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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 365-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano Body ; Senile Change of the Brain ; Tilting Examination of Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Ammon horns of 100 brains of the aged were examined: Hirano bodies were observed in 50%. Histochemically the bodies were composed mainly of protein. The ultrastructure of the Hirano body was a lattice of 100 Å filaments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 24 (1973), S. 331-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Diabetic Amyotrophy ; Muscle Biopsy ; Ultrastructure ; Type II Fibre Atrophy ; Partial Denervation ; Neurogenic Atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven cases of diabetic amyotrophy were investigated by histochemistry and electron microscopy of biopsied muscles. Type II fibre atrophy of various grades was observed in the proximal atrophic muscles. Various changes of Z-band were observed in type II atrophic muscle fibres. In addition, mitochondrial changes, accumulation of glycogen, thickening of the capillary basement membrane and changes in the intramuscular nerves were also observed, both in the proximal and distal muscles. Some impaired motoneuron innervation of proximal muscles as well as distal muscles in a poorly controlled diabetic condition is suspected in “diabetic amyotrophy”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibrillary degeneration ; Maytansine ; Adult mouse ; Dorsal root ganglion ; Tissue culture ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of maytansine, an antimitotic compound isolated from an African plant, were studied by light and electron microscopy in dissociated cell cultures of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia. Maytansine at 10–100 ng/ml concentration caused reversible, concentration-dependent, inhibition of microtubule assembly and induction of a large amount of 10 nm filaments in the cytoplasm of cultured neurons and Schwann cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 15 (1970), S. 56-69 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Π-Granules ; Myelin Sheath ; Schwann Cell Ultrastructure ; Myelin Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur der Π-Granula Reichs im Schwann-Zellcytoplasma der normalen menschlichen markhaltigen Nervenfasern wurde untersucht. Folgendes konnte festgestellt werden. 1. Die den Π-Granula entsprechenden pleomorphen, meist stäbchen-förmigen Körperchen finden sich perinucleär und sind bei älteren Individuen gehäuft zu finden, treten aber in geringer Zahl auch schon bei Jugendlichen auf. 2. Diese Körperchen sind membranbegrenzt und aus geschichteten Lamellengruppen mit einer Periodik von 52–63 Å aufgebaut. 3. Sie sind lysosomaler Natur und entstehen durch Speicherung und Strukturierung gewisser Lipide oder Lipidgemische. 4. Markscheiden und Axone, deren Schwannsche Zellen Π-Granula enthalten, zeigen normale Feinstruktur. Die Π-Granula sind nicht als Markabbauprodukte aufzufassen. Es wird angenommen, daß die Π-Granula aus nicht weiter metabolisierbaren Lipiden des physiologischen Myelinstoffwechsels bestehen. Über die konstituierenden Lipidbestandteile und die Bedingungen für die Pleomorphie der Π-Granula wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the protagon (Π)-granules (Reich, 1903) in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells of normal human peripheral nerves was studied. The following results were obtained: 1. The structures which correspond to Π-granules appear in the perinuclear cytoplasme as pleomorphic, mostly rod-like shaped bodies. They are numerous in aged persons, less in young persons. 2. The bodies are membrane bound and consist of regularly arranged lamellar structure with a periodicity of 52–63 Å. 3. The bodies are of lysosomal nature and originate from storage and structuring of lipide or lipid mixtures. 4. Myelin sheaths and axons of Π-granules containing Schwann cells reveal a normal ultrastructure. Π-granules are not degradation products of myelin. It is suggested that the Π-granules consist of various nonmetabolisable lipids of the physiological myelin metabolism. The nature of the lipids and the causes of the pleomorphic appearence of the Π-granules are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cross-banded structures ; Human peripheral nerves ; FLS collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fusiform, cross-banded structures (fibrous long-spacing collagen, or Luse bodies) were found in a nerve contained in the perivascular connective tissue of the short saphenous vein and in the sural nerve in man. The periodicity of cross-bandings was 140–170 nm and there was no intraperiod striation. The banded structures were found either isolated in the endoneurial spaces or contiguous with the surface of Schwann cells or fibroblasts. The nature, origin, and pathological significance of structures of this type in peripheral nerve are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Age-related changes in amounts of myelin proteins from rat sciatic nerve or spinal root were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In the aged peripheral nerve myelin, the relative amounts of band 105K and proteins X and Y increased, whereas those of proteins P0 and P1 and band 190K decreased. Band 105K purified by preparative SDS-PAGE exhibited three bands of 105K, 28K, and 21K at the second electrophoresis. A repeated SDS-PAGE did not improve the purity of bank 105K, but increased the ratio of 21K to 28K. Compared with P0 protein, band 105K has a very similar peptide map pattern and amino acid composition, as well as the identical NH2 terminal residue, isoleucine. These findings suggest that band 105K is an aggregate form of P0 protein and its fragment, 21K. The 21K protein is a distinct entity from X protein. The quantitative and qualitative alterations in myelin proteins, as we report here, may reflect continuing demyelination and remyelination in aged peripheral nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The distribution of cholinesterase activity in the human sensory and autonomic nervous system was studied histochemically by theKoelle's method under the hypothesis that the neurons with cholinesterase activity were cholinergic. 2. The cholinesterase activity in the sensory corpuschles of the skin and the mucous membrane, the taste buds of the tongue and the bipolar layer of the retina was intense. 3. The secretory nerve fibres in the sweat glands, the lacrimal glands, the salivary glands, the vestibular glands and the prostate had much cholinesterase activity along axones, on the contrary the sebaceous and mammary glands had none. 4. In the sublingual and the submandibular salivary glands, some lobules had no activity, which suggested the non-cholinergic secretory cell group. 5. Pre- and postganglionic para-sympathetic nerves demonstrated high cholinesterase activity in the ganglioncells and along the axones. 6. The sympathetic preganglionic nerves such as white communicating rami and splanchnic nerves, showed much cholinesterase activity, on the other side the postganglionic nerves as the grey communicating rami and the paracarotid plexus had none. 7. The results prove—based on clinical, physiological and pharmacological facts-The the pointing out of cholinesterase is identic with an cholinergic innervation and that the ACh is probably a transmitter-substance for the conducting system.
