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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF RESERPINE ON THE CONTENT AND UPTAKE OF DOPAMINE AND NORADRENALINE IN RABBIT ARTERIES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Change with time of the content and uptake of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) in the renal, superior mesenteric and femoral arteries and abdominal aorta of rabbit after reserpine administration was examined. Endogenous DA and NA were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector.2. A single dose of reserpine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) maximally depleted the endogenous DA and NA contents in the four blood vessels 24 h after the administration; the ratios of reductions were 70–90% and approximately 90% of the normal levels, respectively. The DA contents in all four vessels recovered to the normal level within 4 days after reserpine. However, NA content did not recover to the normal levels within 30 days after reserpine except in the mesenteric artery.3. The activity of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) significantly increased in all four blood vessels 1 h after reserpine. Although the DBH activity returned to the normal level after 3 days in the mesenteric artery, it returned within 24 h in the other three vessels.4. [3H]-Dopamine and [3H]-NA uptake were almost completely depressed 1 h after reserpine. The [3H]-NA uptake in four vessels recovered to the normal level 2–14 days after reserpine, and [3H]-DA uptake recovered after 30–45 days. Thus, the endogenous DA content in blood vessels was completely restored although DA uptake and NA content were still affected.5. These results suggested that the recovery of stored DA after reserpine was faster than that of stored NA and the recovery of DA uptake after reserpine was slower than NA uptake. This indicates a possibility that a part of DA pool may be different from NA pool in adrenergic nerve terminals in the blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01679.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-NITROARGININE INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE RAT (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Effects of administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg), a guanidino nitroarginine derivative, for 1 week on blood pressure and some vascular responses of rats were studied.2. A significant rise of the systolic blood pressure was observed after the administration of NO2Arg with food (0.023% in weight, about 2.8 mg of NO2Arg per rat per day). Relaxation by acetylcholine decreased markedly in ring preparations of the thoracic aorta of NO2Arg-treated rats. However, glyceryltrinitrate-induced relaxation was not reduced after NO2Arg administration, suggesting that NO2Arg administration specifically inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation.3. An increase of blood pressure may be because oral administration of NO2Arg inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation in vivo suggesting that the release of EDRF is important in physiological control of blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01470.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT AND-INDEPENDENT RELAXATION BY DOPAMINE IN THE RABBIT PULMONARY ARTERY (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The relaxing response of dopamine (DA) was studied in the rabbit pulmonary artery. DA caused concentration-related relaxation in helically cut strips of the artery contracted with prostaglandin F2α in the presence of prazosin.2. The DA-induced relaxation in endothelium-denuded strips was reduced to about 40% compared with that in endothelium-intact strips.3. Methylene blue and haemoglobin, inhibitors of endothelium-dependent relaxation, reduced the DA-induced relaxations in endothelium-intact strips to the level of endothelium-denuded strips. These results indicate that the DA-induced relaxation is partially mediated or modified by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).4. Apomorphine, as a DA agonist, caused concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-intact strips. Bromocriptine, a DA2 agonist, produced only a little relaxation at higher concentration.5. In endothelium-intact strips, haloperidol, a DA antagonist, and the DA1 antagonists, fluphenazine and SCH 23390 inhibited DA-induced relaxations. On the other hand spiperone and domperidone, DA2 antagonists, were inactive.6. In endothelium-denuded strips, fluphenazine and SCH 23390 inhibited DA-induced relaxations, but domperidone was inactive.7. These results indicate that the DA-induced relaxation is mediated by DA receptors, and that DA1 receptors are involved in both endothelium-dependent and-independent relaxation in the rabbit pulmonary artery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00482.