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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in erythrocyte chloride content accompanying the changes in erythrocyte hydration and potassium content in normal human pregnancy: a comparison with pregnancy induced hypertension (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To determine whether the change in erythrocyte potassium content in normal human pregnancy is accompanied by a similar change in erythrocyte chloride content. To assess erythrocyte hydration and potassium and chloride content in pregnancies complicated by proteinuric pregnancy induced hypertension.Design A serial study during and after normal pregnancy. A comparative study during and after pregnancies complicated by proteinuric pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Erythrocyte hydration, total osmoles, potassium and chloride and plasma osmolality were determined.Setting University teaching hospital, UK.Subjects Twenty-eight women studied at 14, 28 and 36 weeks of normal pregnancy and ten women with PIH studied during the third trimester of pregnancy. All women were reinvestigated 20 weeks after delivery.Results The fall of erythrocyte potassium early in normal pregnancy (277.4 vs 265.2 mmol/kg; P〈0.02) and its rise between 28 and 36 weeks (272.3 vs 288.0 mmol/kg; P〈0.005) were accompanied by similar changes in erythrocyte chloride content (151.9 vs 131.1 mmol/kg; P〈0.001 and 129.4 vs 141.3 mmol/kg; P〈0.001, respectively). Plasma osmolality in PIH was raised above that normal in pregnancy (287.2 vs 283.0 mosm/kg; P〈0.005). In PIH, compared to normal pregnancy, erythrocyte hydration (2.00 vs 1.89 l/kg dry weight cells), total osmoles (573.0 vs 534.2 mosm/kg), potassium (303.0 vs 288.0 mmol/kg) and chloride (154.9 vs 141.3 mmol/kg) were greater.Conclusions These findings further support the hypothesis that changes in plasma osmolality in pregnancy are secondary to alterations in cell osmoles and serve to limit changes in cell hydration. Erythrocyte composition and plasma osmolality are altered in PIH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14238.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancy induced hypertension and sodium pump function in erythrocytes (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine if erythrocyte sodium pump function is altered with the onset of pregnancy induced hypertension.Design A prospective descriptive study.Subjects Thirty-two primigravid women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (17 had proteinuria) and 32 gestation-matched normotensive primigravid pregnant women were studied and measurements repeated 20 weeks after delivery.Intervention Erythrocyte sodium, ouabain-sensitive sodium flux and the sodium pump rate constant were measured in whole blood and the maximum velocity and sodium affinity of the sodium pump were measured in vitro.Results Blood pressure remained higher after delivery in the women who had been hypertensive during pregnancy. In normal pregnancy erythrocyte sodium was decreased, and ouabain-sensitive sodium flux, the sodium pump rate constant and maximum velocity (Vmax) were increased compared with 20 weeks after delivery. In pregnancy-induced hypertension erythrocyte sodium and sodium pump changes were the same as in normal pregnancy. The possibility of a positive association between changes in erythrocyte sodium and in blood pressure was excluded. The rate constant of the sodium pump in blood was related to its Vmax measured in vitro but the relation had greater variance in the hypertensives with 7 of the 32 women having rate constants greater than expected from their Vmax.Conclusion There was no evidence of sodium pump inhibition or a rise in intracellular sodium associated with increased blood pressure in pregnancy. There may have been stimulation of the sodium pump by a plasma factor in some hypertensive woman.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14410.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythrocyte hydration in normal human pregnancy (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To determine whether the fall in plasma osmolality in normal human pregnancy resulted in cellular overhydration.Design— The changes in erythrocyte hydration, potassium and total osmoles in response to a decrease in osmolality in vitro and associated with the fall in plasma osmolality in normal pregnancy were determined.Subjects— Fifty-one women were studied serially during pregnancy and again 20 weeks after delivery.Results— Erythrocytes from pregnant women exposed in vitro to a 29.9% osmolality decrement had a 28.5% increase in cell hydration. At 14 weeks gestation although plasma osmolality was lower than after delivery (281.1 vs 291.6 mosmol/kg; P 〈 0.01) both erythrocyte hydration (1.83 l/kg dry weight cells) and potassium (264 mmol/kg) contents were reduced from the nonpregnant values (1.88 l/kg; P 〈 0.001). For the remainder of pregnancy plasma osmolality remained at this lower level but cell hydration and potassium both increased to values at 38 weeks gestation that were greater than in the nonpregnant state (1.92 vs 1.88 1/kg; 287 vs 272 mmol/kg).Conclusions— These findings suggest that a loss of cell osmoles may be a primary event affecting cell hydration in pregnancy and plasma osmolality is then reduced to maintain normal cell hydration. Subsequent changes in cell hydration were led by changes in intracellular osmole content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15390.