    Abstract: Résumé 1. La distribution de l'activité cholinestéragique au niveau du système sensoriel et autonome était étudié histochimiquement à l'aide de la méthode deKoelle basant sur l'hypothèse que les neurones d'activité cholinestéragiques sont cholinergiques. 2. L'activité cholinestéragique des corpuscules sensoriels de la peau, de la muqueuse et des boutons de goût de la langue, comme de la zone bipolare de la rétine était intense. 3. Les fibres nerveuses des glandes sudoripares, des glandes lacrimales et des glandes vestibulaires et de la prostate montrèrent une activité prononcée cholinestéragique au parcours des axones; mais les glandes sébacées et les glandes mammaires ne la montrèrent pas. 4. Dans les glandes sous-linguales et les glandes salivaires quelques lobules ne montrèrent pas d'activité, ce qui parle pour leur nature non-cholinergique. 5. Les nerfs pré- et postganglionnaires parasympathiques montrèrent une activité élevée cholinestéragique au niveau des cellules ganglionnaires et des axones. 6. Les nerfs préganglionnaires sympathiques comme les rameaux communicants blancs et les nerfs splanchniques montrèrent de même une activité cholinestéragique, tandis que les nerfs postganglionnaires comme les rameaux communicants gris et le plexus paraaortique ne montrèrent point d'activité. 7. Ces résultats—basant sur les faits cliniques, physiologiques et pharmacologiques—démontrentque la preuve de la cholinestérase est identique avec une innervation cholinergique et que l'ACh est peut-être une substance de transmission pour la conduction de l'excitation nerveuse.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Mit der Koelleschen Methode wurde histochemisch die Cholinesterase-Aktivität in zahlreichen nervösen Formationen des Menschen (zum Teil auch bei Pferd und Hund) untersucht. 2. In denMeissnerschen Körperchen, Vater-Pacinischen Körperchen, Geschlechtskörperchen und Geschmacksknospen fand sich reichlich ChE. 3. In Tränendrüsen, Speicheldrüsen, Bartholinischen Drüsen, Prostata und Schweißdrüsen konnte ChE-Aktivität entlang den Nervenfasern nachgewiesen werden, nicht dagegen in Milchdrüsen und Talgdrüsen. 4. Ekkrine Drüsen erwiesen sich als ChE-positiv. In den gemischten Speicheldrüsen fanden sich einige Lobuli ohne ChE neben solchen mit ChE. 5. Beim parasympathischen Nervensystem ergaben die Schaltganglien und die prä- und postganglionären Nervenfasern ChE-Aktivität. 6. Beim sympathischen Nervensystem waren die Schaltganglien und die präganglionären Fasern ChE-aktiv, dagegen die postganglionären Fasern inaktiv. 7. Diese Ergebnisse stützen die auch klinisch, physiologisch und pharmakologisch begründete Annahme,daß der ChE-Nachweis mit einer cholinergischen Innervation identisch ist und daß ACh möglicherweise eine Transmittersubstanz für die Reizleitung ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 348 (1969), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur der Target-Fasern (W. K. Engel, 1961) in Muskelfasern bei neurogener Atrophie wurden untersucht. Die dreizonige Struktur der Targetformation zeigt in der zentralen Zone elektronendichte Zopfbildungen, für die eine Kontinuität mit fragmentierten Z-Streifen in der Zwischenzone nachgewiesen werden konnte. Es besteht keine Periodizität wie in den Stäbchen der Nemaline-Myopathie. In der Zwischenzone finden sich Z-Streifen-Störungen, gefolgt von Ordnungsstörungen der Sarkomeren. Vermehrte sarkoplasmatische Strukturen sind vorhanden. Die Außenzone zeigt wenig pathologische Veränderungen. Diese ultrastrukturellen Befunde weisen eher auf eine Veränderung von myopathischem Typ hin. Pathogenetisch wird ein intramuskulärer Degenerationsprozeß bei inkompletter Denervation vermutet. Targetoid-Fasern wurden untersucht und als Früh- oder Spätstadien der Target-Fasern gedeutet. Die Beziehung der Target-Fasern zu den Faserveränderungen des Central Core Disease werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the target fibers (W. K. Engel, 1961) in muscle fibers of neurogenic atrophy was investigated. The target formation with three concentric zones showed in its central zone disorganized myofilaments with electron dense amorphous material that revealed a continuity with fragmented Z-disks in the intermediate zone. A periodicity, as in the rods of nemaline myopathy, was not observed. In the intermediate zone the Z-disks were disintegrated and associated with disorganized sarcomeres. Sarcoplasmic components were usually increased. The outer zone showed