. RESULTS: Germline mutations were found in all cases of Cowden disease. One mutation was a nonsense mutation at codon 130 (CGA→TGA), and the other two were splice site mutations at the 5′ site of intron 4 and the 3′ site of intron 8. We could not detect germline mutations in other patients with gastrointestinal polyposis or somatic mutations in sporadic tumors. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed previous reports that germline mutations inPTEN are responsible for Cowden disease. However, somatic mutations ofPTEN may not play a major role in tumorigenesis, at least in colorectal cancers, esophageal papillomas and gingival papillomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small duct cholangitis induced byn-formyll-methioninel-leucinel-tyrosine in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 29 (1994), S. 631-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: small duct cholangitis ; colitis ; bacteriaderived peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) frequently accompanies inflammatory bowel diseases. In an attempt to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of PSC, we studied bile duct changes in rats with colitis which had been givenn-formyll-methioninel-leucinel-tyrosine (fMLT) rectally; fMLT is one of the chemotactic peptides produced byEscherichia coli, and is secreted into the bile by hepatocytes after it enters the portal blood. Transrectal administration of fMLT induced a marked inflammation in the portal triad and mild hepatocyte necrosis on the 4th day. The infiltrating leukocytes in the portal tract were mostly mononuclear cells, which densely infiltrated around the bile ducts. These mononuclear cells appeared to attach to bile duct epithelial cells, and they were more numerous in the smaller bile ducts. Electron microscopy revealed that lymphocytes were in direct contact with bile duct lining cells and that some epithelial cells had degenerated or collapsed. These results suggest that thisE. coli-derived peptide may induce cholangitis in the small bile duct through cell-mediated mechanisms. Since these pathologic changes resemble those of the bile duct observed in the early stage of PSC, it can be concluded that bacterial chemotactic peptides may play a role in the pathogenesis of small-duct PSC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02365447
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-Idiotypic antibody production in hepatitis B vaccine recipients (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 29 (1994), S. 740-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: anti-idiotypic antibody ; HB vaccine ; ELISPOT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen and against anti-hepatitis B surface antigen idiotype were assayed after immunization with hepatitis B vaccine both in sera, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. After vaccination of 19 subjects, antibody to the idiotype of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in none of the sera tested with ELISA, but antiidiotypic antibody-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay in 4 (36.4%) of the 11 vaccine recipients who were positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen with ELISPOT assay. On the other hand, these cells were detected in none of those who remained seronegative for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, or in the 7 normal subjects or the 2 chronic hepatitis type C patients. These results suggest that anti-idiotypic antibody production is more sensitively detected by ELISPOT assay than by ELISA, and anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-hepatitis B surface antigen may be present in those with anti-hepatitis B surface antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349280
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiles of cytokines produced by CD4-positive T lymphocytes stimulated by anti-CD3 antibody in patients with chronic hepatitis C (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 33 (1998), S. 500-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: chronic hepatitis C ; INF-γ-producing Th cells ; IL-4-producing Th cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Helper T cells (Th) are classified as type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) according to the cytokines they produce; interferon-γ is produced by Th1, and interleukin-4 by Th2. We counted the circulating CD4-positive Th cells that produce interferon-γ or interleukin-4 with an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. CD4-positive T cells isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 10), chronic hepatitis C (n = 16), and healthy subjects (n = 10) were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody in vitro. The number of interferon-γ-producing Th cells was significantly lower in patients with chronic hepatitis C than in healthy subjects (P = 0.0024), whereas in patients with chronic hepatitis B, the number was similar to that in healthy subjects (P = 0.8530). The number of interleukin-4-producing Th cells was significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis C (P = 0.0010) and chronic hepatitis B (P = 0.0089) than in healthy subjects. In chronic hepatitis C, the number of interferon-γ-producing Th cells was increased after incubation of the cells with interferon-α (P = 0.008) or with recombinant interferon-γla (P = 0.024), but not with interferon-β (P = 0.051). The number of interleukin-4-producing Th cells was decreased after incubation with interferon-α (P = 0.0004), with interferon-β (P = 0.003), and with recombinant interferon-γla (P = 0.0004). Changes in the numbers of interferon-γ- or interleukin-4-producing Th cells in vitro were more evident in sustained responders to interferon therapy than in non-responders. These results suggest that Th2 cells are the predominant cell type in chronic hepatitis C, and that their activity may be suppressed by the administration of interferon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005350050122
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duodenal gastrinoma—clinical features and usefulness of selective arterial secretin injection test (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 33 (1998), S. 728-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: duodenal gastrinoma ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ; localization ; SASI test ; secretin test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Duodenal gastrinoma is recognized as a relatively common cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, but its clinical and biological features are not well known. Here we report a case of duodenal gastrinoma with lymph node metastasis which was confirmed by pathology examinations. Hypergastrinemia and gastric acid hypersecretion were documented, but the secretin test showed negative results. An enlarged peripancreatic lymph node lying close to the pancreas head was the only positive finding on preoperative imaging studies. The results of the selective arterial secretin injection (SASI) test suggested that the primary tumor was located in the gastrinoma triangle. Finally, surgical exploration was carried out and a submucosal tumor, approximately 15mm in size, was detected by intraoperative palpation at the posterior wall of the proximal portion of the duodenum. Intraoperative pathology examination demonstrated metastases to regional lymph nodes. The present case calls attention to the unique features of duodenal gastrinomas, which differ from those of pancreatic origin: a highly malignant potential for its small size, and submucosal location in the proximal duodenum. The SASI test is recommended for assessing the location of a primary lesion if it cannot be identified by various conventional imaging studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005350050163
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