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The promotive effect on subsequent germination of treating imbibed celery seeds with high temperature before or during drying (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract High temperature (32°C) prevented germination of celery seeds even if given after 4 d of germination induction at 17°C in white light, but germination occurred if the seeds were then returned to 17°C. Celery seeds incubated for 3 d at 17°C in white light and then air-dried at 20°C germinated slowly when re-sown at 17°C in the light, achieving only 24% germination after 21 d. Exposure of such seeds to 32°C prior to and during drying resulted in 50% germination after 3.6 d at 17°C in white light, with no loss in viability, compared to 5.7 d for seeds not given a germination induction treatment. If celery seeds were dried rapidly germination was poor, an effect which could be overcome by high temperature treatment. It is suggested that the mechanism which imposes dormancy at 32°C also conditions the seed to withstand desiccation damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11587030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythrocyte ion and water balance and membrane potential in the puerperium of normal pregnancy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the balance of erythrocyte ions and water during the rapid changes in plasma osmolality in the early puerperium, and during the subsequent period of sustained readjustment.Design A serial study from the third trimester of pregnancy to 20 weeks after delivery.Participants Thirty-five primiparous women who had experienced no antenatal complications.Main Outcome Measures Plasma osmolality, erythrocyte hydration, potassium, chloride and sodium were measured and nondiffusible ion content and erythrocyte membrane potential calculated. Plasma sodium, potassium and chloride were also measured.Results During the first week after delivery plasma osmolality increased (280 (SEM 0.52)–289 (SEM 064) mosmol/kg; P 〈 0.001) but erythrocyte hydration did not decrease (2.060 (SEM 0.018)–2.067 (SEM 0.021) l/kg dry cells) because of an increase in total cell osmole content (577 (SEM 5.31)–597 (SEM 6.15) mosmol/kg dry cells; P= 0.001). This increase included nondiffusible anions, chloride and potassium. These changes in ionic balance did not affect membrane potential. After the first week of the puerperium and up to the 20th week, plasma osmolality was stable but erythrocyte osmole content and hydration both decreased. This was due to a decrease in nondiffusible anions and potassium with a smaller increase in chloride leading to a decrease in membrane potential (–14.31 (SEM 0.34) mV to −12.66 (SEM 0.28) mV; P 〈 0.001).Conclusions A rapid increase in intracellular osmoles can occur in the mature erythrocyte and probably precedes the decrease in plasma osmolality in the puerperium. Changes in erythrocyte homeostasis in the first week of the puerperium can be accounted for by alterations in nondiffusible anions. After the first week of the puerperium it appears that the functional organisation of the membrane is changing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09804.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungitoxicity of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and PGR/fungicide mixtures in soak treatments to Septoria apiicola pycnidiospores (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Mixtures of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA 4/7) and ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), applied as soak treatments at 20° C for 24 h, were toxic to pycnidiospores of Septoria apiicola on agar, apparently as a result of low pH of their solutions. Ultraviolet spectroscopy showed that the aqueous solubility of the fungicides benomyl and carbendazim increased significantly when buffered at low pH or mixed with aqueous solutions of GA 4/7 and ethephon. This resulted in greater quantities of 14C-labelled fungicides entering celery seeds imbibed in PGR/fungicide mixtures in comparison with fungicides alone.A 24-h seed soak at 20° C in a mixture of aqueous benomyl, GA 4/7 and ethephon eliminated S. apiicola in infected celery seeds. A thiram soak was also effective but PGR mixtures alone did not completely eliminate the pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01423.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Affecting the Use of Social and Health Services Among the Elderly (1981)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Ageing and society 1 (1981), S. 95-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-686X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Medicine , Sociology