only minimal pathologic changes. These ultrastructural changes are of the myopathic type and suggest pathogenetically some intramuscular degenerative process presumably after a long-standing incomplete denervation. The targetoid fibers were also investigated. Some of them occurred in early or late stages of target formation. The ultrastructural similarity of the target fibers with the fiber changes in central core disease is suspected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 217 (1978), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Parkinsonism ; Dementia ; Acoustic neurinoma ; Chronic hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über drei Fälle von Akustikusneurinom mit begleitenden Symptomen eines Parkinsonismus und einer Demenz berichtet. Diese Symptome wurden als Ausdruck eines chronischen Hydrocephalus betrachtet und in ihren klinischen Besonderheiten im einzelnen dargelegt.
    Notes: Summary Three cases of acoustic neurinoma with parkinsonism and dementia are reported. The characteristics of parkinsonism seen in these cases consisted of the rapid development of symptoms and symmetrical rigidity. In all cases there was a marked enlargement of the ventricular system and transient improvement in their mental states was observed following ventriculoperitoneal shunt or removal of the tumor. In an autopsy case there were no pathological findings in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra or pontine nuclei. It was concluded that parkinsonism and dementia in these patients were caused by chronic hydrocephalus due to the acoustic neurinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 230 (1983), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Locus ceruleus ; Aging ; Lewy body ; Neurofibrillary tangle ; Nerve cell count
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 24 Hirne von Individuen von über 60 Jahren untersucht sowie 22 Gehirne von Patienten mit Parkinsonscher Krankheit, multipler Systematrophie, seniler Demenz, progressiver supranukleärer Lähmung etc. Es wurden semiquantitative Untersuchungen über die Anzahl der Nervenzellen und das Auftreten der Neurofibrillenveränderungen und Lewyschen Körperchen im Locus ceruleus angestellt. 1. Die Durchschnittszahl der Nervenzellen im Locus ceruleus bei 60 Individuen von über 60 Jahren war geringer als jene bei 12 jüngeren Fällen. Besonders deutlich waren die zahlenmäßige Abnahme in den Fällen von über 90 Jahren. Das Volumen der Nervenzellen an Serienschnitten zeigte in den Fällen von über 80 Jahren einen Verlust von ca. 40%. 2. Der Verlust an Nervenzellen war besonders ausgeprägt bei jenen Fällen, die auch Lewy-Körperchen zeigten. 3. Ein besonders hochgradiger Verlust an Nervenzellen wurde in den Fällen mit multiplen Systematrophien, zum Beispiel Shy-Drager-Syndrom, olivo-ponto-cerebelläre Atrophie und striato-nigraler Degeneration sowie in einigen Fällen der Parkinsonschen Krankheit und senilen Demenz festgestellt. Andererseits war die Zahl der Nervenzellen in drei Fällen von progressiver supranukleärer Lähmung nicht vermindert. 4. Im hohen Alter waren die Lewyschen Körperchen und die Veränderungen der Neurofibrillen besonders ausgeprägt. Hingegen war das gleichzeitige Vorhandensein beider Veränderungen in ein und derselben Nervenzelle sehr selten und wenn dies einmal zusammen vorhanden war, war keine strukturelle Beziehung zwischen den zwei Veränderungen vorhanden.
    Notes: Summary The locus ceruleus was studied in 86 brains of the elderly, with or without degenerative disease. Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and senile dementia were among the diseases studied. Nerve cell loss, the appearance of neurofibrillary changes and Lewy bodies were examined semi-quantiatively. The number of nerve cells diminished in old age, especially over 90 years. The decrease of nerve cells was greater in cases with Lewy bodies. A marked loss of nerve cell was observed in multiple system atrophies, including Shy-Drager syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and striatonigral degeneration, and in some cases of Parkinson's disease and senile dementia. The number of nerve cells did not decrease in cases of progressive supranuclear palsy. Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles appeared increasingly in old age. However, the incidence of both changes in the same neuron was rare, and in such cases their structures appeared not to be related.
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