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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor prevents G1-arrest and DNA fragmentation in PC12 cells after hypoxia (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the neuroprotective function of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) after transient hypoxia (12 h) and reoxygenation (0–72 h), comparing rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells overexpressing FLAG-tagged α7nAChR (α7pCMV cells) and control PC12 cells (non-transfected or transfected with vector only) in medium with and without nicotine. Plasma membrane degradation in the early phase after hypoxia was inhibited in PC12 cells with nicotine, and more profoundly in α7pCMV cells with nicotine. Inhibition of DNA fragmentation in the late phase after hypoxia was most remarkable in α7pCMV cells with nicotine, but, surprisingly, it was more remarkable in α7pCMV cells without nicotine than in PC12 cells with nicotine. G1-arrest of the cell cycle, observed in control PC12 cells at 12 h after hypoxia, preceding DNA fragmentation, was not evident in α7pCMV cells, with or without nicotine. Furthermore, in α7pCMV cells with and without nicotine, the basal expression levels of total Akt were approximately 1.5-fold higher, and the up-regulation of Akt phosphorylated at Ser473 after hypoxia was strikingly enhanced, compared with control PC12 cells. These findings suggest that α7nAChR functions constitutively in PC12 cells, that its overexpression raises tolerance against G1-arrest and DNA fragmentation after hypoxia, and that it can be considered a candidate target for treatment against hypoxia-induced acute membrane degradation and delayed DNA fragmentation in neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00823.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spindle-shaped, cross-banded structures in human peripheral nerves (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cross-banded structures ; Human peripheral nerves ; FLS collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fusiform, cross-banded structures (fibrous long-spacing collagen, or Luse bodies) were found in a nerve contained in the perivascular connective tissue of the short saphenous vein and in the sural nerve in man. The periodicity of cross-bandings was 140–170 nm and there was no intraperiod striation. The banded structures were found either isolated in the endoneurial spaces or contiguous with the surface of Schwann cells or fibroblasts. The nature, origin, and pathological significance of structures of this type in peripheral nerve are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688572
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative changes of sural nerves in various neurological diseases (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Sural nerves ; Pathological changes ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative histological studies were made on sural nerve biopsies from 123 patients with various neurological disorders. The myelinated fibre density, nuclear density, and the thickness of the perineurium were measured and compared with the average and standard deviation of control material in different age groups. Specimens from chronic polyneuritis and heredodegenerative neuropathy showed a reduction of myelinated fibres and an increase of nuclei, the decrease of large myelinated fibres being greater than that of small myelinated fibres. In acute polyneuritis the large and small myelinated fibres decreased equally in number. In the sensory type of SMON, small myelinated fibres decreased more than large myelinated fibres, while in the sensorimotor type of SMON, the change was the reverse. Nuclear population remained unchanged in these diseases. In spinocerebellar degeneration there was a close correlation between the decrease in myelinated fibres and the clinical findings such as sensory disturbance and diminished tendon reflexes, suggesting the presence of peripheral nerve involvement. Myelinated fibres were reduced in cases of neurological diseases hitherto considered to be free of pathological changes in sensory nerves, including motor neurone disease, myopathy, tumours or vascular diseases of the brain and spinal cord. In motor neurone disease and myopathy the large fibres were decreased more than small fibres, and nuclear population was increased. In tumours or vascular disease of the central nervous system, the large and small fibres were decreased equally in number, and the nuclear population was within normal range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688554
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative changes with age in normal sural nerves (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Sural nerves ; Age changes ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative changes with age of the myelinated fibre density, nuclear density, the thickness of the perineurium, and the vasa nervorum were studied histologically in the human sural nerve. Materials were obtained from 79 necropsies of acute death without any accompanying peripheral nerve diseases, ranging from 1 week to 88 years of age. The average small myelinated fibre density decreased rapidly from the age of 1 week (26300/mm2) to the second decade (9560/mm2), and continued to decrease gradually with age, reaching an average of 9730/mm2 for the eighth decade, 74% of that for the second decade. Large myelinated fibres appeared first in a 3-month-old infant. The average large myelinated fibre density increased rapidly, attaining the level of a young adult at 3 years. The average was maximum at the third decade (6480/mm2) and thereafter decreased with age, reaching an average of 3480/mm2 for the ninth decade, 54% of that of the third decade. Nuclear density decreased rapidly from 1 week of age (9800/mm2) to the second decade (3750/mm2). Subsequently, it increased gradually with age up to the eighth decade (6090/mm2), at which time it measured 163% of the average of the second decade. The decrease of large myelinated fibres could not be related to changes of vasa nervorum due to aging before 60 years, while after 60 years there was a greater reduction of large myelinated fibres when the stenosis of vasa nervorum was more pronounced. A linear relationship was found between the thickness of the perineurium and the diameter of the fascicle. The perincurial index (the thickness of perineurium/diameter of a fascicle×100) showed wide variation among individuals though it showed a tendency to increase with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688067
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parkinsonism and dementia with acoustic neurinomas (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 217 (1978), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Parkinsonism ; Dementia ; Acoustic neurinoma ; Chronic hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über drei Fälle von Akustikusneurinom mit begleitenden Symptomen eines Parkinsonismus und einer Demenz berichtet. Diese Symptome wurden als Ausdruck eines chronischen Hydrocephalus betrachtet und in ihren klinischen Besonderheiten im einzelnen dargelegt.
