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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light and electron microscope study of the connections between the preganglionic fibers and the intralingual ganglion cells in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Salivatory nucleus ; Tongue ; Retrograde tracing technique ; Anterograde tracing technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The topographical distribution of the preganglionic neurons sending projection fibers to the tongue, and the connections between their fibers and the intralingual ganglion cells, were examined in the rat. When horseradish peroxidase injections were made into the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, labeled neuronal cell bodies were distributed mainly in the lateral reticular formation at the level between the rostral part of the facial nucleus and the caudal part of the superior olivary complex. On the other hand, after horseradish peroxidase injections into the posterior one-third of the tongue, labeled neuronal cell bodies were found mainly in the rostromedial part of the nucleus of the solitary tract, and additionally in the lateral reticular formation just ventral to the rostral part of the nucleus of the solitary tract. In both cases, labeled neuronal cell bodies were always found in the hypoglossal nucleus. The anterograde tracing study with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin or Fluoro-ruby confirmed the topographical organization suggested by the retrograde tracing study; when the tracer injections were centered on the lateral reticular formation at the level of the rostral part of the facial nucleus or on the rostral part of the nucleus of the solitary tract, labeled fibers distributed mainly in the anterior or posterior part of the tongue, respectively. It was also shown that the axon terminals of the preganglionic fibers labeled with Fluoro-ruby made close contacts with the intralingual ganglion cells immunopositive for neuron specific enolase. The electron microscopy combined with the anterograde tracing method with biotinylated dextran amine further indicated that the preganglionic fibers made synaptic contacts with the soma and dendritic processes of the intralingual ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187469
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filopodia and growth cones in the vertically migrating granule cells of the postnatal mouse cerebellum (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 117 (1997), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Filopodia ; Growth cone ; Laser scanning confocal microscopy ; Perpendicular contact guidance ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The details of the morphology of vertically migrating granule cells were examined semiquantitatively in the postnatal mouse cerebellum by a Golgi method, with special reference to the growth cone-related structures such as filopodia and lamellipodia. The first sign of inward migration was extension of short, vertical filopodium-like processes from the sides of the perikarya of tangentially oriented granule cells, followed by a change of orientation of cell bodies to the vertical axis showing a T-shaped morphology. The T-shaped migratory cells formed sprouted filopodia (side spikes) from their vertical leading processes and perikarya at right angles to the vertical axis. More than three-quarters of the migratory cells extended the side spikes. The presence of such side spikes was confirmed with laser scanning confocal microscopy of granule cells labeled with 1,1′, dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate and also with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, about one-fourth of migratory cells extended lamellipodia of web-like forms along the stem or at the tip of the leading process, some of which showed a typical growth cone. Several morphological variations of vertical granule cells were also observed. Furthermore, TEM observation confirmed that side spikes from migratory cells made direct contact with parallel fibers. The present results suggest that, during vertical migration, growth cone-related structures of the leading processes of granule cells adhere to and probably recognize tangentially oriented parallel fibers. Therefore, the mechanisms of the vertical guidance and migration of granule cells in the cerebellar cortex seem to be multiple, involving not only parallel contact guidance by the Bergmann glia fibers but also perpendicular contact guidance by the parallel fibers. These parallel and perpendicular geometric cues surrounding the granule cells seem to have produced the varying morphology of vertically migrating granule cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005787
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN AORTIC SENSITIVITY TO NORADRENALINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE IN RATS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma and tissue lipid levels and the effects of age on vascular responses to noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh).2. Studies were performed in young and aged rats and the response of endothelium-intact and -denuded aortic rings to NA and to ACh was measured. The plasma concentration of cholesterol (total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) and 17β-oestradiol was determined, as was the aortic tissue content of phospholipids, cGMP and cholesterol (total, free and esterified).3. Levels of all types of cholesterol in plasma and aorta increased with age; cholesterol levels in plasma correlated with those in the aorta; levels of phospholipid in the aorta did not increase with age but correlated with those of LDL cholesterol in plasma; levels of 17β-oestradiol did not change, but those of cGMP increased with age.4. In endothelium-intact rings, the maximum tension developed by exposure to NA did not change, but the EC50 of NA increased with age and correlated with total cholesterol in the plasma and with the levels of all types of cholesterol in the aorta. In rings precontracted with NA, age decreased the maximum relaxation induced by ACh. The EC50 of ACh decreased with age and was inversely correlated with levels of cholesterol in the plasma and aorta. Treatment with NA increased cGMP levels in aged rats. Removal of the endothelium abolished the response to ACh and heightened the sensitivity to NA in young and aged rats.5. Aortic endothelial cells seem to inhibit amine-induced contraction, while age-related changes in the levels of cholesterol in aortic tissue affect the sensitivity of the tissue to NA and ACh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02275.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lower rhombic lip-derived cells undergo transmedian tangential migration followed by radial migration in the chick embryo brainstem (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Migration behaviour and fate of cells originated from the lower rhombic lip (LRL) was examined in the chick embryo hindbrain. LRL-derived cells tangentially migrate along the pial surface of the brainstem and form a transient subpial migratory stream. In the initial stages of migration, LRL-derived cells appose each other or axon-like processes, which is indicative of mode of homophilic chain migration and/or axophilic migration. Some LRL-derived cells relocate rostroventrally towards the pontine region, although the majority of them migrate circumferentially to the ventral medulla oblongata. Depending on the stage of generation, LRL-derived cells undergo transmedian migration; late-generated LRL-derived cells preferentially colonize the contralateral brainstem compared with early generated cells. Thus, latecomer neuron precursors may migrate past their predecessors in the migratory stream. When LRL-derived cells leave the subpial migratory stream, they change their migratory direction to a radial one and relocate inwardly, with a profile that resembles a tangential-to-radial change seen in cerebellar granule cell precursors. After they enter the parenchymal region of the brainstem, they exhibited morphological differentiation, and some differentiate into excitatory neurons. The present results suggest that LRL-derived cells migrate across boundaries such as midline or rhombomere, which may facilitate to build up cellular and functional architectures of the hindbrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03529.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves in the aganglionic intestine of mutant rats: A histochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 31 (1996), S. 214-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: nitric oxide ; NADPH diaphorase ; congenitally aganglionic rats ; whole-mount staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the distribution of nerves containing nitric oxide synthase in the intestine of congenitally aganglionic rats, using a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemical method for whole-mount and cryostat specimens. A constricted intestinal segment extends from the terminal ileum to the anus in this mutant. No nerve elements with the activity were found in the affected terminal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon. Although intrinsic ganglionic neurons were absent along the constricted intestine, nerve fibers with the activity were found in both the submucous and intermuscular layers distal to the proximal colon. These fibers increased in density towards the rectum, forming hypertrophic nerve bundles and unusual fiber networks. However, positive fibers were never seen within the circular and longitudinal musculature of the constricted lesion. Some of these hypertrophic nerve bundles were continuous with ectopic ganglia that were situated in the adventitial connective tissue around the lower rectum and in the submucosa near the anus. The hypertrophic nerve bundles seemed to have an extrinsic origin; some of them may have originated from ectopic ganglia. These results suggest that the defective distribution of nerves containing nitric oxide synthase may be involved in the pathogenesis of congenital colonic aganglionosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389520
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the cceliac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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