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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevation Of Striatal Interleukin-6 and Serum Corticosterone Contents In Mptp-Treated Mice (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Changes in the content of striatal interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and serum corticosterone in relation to deterioration of the dopaminergic system induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; a dopaminergic neurotoxin; 20 mg/kg i.p., four administrations/12 h) in C57BL/6J mice were investigated.2. Striatal dopamine, IL-1β, IL-6 and serum corticosterone were measured on days 1 and 7 post-MPTP.3. Dopamine depletion was more severe on day 7 than on day 1 post-treatment.4. Increases in IL-6 were observed on days 1 and 7 post-MPTP. The increase in striatal IL-6 content varied with the extent of dopamine depletion, although the IL-1β concentration remained unchanged compared with control values on days 1 and 7 post-treatment.5. Serum corticosterone was not different from control on day 1 post-MPTP. However, marked increases in the serum corticosterone were observed on day 7 post-treatment.6. These results suggest that changes in striatal IL-6 and serum corticosterone are closely associated with the severity of MPTP-induced dopaminergic degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03113.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEX- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN URINARY CONTENTS OF α1-MICROGLOBULIN AND ULINASTATIN IN MICE (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Using two murine strains, ICR/Jcl and senescence-accelerated-prone inbred mouse 1 (SAMP1), age-associated changes in urine indices (e.g. urine volume, creatinine contents, contents of α1-microglobulin (α1M) and ulinastatin (UT)) and the relation of urinary contents of α1M and UT were investigated.2. Sex-related differences in the indices were not observed in ICR nor in SAMP1 mice.3. Urine indices per 24 h of ICR mice at 6 and 14 months of age were higher than those at 3 months of age, although indices of SAMP1 mice did not change with ageing. Urinary contents of α1M and UT in ICR mice at 6 and 14 months of age were higher than those in SAMP1 mice. However, contents of α1M and UT expressed as the contents per creatinine did not differ between these two strains.4. In the relation between urinary contents of α1M and UT, a positive correlation was displayed both in ICR and SAMP1 mice, and the regression slope did not significantly differ with ageing in these two strains.5. These results suggest that ageing per se is not a factor which affects the relation of urinary contents of α1M and UT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03093.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC VASODILATION RESISTANT TO NG-NITRO-L-ARGININE IN ANAESTHETIZED RATS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (l-NNA; 20mg/kg bodyweight (BW), i.v.) and metyrapone (300 mg/kg BW, s.c.) on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced depressor responses were investigated in anaesthetized rats.2. Acetylcholine (0.05,0.5,5 μg/kg BW, i.v.) dose-dependently evoked a sharp fall in mean blood pressure (BP) followed by a slow recovery under control conditions.3. Basal BP level was elevated when rats were treated with l-NNA, indicating endogenous nitric oxide (NO) participated in BP regulation. However, pretreatment with l-NNA did not attenuate but rather augmented the ACh-induced maximum vasodilation. In contrast, the time for recovery of mean BP to the pre-ACh administration level was shortened by l-NNA. These observations suggested that ACh-induced vasodilation consisted of two phases: a sharp and transient fall (phase 1) that was resistant to l -NNA followed by a longer depressor response (phase 2) that was suppressed by l-NNA.4. To examine whether augmentation of phase 1 by l-NNA resulted from the elevation of basal BP, an appropriate dose of phenylephrine was infused to obtain similar BP elevation. Phenylephrine infusion augmented the phase 1 in a similar manner to l-NNA pretreatment but showed little effect on phase 2, supporting the selective inhibition of phase 2 by l-NNA.5. The s.c. pretreatment with metyrapone for 3 days failed to attenuate phase 1. Thus, the involvement of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor that could be formed by a metyrapone-sensitive oxidase in phase 1 was unlikely.6. These results suggest that some factor(s), which is not inhibitable by l-NNA or metyrapone, may induce the phase 1 depressor response to ACh while NO is responsible for the phase 2 response. The mechanism inducing the phase 1 response remains to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02244.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN AORTIC SENSITIVITY TO NORADRENALINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE IN RATS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma and tissue lipid levels and the effects of age on vascular responses to noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh).2. Studies were performed in young and aged rats and the response of endothelium-intact and -denuded aortic rings to NA and to ACh was measured. The plasma concentration of cholesterol (total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) and 17β-oestradiol was determined, as was the aortic tissue content of phospholipids, cGMP and cholesterol (total, free and esterified).3. Levels of all types of cholesterol in plasma and aorta increased with age; cholesterol levels in plasma correlated with those in the aorta; levels of phospholipid in the aorta did not increase with age but correlated with those of LDL cholesterol in plasma; levels of 17β-oestradiol did not change, but those of cGMP increased with age.4. In endothelium-intact rings, the maximum tension developed by exposure to NA did not change, but the EC50 of NA increased with age and correlated with total cholesterol in the plasma and with the levels of all types of cholesterol in the aorta. In rings precontracted with NA, age decreased the maximum relaxation induced by ACh. The EC50 of ACh decreased with age and was inversely correlated with levels of cholesterol in the plasma and aorta. Treatment with NA increased cGMP levels in aged rats. Removal of the endothelium abolished the response to ACh and heightened the sensitivity to NA in young and aged rats.5. Aortic endothelial cells seem to inhibit amine-induced contraction, while age-related changes in the levels of cholesterol in aortic tissue affect the sensitivity of the tissue to NA and ACh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02275.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF NG-M0N0METHYL-L-ARGININE ON THE MICROCIRCULATION OF RAT SKIN (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, on the microcirculation of rat dorsal skin were studied to examine the role of NO in the regulation of regional haemodynamics.2. The blood volume in the skin microcirculation, which was continuously measured by reflectance spectrophotometry, was significantly decreased in response to L-NMMA (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.v.), suggesting vasoconstriction, and the response continued for more than 20 min. In contrast, the increase in systemic blood pressure (BP) disappeared soon after administration of L-NMMA.3. These results show that L-NMMA elicits long-lasting responses in the skin microcirculation, whereas the systemic BP rapidly recovers, suggesting a large contribution of the NO system to the regulation of rat skin microcirculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01798.