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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beraprost Sodium (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Cardiovascular drug reviews 6 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1527-3466
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3466.1988.tb00378.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Sino-atrial Node Transmembrane Potentials on Vagal Stimulation of the Isolated Rabbit Atrium (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 205 (1965), S. 808-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Albino rabbits, weighing 1.5?2.0 kg, were used for making the isolated vagus-atrial preparation following the technique described by Toda etal.3. Ringer?Locke solution of the following composition in mmole/1. was used: NaCl, 147; KC1, 5.4; NaHCO3, 14.9; CaCl2, 2.2; and dextrose, 5.6. The solution ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/205808a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications by stretches of the mechanical response of isolated cerebral and extracerebral arteries to vasoactive agents (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Length-tension relationship ; Cerebral arterial strip ; Contractile response to vasoactive agents ; Adenosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Length-tension relationship was compared in helically cut strips of canine cerebral, coronary, mesenteric, renal, and femoral arteries. Tension developed progressively by increasing the stretch; with the same strain, a greater passive tension developed in cerebral than in extracerebral arteries. The peak active tension developed by serotonin (cerebral, coronary), norepinephrine (mesenteric, renal and femoral) or K+ (coronary) was obtained at a resting tension of 1.5 g (other than coronary) or 2.0 g (coronary). Papaverine (10−4 M) caused a relaxation in cerebral arterial strips contracted with serotonin to a level lower than that prior to the addition of serotonin, the relexation from the initial level of tension being related directly to the stretch applied. The relaxing effect of adenosine was related directly to stretches of cerebral arterial strips. It seems likely that a rise of intra-arterial pressure effects a greater increase in the wall stiffness in cerebral than in extracerebral arteries. The responsiveness to vasoconstricting and vasodilating agents of both cerebral and extracerebral arteries appears to increase when the arteries are distended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585699
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potassium-induced relaxation in isolated cerebral arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2α (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 364 (1976), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebral arterial strip ; Potassium ; Relaxation ; Electrogenic Na+ pump
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In helically cut strips of canine cerebral arteries exposed to 5.4 mM [K+]o and contracted with prostaglandin F2α, the addition of K+ in concentrations ranging from 0.5–5 mM caused a dose-related relaxation. The relaxing effect of K+ was potentiated at reduced [K+]o and suppressed at reduced [Na+]o. Reduction of Cl− from bathing media failed to alter the effect of K+. Removal of external Ca2+ markedly attenuated the K+-induced relaxation and increase in [Ca2+]o also attenuated the relaxation. Similar relaxation was induced by K+ in cerebral arteries from other species including humans, puppies, cats and rabbits. The addition of K+ also elicited a relaxation in peripheral arteries, including coronary, femoral, mesenteric and renal, contracted with prostaglandin, but this relaxation was markedly less than in cerebral arteries. The content of Na+ in freshly excised cerebral arteries was significantly greater than that of peripheral arteries, while the content of K+ in these arteries was not significantly different. The present study provides further evidence to support the hypothesis that an electrogenic Na+ pump is involved in the genesis of K+-induced relaxation. The Na+ pump does not appear to be fully activated at normal [K+]o of 5.4 mM in cerebral arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581761
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological effects of potassium and calcium ions in the sino-atrial node in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation (1969)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 310 (1969), S. 45-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Potassium ; Calcium ; Action Potential ; S-A Node ; Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation ; Kalium ; Calcium ; Aktionspotential ; S-A-Knoten ; Sympathicusreizung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Rabbit's atria attached with functional sympathetic postganglionic nerves were used in the present study. Transmembrane potentials were recorded from single pacemaker fibers of the sino-atrial (S-A) node. 2. The maximal diastolic potential and the overshoot of action potentials varied inversely with [K+]0 and varied directly with [Ca++]0. The threshold potential was not affected by a rise in [Ca++]0. The depolarization time was a direct function of [K+]0. The rate of repolarization was not measurably affected by alterations of [K+]0. The early repolarization was slowed by a reduction of [Ca++]0 but accelerated by its elevation, whereas the late repolarization was accelerated by a reduction of [Ca++]0 but slowed by its elevation. 3. The steady state cycle length between pacemaker action potentials was increased in K+-poor, Ca++-poor and K+-rich solutions. The positive chronotropic response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was increased with decreasing [K+]0 and with increasing [Ca++]0. Magnesium ions increased the prestimulation cycle length, but did not affect considerably the positive chronotropic effect of the nerve stimulation. No changes in the prestimulation cycle length and the positive chronotropic effect were produced by an increase in osmotic pressure to 19.8 mM. 4. The gradient of slow depolarization during diastole was increased by cardiac noradrenaline, the increase being marked in K+-poor and Ca++-rich solutions. The action potential duration was increased by the amine at the highest [K+]0 used, but was decreased at low [Ca++]0. 5. It is suggested that the potentiation by a reduction of [K+]0 of the membrane effect and the positive chronotropic effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation results either from a potentiation of actions of cardiac noradrenaline on the K+-or Na+-permeability of the diastolic pacemaker membrane or from an inhibition of the uptake of noradrenaline by sympathetic nerve terminals. Modification of the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation by alterations of [Ca++]0 results in large part from the amount of noradrenaline release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586874