    Notes: This study has systematically examined the use of health and social services among non-institutionalized elderly people according to the Andersen model which groups factors influencing use into predisposing, enabling and need variables. Need for service as evidenced by physical and psychological functioning was the most important predictor of use of physician services and hospitalization. Predisposing factors had the most effect on use of dental services. On the other hand, knowledge of services, an enabling factor, was most relevant to use of social services. Since this factor is manipulable to planned change, several program strategies were suggested for increasing awareness of social services particularly among the impaired elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X81000068
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Location of Cytokinins and Gibberellins in Wheat Seeds (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Yorkstar and Sirius) were cut transversely into embryoless and embryo-containing (embryonated) halves and the content of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins in both halves determined before and after the seeds imbibed water for 12–15 h at 22°C in the light. Dry seeds contained little ethyl acetate-extractable gibberellin activity as measured by bioassay but n-butanol-soluble cytokinins were detected mainly in the embryoless halves. Dry, embryonated half-seeds contained water-soluble gibberellins which could be extracted into acidic ethyl acetate after treatment of the aqueous extract with either alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase or a crude pectolytic enzyme preparation.When half-seeds were allowed to imbibe water for 12 h and then extracted, cytokinin activity was largely lost from the embryoless halves and completely from the embryonated halves and water-soluble gibberellins were also lost from the embryonated halves. However, ethyl acetate-soluble gibberellins were present in the latter suggesting that “bound’ gibberellins were released during imbibition. The hormones present in normal and naturally embryoless dry grains of cv. Yorkstar were also determined. Both gibberellin and cytokinin activity was higher in normal grains suggesting that the presence of an embryo is essential for synthesis or accumulation of these hormones in the grain during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01540.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on the Progeny of Applying Different Day Length and Hormone Treatments to Parent Plants of Lactuca scariola (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 34 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seedlings of the self-fertilizing species Lactuca scariola L. grown continuously in 8 h days did not flower even one year from sowing. Seedlings grown in 16 h days uatil flower buds appeared 96 days after germination were either transferred to 8 h days or treated weekly with gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) or chlormequat (CCC) and retained, together with untreated control plants, in 16 h days. Each growth regulator caused characteristic morphological changes in the treated plants. All these plants flowered and produced seeds but the seeds showed distinct differences in weight, in their time to germination and in the seedlings which they produced. Germination and seedling characters depended on the light regime during germination as well as on the chemical applied to the parent plant and the rate of application. The parental treatment also affected the shape and size of the seedlings on a given day after germination, and certain treatments of the parent plant (transfer from long to short days and treatment with CCC in long days) advanced the flowering date of the seedlings. The gibberellin level in the seeds was raised, in increasing order, by treatment of the parent plant with 100 mg/1 GA3, transfer from long to short days, 10 mg/1 GA3, and 5000 mg/l CCC. It is suggested that the effect of day length on plant performance is mediated by the level of growth regelating substances within the plant and that the behaviour of seeds can be modified by the parental environment via the accumulation of different levels of certain growth factors in the seeds. A rise of one growth substance in the parent plant can result in the accumulation of a different one in the seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb01851.x
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  • 10
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    BREAKING THE BISMARCKS BARRIER, AND ALEUTIANS, GILBERTS AND MARSHALLS (History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volumes VI and VII), by Samuel Eliot Morison (Book Review). (1952)
    Brunswick, Me., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    New England Quarterly. 25:1/4 (1952) 263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0028-4866
    Topics: English, American Studies
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1170-1952-001-00-000040
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