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH AN ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. To obtain information on regulation of the brain renin–angiotensin system, the effect of long-term administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on brain renin and angiotensinogen mRNA was studied.2. Spirapril (3 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for 8 weeks to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from 12 weeks after birth. Renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in the brain and kidney were then quantitated by Northern blot analyses with [32P]-labelled rat renin and angiotensinogen cDNA as hybridization probes. Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AII) concentration, plasma ACE activity and brain tissue ACE activity were also measured.3. Compared with the control group, the Spirapril-treated group had significantly lower blood pressure (P〈0.01), significantly higher PRA (P〈0.01), a not significantly different plasma AII concentration, and lower plasma and brain ACE activities (P〈0.01). Interestingly, the brain renin and angiotensinogen mRNA levels of the two groups were similar, but the renal renin mRNA level was significantly higher in the Spirapril-treated group (P〈0.01).4. These results indicate that the mRNA levels of brain renin and angiotensinogen were not affected by chronic ACE inhibition in the circulation and suggest that AII in the brain might not be affected by systemic ACE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01381.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and extraluminally-applied acetylcholine on the vascular tone or the response to transmural stimulation in dog isolated mesenteric arteries (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 341 (1990), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; EDRF ; Noradrenergic nerve stimulation ; Endothelium ; Mesenteric artery ; Prejunctional inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholine applied extraluminally to isolated, perfused dog mesenteric artery segments produced an endothelium-dependent depressor response when the perfusion pressure was raised by continuous infusion of noradrenaline; the potency was 1/30 to 1/60 that of intraluminal acetylcholine. Contractions induced by transmural electrical stimulation were attenuated by treatment with intra- and extraluminal acetylcholine; the inhibitory effect of intraluminal acetylcholine was greater than that of extraluminal acetylcholine. Removal of endothelium did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect. In mesenteric artery strips with endothelium, treatment with oxyhaemoglobin suppressed the relaxant response to acetylcholine but did not influence the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on stimulation-evoked contractions. Acetylcholine reduced the 3H-overflow and contraction of superfused mesenteric artery strips, preloaded with 3H-noradrenaline, response to transmural stimulation. By the use of bioassay (dog femoral artery segment with endothelium/coronary artery strip without endothelium), the release of EDRF was first determined in the perfusate, which was introduced to dog mesenteric artery strips loaded with 3H-noradrenaline. The 3H-overflow and contraction caused by the stimulation were not attenuated by EDRF and were also observed following treatment with superoxide dismutase. Inability of the perfusate to reduce the stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow was also observed when the donor and assay tissues were treated with superoxide dismutase. It may be concluded that the inhibition by acetylcholine of the release of neuronal noradrenaline is not dependent on endothelium, Extraluminally applied acetylcholine would reach the endothelium and release EDRF, and intraluminal acetylcholine is presumed to act directly on prejunctional muscarinic receptors; however, acetylcholine appears to cross the medial layer more efficiently from intima to adventitia than in the reverse direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195054
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin mast cell promotion of matrix remodeling in burn wound healing in mice: relevance of chymase (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 553-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Mouse burn model ; Capillary formation ; Collagen accumulation ; Chymase ; Skin mast cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammation, granulation, and collagen accumulation, which are observed in the wound healing process, occasionally lead to hypertrophic scarring. Several in vitro reports have suggested that skin mast cells (MCs) and their major protease, chymase, participate in the healing process as well as in fibrotic skin diseases. The present study examined the potential involvement of MCs and MC chymase in the healing of burns in mouse dorsal skin. The size of the burn wounds, density of the capillaries, collagen accumulation, MC number, and chymase activity were measured before and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after burning. The healing process corresponded strongly with MC density and chymase activity in both acute and subacute phases. The maximum decrease in MC number and chymase activity occurred on day 3 when tissue loss due to necrosis was maximal. From day 7 to 14, the burn wounds retracted rapidly accompanied by increases in capillaries and collagen fibers, in correspondence with fast increments in MC numbers and chymase activity at the wound edges. The present results combined with previous in vitro results strongly support the contention that skin MC chymase plays a role in the normal wound healing process, and presumably in dermal fibrotic disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ischemia Induces a Reduction in the Content of Ulinastatin-Like Substance in the Murine Hippocampus (1998)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 23 (1998), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ischemia ; ulinstatin-like substance ; μ-calpain ; m-calpain ; murine hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of ischemia on the content of a ulinastatin (UT)-like substance in the murine cerebral cortex and hippocampus were studied. At 24 h post-ischemia, a significant (p 〈 0.05) decrease in the content of UT-like substance in the hippocampus but not the cerebral cortex and a concurrent increase in the activity of μ-calpain were observed. In in vitro experiments, a decrease was registered in the content of UT-like substance in the hippocampus in the presence of calcium. This decrease was inhibited by both EDTA and calpastatin treatments. These results implicate the destruction of UT-like substance by μ-calpain in the ischemic hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022453504527
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