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenic Rats For Hypertension: How Useful Are They For The Hunting Of Hypertension Genes? (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Linkage studies have revealed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for blood pressure in the rat genome using genetic hypertensive rat models. To identify the genes responsible for hypertension, the construction of congenic rats is essential.2. To date, several congenic strains have been obtained from spontaneously hypertensive or Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The results of these studies should be interpreted according to whether the rats carry the whole QTL region or not.3. After establishing congenic strains, three strategies are possible: (i) an orthodox positional cloning in which, using subcongenic strains, the QTL region is cut down to smaller fragments suitable for physical mapping; (ii) a positional candidate strategy in which candidate genes in the QTL regions are studied; or (iii) physiological studies in which intermediate phenotypes directly associated with the hypertension gene are explored. Several other experimental strategies are also available using congenic strains as new animal models for hypertension.4. To make the most of advances in DNA technology, the precise evaluation of the phenotypic difference between congenic strains carrying different QTL or between a congenic and parental strain is critical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03242.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced sympathetic control of renal function in rats congenic for the hypertension-related region on chromosome 1 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Recent studies suggest that a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood pressure (BP) on rat chromosome 1 is associated with exaggerated sympathetic nervous activity. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this QTL can affect BP by altering sympathetic control of renal function.2. Male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats of Izumo origin (SHRSP/Izm), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm) and rats from a WKY/Izm congenic strain that contains an SHRSP/Izm chromosomal segment between D1Wox29 and D1Arb21 (WKYpch1.0) were used. Clearance and micropuncture experiments were performed in anaesthetized rats after acute unilateral renal denervation (DN).3. Mean BP in sham-operated WKYpch1.0 was significantly higher than that in WKY/Izm. The DN procedure elicited a greater reduction in renal noradrenaline levels in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0 than in WKY/Izm.4. In both SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0, DN decreased renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction, whereas it increased renal blood flow and urinary and fractional excretion of sodium. Unilateral renal denervation did not affect these parameters in WKY/Izm.5. Unilateral renal denervation decreased the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responsiveness only in SHRSP/Izm, whereas it increased the non-perfused early proximal flow rate in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0.6. The results of the present study indicate that the renal sympathetic nervous system exerts enhanced tonic control of the renal vasculature and tubular function in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0, but not in WKY/Izm. Neural impact on the TGF response in WKYpch1.0 is indiscernible. Thus, a gene or genes in the QTL may influence BP, at least in part, through renal vasoconstriction and sodium retention mediated by the enhanced activity of the renal sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04304.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORONARY VASODILATORY RESPONSE TO A NOVEL PEPTIDE, ADRENOMEDULLIN 2 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Adrenomedullin-2 (AM2) is a novel peptide originally found in a fish and it is structurally related to mammalian AM or fish AM1. Cloning of AM2 cDNA in the mouse, rat and human has been successful. In the present study, the vasodilatory effect of synthetic human AM2 was analysed in isolated artery ring preparations of porcine.2. Vasodilatory effect of AM2 was the most potent in the coronary artery, followed by the carotid and supramesenteric arteries, but absent in the femoral, pulmonary and renal arteries.3. The effect of AM2 was equipotent with that of human AM/AM1 in these arteries.4. AM2-induced relaxation was inhibited by human CGRP (8–37), but not by human AM/AM1 (22–52), suggesting that the vasodilatory response to AM2 is mediated through the CGRP1 receptor.5. AM2 may share the same receptor (complex) with AM/AM1 for the vasorelaxation. This is the first report of the vasodilatory responses to AM2 in isolated vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04115.