    Notes: Summary Three cases of acoustic neurinoma with parkinsonism and dementia are reported. The characteristics of parkinsonism seen in these cases consisted of the rapid development of symptoms and symmetrical rigidity. In all cases there was a marked enlargement of the ventricular system and transient improvement in their mental states was observed following ventriculoperitoneal shunt or removal of the tumor. In an autopsy case there were no pathological findings in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra or pontine nuclei. It was concluded that parkinsonism and dementia in these patients were caused by chronic hydrocephalus due to the acoustic neurinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312988
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prosopagnosia without topographagnosia and object agnosia associated with a lesion confined to the right occipitotemporal region (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 241 (1994), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Prosopagnosia ; Visual memory ; Right occipitotemporal lesion ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient is presented who developed prosopagnosia with a recent occipitotemporal infarct in the distribution of the right posterior cerebral artery. H ve topographical agnosia or object agnosia. He regained the ability to recognize faces of familiar persons, whereas he remained unable to identify faces of persons whom he met after the of persons whom he met after the disease onset. This case demonstrate that prosopagnosia may occur as a deficit of matching a perceived face to a memory store of the face, and that the failure to recognize unfamiliar faces may be due to the inability to form memory stores of new faces. These deficits can occur in association with a lesion confined to the right occipitotemporal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00919707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of blood pressure and heart-rate variation while resting supine and standing for the evaluation of autonomic dysfunction (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1987), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction ; Diabetes mellitus ; Orthostatic hypotension ; Parkinson's disease ; R-R intervals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood pressure and R-R interval variation were studied during postural changes using a tilting table. The subjects were 64 normal controls and 52 patients with various disorders. None of the normal controls showed postural falls of more than 15 mm Hg in mean blood pressure. The mean loge coefficient of variation of 100 R-R intervals was significantly reduced in groups with Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration, Shy-Drager syndrome and diabetes mellitus, compared with a normal control group. Reduced heart-rate variation was frequently associated with sphincter disturbance and orthostatic hypotension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral perfusion patterns in vascular dementia of Binswanger type compared with senile dementia of Alzheimer type: a SPECT study (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebral blood flow ; Single photon emission tomography ; Vascular dementia of Binswanger type ; Sensile dementia of Alzheimer type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral perfusion patterns in 18 cases with vascular dementia of Binswanger type (VDBT) (8 moderate and 10 severe cases) were compared with 25 cases with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) (16 moderate and 9 severe cases) and 14 controls by single photon emission computed tomography usingN-isopropyl-p-123I iodoamphetamine (IMP) as a tracer. The cerebral: cerebellar IMP uptake ratio (%) (CCR) was used as a measure of relative cerebral perfusion. The CCRs were about 85–90% in all areas in controls. Moderate VDBT patients showed a remarkable decrease of CCRs in the basal grey region (thalamus and basal ganglia) (right 79%, left 77%) and in the frontal area (right 79%, left 80%) (P〈0.01). In severe VDBT patients a significant decrease of the CCR was noted in all regions (P〈0.01). The decrease of mean CCRs in the hemispheres was significantly correlated with the severity of disease determined by psychometric testing. Patients with SDAT showed a significant decrease of the CCR in the parietal (right 71%, left 74%) and right temporal (78%) areas in the moderate stage (P〈0.01), and further progression of dementia was associated with low perfusion areas extending to the frontal areas (78%,P〈0.01). These differences in the perfusion patterns and their changes with progression of the illnesses may be reflected in characteristic clinical features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319853
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