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and extraluminally-applied acetylcholine on the vascular tone or the response to transmural stimulation in dog isolated mesenteric arteries (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 341 (1990), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; EDRF ; Noradrenergic nerve stimulation ; Endothelium ; Mesenteric artery ; Prejunctional inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholine applied extraluminally to isolated, perfused dog mesenteric artery segments produced an endothelium-dependent depressor response when the perfusion pressure was raised by continuous infusion of noradrenaline; the potency was 1/30 to 1/60 that of intraluminal acetylcholine. Contractions induced by transmural electrical stimulation were attenuated by treatment with intra- and extraluminal acetylcholine; the inhibitory effect of intraluminal acetylcholine was greater than that of extraluminal acetylcholine. Removal of endothelium did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect. In mesenteric artery strips with endothelium, treatment with oxyhaemoglobin suppressed the relaxant response to acetylcholine but did not influence the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on stimulation-evoked contractions. Acetylcholine reduced the 3H-overflow and contraction of superfused mesenteric artery strips, preloaded with 3H-noradrenaline, response to transmural stimulation. By the use of bioassay (dog femoral artery segment with endothelium/coronary artery strip without endothelium), the release of EDRF was first determined in the perfusate, which was introduced to dog mesenteric artery strips loaded with 3H-noradrenaline. The 3H-overflow and contraction caused by the stimulation were not attenuated by EDRF and were also observed following treatment with superoxide dismutase. Inability of the perfusate to reduce the stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow was also observed when the donor and assay tissues were treated with superoxide dismutase. It may be concluded that the inhibition by acetylcholine of the release of neuronal noradrenaline is not dependent on endothelium, Extraluminally applied acetylcholine would reach the endothelium and release EDRF, and intraluminal acetylcholine is presumed to act directly on prejunctional muscarinic receptors; however, acetylcholine appears to cross the medial layer more efficiently from intima to adventitia than in the reverse direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195054
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the potentiating action of NG-nitro-l-arginine on the contraction of the dog temporal artery elicited by transmural stimulation of noradrenergic nerves (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: NG-nitro-l-arginine ; Dog temporal artery ; Nitric oxide ; Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission ; Vasodilatation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dog temporal artery strips without endothelium responded to transmural electrical stimulation with a contraction which was potentiated by NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). The noradrenaline-induced contraction and the release of 3H-noradrenaline were not affected. The stimulation-induced contraction was reversed to a relaxation by phentolamine. The relaxation was not influenced by timolol and atropine but inhibited by l-NNA; l-arginine abolished the inhibition. Transmural stimulation released NOx from the arteries, the release being abolished by l-NNA. Potentiation by l-NNA of the neurally-induced contraction appears to be due to elimination of NO produced by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vasodilator nerve activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168614
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the response to vasoconstrictor and dilator agents in isolated beagle coronary arteries (1987)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aging ; Coronary artery ; Serotonin ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses to vasoactive agents were compared in helical strips of coronary arteries isolated from beagles of 30 days, 3 months, 2 years and 12 years old. Serotonin contracted the arterial strips dose-dependently, the contraction being greater in the arteries of proximal portion than in the distal arteries. The contraction increases with age from 3 months to 12 years, although EC50 values did not differ. Angiotensin II contracted distal coronary arteries to a greater extent than the proximal ones. Age did not alter the peptide-induced contraction. In prostaglandin F2α-contracted coronary arteries, acetylcholine-induced relaxations, dependent on endothelium, were less in the arteries from senescent beagles than in those from adult beagles (2 years old). Histamine relaxed the infant beagle arteries to a lesser extent than the adult and senescent beagle arteries. Histamine-induced relaxations were attenuated selectively by cimetidine. Relaxations caused by adenosine and prostaglandin I2 did not differ in coronary arteries from beagles of different ages. It may be concluded that greater responsiveness to serotonin of senescent beagle coronary arteries is due preferentially to increased function of serotonergic receptors rather than impaired function of the arterial endothelium responsible for the release of relaxing factor(s), although some impairment of the function is supposed, on the basis of interferences with acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the aged beagle arteries. Histaminergic H2 receptor function appears to develop in beagle coronary arteries until 3 months of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172691
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