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC VASODILATION RESISTANT TO NG-NITRO-L-ARGININE IN ANAESTHETIZED RATS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (l-NNA; 20mg/kg bodyweight (BW), i.v.) and metyrapone (300 mg/kg BW, s.c.) on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced depressor responses were investigated in anaesthetized rats.2. Acetylcholine (0.05,0.5,5 μg/kg BW, i.v.) dose-dependently evoked a sharp fall in mean blood pressure (BP) followed by a slow recovery under control conditions.3. Basal BP level was elevated when rats were treated with l-NNA, indicating endogenous nitric oxide (NO) participated in BP regulation. However, pretreatment with l-NNA did not attenuate but rather augmented the ACh-induced maximum vasodilation. In contrast, the time for recovery of mean BP to the pre-ACh administration level was shortened by l-NNA. These observations suggested that ACh-induced vasodilation consisted of two phases: a sharp and transient fall (phase 1) that was resistant to l -NNA followed by a longer depressor response (phase 2) that was suppressed by l-NNA.4. To examine whether augmentation of phase 1 by l-NNA resulted from the elevation of basal BP, an appropriate dose of phenylephrine was infused to obtain similar BP elevation. Phenylephrine infusion augmented the phase 1 in a similar manner to l-NNA pretreatment but showed little effect on phase 2, supporting the selective inhibition of phase 2 by l-NNA.5. The s.c. pretreatment with metyrapone for 3 days failed to attenuate phase 1. Thus, the involvement of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor that could be formed by a metyrapone-sensitive oxidase in phase 1 was unlikely.6. These results suggest that some factor(s), which is not inhibitable by l-NNA or metyrapone, may induce the phase 1 depressor response to ACh while NO is responsible for the phase 2 response. The mechanism inducing the phase 1 response remains to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02244.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF NG-M0N0METHYL-L-ARGININE ON THE MICROCIRCULATION OF RAT SKIN (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, on the microcirculation of rat dorsal skin were studied to examine the role of NO in the regulation of regional haemodynamics.2. The blood volume in the skin microcirculation, which was continuously measured by reflectance spectrophotometry, was significantly decreased in response to L-NMMA (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.v.), suggesting vasoconstriction, and the response continued for more than 20 min. In contrast, the increase in systemic blood pressure (BP) disappeared soon after administration of L-NMMA.3. These results show that L-NMMA elicits long-lasting responses in the skin microcirculation, whereas the systemic BP rapidly recovers, suggesting a large contribution of the NO system to the regulation of rat skin microcirculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01798.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF VASOPRESSOR EFFECTS OF NITRO ARGININE IN STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS AND WISTAR-KYOTO RATS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. NG-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg) is a guanidine nitro arginine derivative and an inhibitor of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Significant rise of the systolic blood pressure was observed after 1 week administration of NO2Arg in food (0.023% in weight, about 2.8 mg of NO2Arg/rat per day) in female rats of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The rises were not different between SHRSP (21 mmHg) and WKY (23 mmHg).2. In ring preparations of the thoracic aorta of NO2Arg-administered rats of both strains, relaxation by acetylcholine decreased markedly compared with those of the control rats (to 43–44%). On the contrary, glyceryltrinitrate-induced relaxation was slightly but significantly increased in the aorta of WKY after NO2Arg administration and the same tendency was observed in SHRSP.3. The rise of blood pressure and the decrease of acetylcholine-induced relaxation suggested that NO2Arg inhibited the endothelium-dependent relaxation not only in WKY but also in SHRSP. The relaxation of the thoracic aorta preparation of SHRSP by acetylcholine was much less (ca 38%) than that of WKY; however, that of SHRSP by glyceryltrinitrate was slightly less (ca 74%), indicating that endothelium-dependent relaxation declined in vascular preparation of SHRSP.4. The present results suggest that endothelium-dependent relaxation has some contribution on blood pressure regulation in the hypertensive state, although a decline of endothelium-dependent relaxation is evident in vascular preparation of SHRSP compared with WKY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01632.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF A HERBAL FORMULA, TBL-1, ON TYPE II COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN DBA/1J MICE (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of a formula of traditional Chinese medicine, TBL-1, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated in DBA/1J mice.2. From 4 weeks after the first immunization with bovine type II collagen (CII), TBL-1 or indomethacin was administered orally for 13 weeks.3. Clinical scores of CIA were decreased by both TBL-1 and indomethacin intervention compared with the control CII-immunized group.4. Radiographic scores of phalangeal destruction were markedly improved by TBL-1 intervention (P〈0.001), but indomethacin failed.5. The suppressive effects of TBL-1, but not indomethacin, were manifested in reduced serum anti-CII antibody titres (P〈0.001).6. These findings suggest that TBL-1 may play a role in regulating some immune responses in the present arthritis model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02602.x
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