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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)-DRB Genes and Polymorphisms in Common Marmoset (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 214-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus— New World monkey — DNA typing — PCR-SSCP — Preclinical animal model — Stem cell transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A New World monkey, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), will be used as a preclinical animal model to study the feasibility of cell and gene therapy targeting immunological and hematological disorders. For elucidating the immunogenetic background of common marmoset to further studies, in the present study, polymorphisms of MHC-DRB genes in this species were examined. Twenty-one Caja-DRB exon 2 alleles, including seven new ones, were detected by means of subcloning and the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) methods followed by nucleotide sequencing. Based on the alignment of these allele sequences, we designed two pairs of specific primers and established a PCR-SSCP method for DNA-based histocompatibility typing of the common marmoset. According to the family segregation data and phylogenetic analyses, we presumed that Caja-DRB alleles could be classified into five different loci. Southern blotting analysis also supported the existence of multiple DRB loci. The patterns of nucleotide substitutions suggests that positive selection operates in the antigen-recognition sites of Caja-DRB genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010083
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 in rhesus monkeys (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 41 (1997), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words CPT-11 ; Pharmacokinetics ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To examine the pharmacokinetic relationships between humans and monkeys, we studied the disposition of 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) and its active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), in rhesus monkeys. Methods: CPT-11 was administered to a total of six monkeys at doses of 3, 7, 15 and 25 mg/kg by intravenous infusion for 10 min and plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of CPT-11 determined. Results: Maximum plasma concentrations at 25 mg/kg reached around 10 000 ng/ml, and dropped to 500 ng/ml in 8 h. Plasma concentrations of SN-38 remained between 2 and 10 ng/ml. Mean values of systemic clearance, mean residence time and distribution volume at steady state, the major pharmacokinetic parameters for CPT-11, were 13.3 (ml/min per kg), 192 (min) and 2553 (ml/kg), respectively. The initial plasma concentration ratio of lactone to total CPT-11, 76%, declined to about 20% within 75 min, and the final ratio was about 40% at 8 h; the initial ratio of SN-38 was 72%, dropped to 34% within 70 min and finally recovered to 55% at 8 h. Conclusion: Comparison with human data revealed that systemic clearances of CPT-11 and the maximum AUC of SN-38 were not as different between humans and monkeys as between humans and mice, but the metabolic conversion of CPT-11 into SN-38 in monkeys was significantly lower than in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050715
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of delivery behavior in the rhesus monkey (1982)
    Springer
    Primates 23 (1982), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven deliveries of rhesus monkeys maintained in the laboratory were recorded by a video recorder system to determine the signs of impending labor. The characteristic postures; i.e., standing, squatting and crouching, were demonstrated in all cases with cyclic regularity (about 2–4 min) 35–210 min prior to the actual parturition, although prediction of the delivery date several days beforehand failed. The four stages of the delivery process are also presented in this report.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373971
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and estradiol-17β levels during pregnancy in the common marmoset,Callithrix jacchus (1989)
    Springer
    Primates 30 (1989), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Common marmoset ; Chorionic gonadotropin ; Progesterone ; Estradiol-17β ; Pregnancy ; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The serum levels of chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG), progesterone, and estradiol-17β were measured during pregnancy in the common marmoset. The gestation period in five females was 144±1.5 (141–145) days. The LH/CG level increased from the early stage of pregnancy, reached a maximum of 10–17 ng/ml at 50 to 70 days and decreased to under 40 pg/ml at about 100 days. The progesterone level maintained the same value as that at the luteal phase of 20–40 ng/ml until 90 days of pregnancy, when the serum LH/CG was declining, thereafter increased abruptly, reached a maximum of 140–210 ng/ml at 110–130 days and fell to a low level of under 0.4 ng/ml at 5–10 days before parturition. The estradiol-17β was less than 2 ng/ml until 90 days of pregnancy, thereafter increased abruptly and maintained a high level of 40–135 ng/ml until just before parturition. The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the placenta of the common marmoset was 40 times higher than that in the fetal adrenal, while in the Japanese monkey the former was only about one 40th of the latter. The time course of the serum progesterone and estradiol-17β during pregnancy and the role of the placenta which synthesized and secreted these hormones in the common marmoset showed a similarity to those of humans and anthropoid apes rather than those ofMacaca species. The common marmoset represents a valuable animal model for investigating the feto-placental unit in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum levels of prolactin during the ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) (1995)
    Springer
    Primates 36 (1995), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Common marmoset ; Prolactin ; Ovarian cycle ; Pregnancy ; Lactation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A homologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay developed for humans was used to measure serum prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol in common marmosets. In the ovarian cycle of common marmosets, serum progesterone began to increase after an estradiol surge, attained a peak level, and then declined before the ensuing pre-ovulatory rise in estradiol. During the luteal phase, the change in serum concentrations of estradiol was synchronized with that of progesterone. During the ovarian cycle there was no consistent change in serum prolactin concentrations. During the last 75 days of pregnancy the prolactin level was higher than during the ovarian cycle and the first 70 days of pregnancy. Moreover, during lactation, mothers with suckling twin infants had a higher prolactin level than during the final stage of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381350
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum LH, progesterone and estradiol-17β levels throughout the ovarian cycle, during the early stage of pregnancy and after the parturition and the abortion in the common marmoset,Callithrix jacchus (1987)
    Springer
    Primates 28 (1987), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Common marmoset ; LH ; Progesterone ; Estradiol-17β ; Ovarian cycle ; Parturition ; Abortion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the ovarian cycle of common marmosets, serum progesterone began to increase at two to three days after estradiol-17β or LH surge, attained a peak of 25–70 ng/ml and then declined to a level of under 2 ng/ml before the ensuing rise in estradiol-17β and LH. Serum estradiol-17β increased to 700–5,500 pg/ml during the luteal phase, synchronizing with progesterone. It is suggested that the corpus luteum secreted estradiol-17β as well as progesterone. The cycle length as determined from the interval between successive LH surges was approximately 28 days. During the luteal phase, the levels of progesterone and estradiol-17β were higher than in Old World monkeys and women, but marmosets were not accompanied by any clinical symptoms due to excessive progesterone and estradiol-17β. This suggests that such unresponsiveness to progesterone and estradiol-17β in marmosets reflects the small amount of estradiol-17β receptor and presumably also the lower function of the post receptor system. Recovery of the post-partum ovarian cycle in two marmosets differed from that observed in Old World monkeys and women. The first LH surge was found on the ninth and tenth day after parturition and the first ovulation led to the next pregnancy. This suggests that the suckling stimulus of newborns in the common marmoset does not cause any delay in recovery of the ovarian cycle. In three cases of abortion, the recovery of the ovarian cycle was almost the same as that in the case of normal parturition: the first LH surge appeared on the 10th, 14th, and 34th day after abortion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382572
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