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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyst wall formation and endogenous carbohydrate utilization during synchronous encystment of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 79 (1971), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vigorous agitation caused the zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora to undergo rapid synchronous encystment. The rate of encystment was determined by counting the number of cells with an alkali-resistant cyst wall. 50% of the zoospores formed an alkali-resistant cyst wall within 60 sec of agitation; after 120 sec, essentially all zoospores had encysted. The rate of spontaneous encystment in nonagitated suspensions was much slower. The flagella of nearly all zoospores disappeared within 30 sec of agitation, i.e. prior to the formation of an alkali-resistant cyst wall. Zoospores depend on internal reserves for synthesizing their cyst walls. Approximately 70% of the total carbohydrate in motile zoospores was extracted with water after treating the cells with 70% éthnol. During synchronous encystment, this carbohydrate fraction composed largely of glucans decreased markedly while the insoluble carbohydrate fraction (cyst wall glucan) increased correspondingly. Clearly, the conversion of cytoplasmic glucan into wall glucan plays a major role in zoospore encystment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424905
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and differentiation of the cell wall of Phytophthora palmivora: Cysts, hyphae and sporangia (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 79 (1971), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Walls from cysts, hyphae and sporangia of Phytophthora palmivora consist chiefly (ca. 90% dry wt) of β-glucans with 1,3-, 1,4- and 1,6-links. The glucans are predominatly β-1,3-linked but there are significant differences in the relative proportion of 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,4-linked glucosyl residues among the three wall types. There are also differences in protein content, susceptibility to degradation by various β-glucanases, and surface texture. The isolated cyst wall consists solely of a thin fabric of long, tightly interwoven, randomly oriented microfibrils. Both inner and outer surfaces of the cyst wall are distinctly microfibrillar. The hyphal wall has two different textures; the internal surface is distinctly microfibrillar while the external surface is non-fibrillar. In a germinated cyst, there is a zone of demarcation where the microfibrils of the cyst wall disappear into the smooth outer texture of the germ tube wall. An exo-β-1,3-glucanase preferentially removed the amorphous material of the outer surface of the germ tube leaving exposed a continuous microfibrillar fabric from cyst to hyphal tube. Conceivably, the textural and structural differentiation of the cell wall may play a decisive role in cellular morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424906
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of IgG subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies in antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of feline macrophages (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 139 (1994), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection was studied in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 using mouse neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to the spike protein of FIPV. Even among the MAbs that have been shown to recognize the same antigenic site, IgG 2a MAbs enhanced FIPV infection strongly, whereas IgG 1 MAbs did not. These IgG 2a MAbs enhanced the infection even when macrophages pretreated with the MAb were washed and then inoculated with the virus. Immunofluorescence flow cytometric analysis of the macrophages treated with each of the MAbs showed that the IgG 2a MAbs but not the IgG 1 MAbs bound to feline alveolar macrophages. Treatment of the IgG 2a MAb with protein A decreased the binding to the macrophages and, in parallel, diminished the ADE activity. Although no infection was observed by inoculation of FIPV to human monocyte cell line U937 cells, FIPV complexed with either the IgG 2a MAb or the IgG 1 MAb caused infection in U937 cells which are shown to express Fc gamma receptor (Fc γ R) I and II that can bind mouse IgG 2a and IgG 1, respectively. These results suggest that the enhancing activity of MAb is closely correlated with IgG subclass and that the correlation is involved in binding of MAb to Fc γ R on feline macrophage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310791
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus: preparation of monoclonal antibody that shows cell tropism in neutralizing activity after viral absorption into the cells (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection of feline macro-phages is enhanced by mouse anti-FIPV monoclonal antibody (MAb). This anti-body-dependent enhancement (ADE) of FIPV infection is dependent on mouse MAb subclass, and MAb of IgG2a subclass has a strong ADE activity. Furthermore, MAb showing strong neutralizing activity in Felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells and Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells shows strong enhancing activity in feline macrophages, indicating that the neutralizing epitope and the enhancing epitope are closely related. In this study, we prepared MAb FK50-4 that showed a strong neutralizing activity in feline macrophages, despite the fact that the MAb belonged to the IgG2a subclass. However, MAb FK50-4 did not exhibit neutralizing activity in CrFK cells or fcwf-4 cells, thus showing a very unusual property. MAb FK50-4 recognized FIPV small integral membrane glycoprotein (M protein). Even when feline macrophages were pretreated with MAb FK50-4 prior to FIPV inoculation, this antibody prevented FIPV infection. This reaction disappeared after treatment of FK50-4 with protein A. The neutralizing activity of FK50-4 was also effective on feline macrophages after the cells were inoculated with FIPV. These findings indicated that the FIPV replication mechanism differs between feline macrophages and CrFK/fcwf-4 cells and that a neutralizing epitope that can prevent FIPV infection of feline macrophages after viral absorption is present on M protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050001
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of the glomerular filtration membrane in the rat kidney (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 299-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renal glomerulus (Rat) ; Endothelial cells ; Blood capillaries ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat kidney was perfused with saline and glutaraldehyde, treated with Murakami's tannin-osmium impregnation method, ethanol-freeze cracked and dried by the critical point method. Gold-palladium evaporated specimens were observed in a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The glomerular filtration membrane, fractured in different planes was observed with the following results: 1. Adjacent pedicles originate from different podocytes. No interpedicular bridges of apparent cytoplasmic nature could be found. 2. The basement membrane, in grazing fractures shows a horizontally layered architecture. 3. The attenuated endothelial sheet (lamina fenestrata) is divided into compartments, which we suggest should be called “areolae fenestratae”, by cytoplasmic crests radiating from the nucleated portion of the endothelial cell. A crest also occurs along the cell margin, which contacts a similar crest at the margin of the adjacent cell. 4. The pores in the areolae fenestratae are variable in size (30−150 nm diameter). A knob-like projection from the apparently naked basement membrane is found in a portion of the pores. 5. Numerous microvilli may occur on the endothelium. Some of them anastomose and fuse with one another to form a net whose meshes appear identical with the endothelial pores. Domes and shelves formed of a fenestrated cytoplasmic sheet also occur above the ordinary level of the endothelial lining. A hypothesis implicating microvilli in partial renewal of the endothelial sheet is proposed. This study was assisted by Mr. K. Adachi of the SEM Laboratory at the Niigata University School of Medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220127
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