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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We have studied whether Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is involved in the mechanism of long-term potentiation (LTP) at nicotinic synapses of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs) were recorded in a low-Ca2+, high-Mg2+ solution and quantal analysis was applied. The conditioning stimulation of the B-type preganglionic nerve at 20 Hz for 4 min consistently enhanced the amplitude and quantal content of fast EPSP for 〉 2 h, but only sometimes enhanced the quantal size. The LTP of quantal content produced by the conditioning tetanus was blocked by thapsigargin, a blocker of Ca2+ pumps at Ca2+ stores, applied before or after the conditioning tetanus, and by Xestospongin C, a blocker of inositoltrisphosphate (IP3) receptors, applied before the tetanus. It was not, however, blocked by ryanodine, a blocker and/or activator of ryanodine receptors, or by propranolol, a blocker of β-adrenergic receptors. Thus the long-lasting activity of the preganglionic nerve at a high frequency causes the LTP of impulse-evoked transmitter release by the activation of CICR from thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores in the nerve terminals. It is likely that a large Ca2+ entry into the nerve terminals during tetanic activity primes ryanodine-insensitive Ca2+ release channels for activation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Schlagwort(e): Coronary artery ; Calcium-induced contraction ; Hypothermia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of calcium and temperature on the tension of isolated canine coronary arterial strips were studied. In 20 mEq·l −1 K solution, the tension was significantly increased from 0 mg with 0 mEq·l −1 Ca to 33 ± 18 mg with 0.2 mEq·l −1 Ca at 37°C, from −40 ± 18 mg with 0 mEq·l −1 Ca to −17 ± 11 mg with 0.2 mEq·l −1 Ca at 30°C, from −77 ± 19 mg with 0 mEq·l −1 Ca to −52 ± 17 mEq·l −1 with 1 mEq·l −1 Ca at 25°C, from −88 ± 13 mg with 0 mEq·l −1 Ca to −41 ± 18 mg with 2 mEq·l −1 Ca at 20°C, from −125 ± 16 mg with 0 mEq·l −1 Ca to −116 ± 13 mg with 2 mEq·l −1 Ca at 15°C. Ca higher than 0.2 mEq·l −1 produced a dose-dependent increase in tension between 37°C and 15°C. In spite of the presence of 4 mEq·l −1 Ca, the development of tension was strongly supressed by lowering the temperature below 20°C, and completely inhibited at 10°C. The rate of a decrease in tension caused by cooling was about 5.5 mg·°C−1. This study demonstrated that Ca2+ produced a dose-dependent increase in tension in high-K solution, which was suppressed as the temperature was lowered. (Yoshida K, Fujii Y, Ina H, et al.: Effects of calcium and temperature on tension in isolated canine coronary artery. J Anesth 5: 172–176, 1991)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary gland ; Ammonium chloride ; Butyric acid ; Potassium current ; chloride current ; intracellular pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In acinar cells freshly dispersed from rat parotid glands, the effects of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on membrane currents were studied using the whole-cell clamp method. When membrane currents were recorded with command pulses to 0 mV, applied at 2-s intervals from a holding potential of −70 mV, NH4Cl (5–20 mM) transiently decreased outward currents and then slowly increased both outward and inward currents. After reaching a peak in about 40–50 s, both outward and inward currents gradually decreased in the presence of NH4Cl and, on its wash-out, the currents returned to the control level. Butyrate (5–20 mM) had little effect on the resting membrane currents, but markedly inhibited the response to NH4Cl. Tetraethylammonium (5 mM) strongly reduced both the resting and NH4Cl-induced outward currents, whereas it slightly potentiated the NH4Cl-induced inward current without affecting the membrane current at the holding potential. Without ATP in the patch pipettes, carbachol-induced membrane currents were relatively resistant to Ca2+ removal from the external medium, but NH4Cl-induced currents were quickly abolished in the absence of Ca2+. We conclude that intracellular alkalinization with NH4Cl increases Ca2+ influx and activates Ca2+-dependent outward K+ and inward Cl− currents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary gland ; Muscarinic receptor ; Intracellular Ca ; Intracellular ATP ; Potassium current ; Chloride current ; Tetraethylammonium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In freshly dispersed rat parotid acinar cells, 10 μM carbachol increased outward currents at 0 mV and also inward currents at −70 mV recorded with the whole-cell clamp method using patch pipettes containing 1 mM EGTA. When EGTA in the pipette was increased to 2.4 mM, carbachol increased only outward currents and a further increase of EGTA to 4 mM blocked the carbachol response. Effects of changes in external K+ and Cl− concentrations suggested that outward currents were carried by K+ and inward by Cl−. Effects of Ca2+ removal from the medium differed between experiments with 0 and 5 mM ATP in the patch pipettes. When pipettes contained no ATP, responses evoked by repeated applications of 10 μM carbachol (0.5–1 min) at 1.5–4 min intervals decreased only slowly after Ca2+ removal, outward currents being reduced to 90±6% and inward currents to 47±11% (n=6) in 10 min. On the other hand, when 5 mM ATP was included in the electrodes, Ca2+ removal abolished the carbachol responses in about 5 min (n=4). It was also found that tetraethylammonium (5 mM) strongly reduced both currents, by blocking muscarinic receptors, while Ba2+ (2.4 mM) inhibited only the outward K+ current.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Schlagwort(e): Coronary artery ; Sodium ; Hypothermia ; Tension
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of sodium and temperature on tension of isolated canine coronary arterial strips were studied. In 20 mEq·l −1 K solution, the strength of tension was inversely related to the Na concentration. At 37°C, the tension was significantly increased at 70 mEq·l −1 Na and below. The tension was gradually suppressed by lowering of the temperature from 37°C to 10°C. At 10°C, tension did not developed significantly at Na concentrations between 127 mEq·l −1 and 12 mEq·l −1. It was concluded that the decrease in Na concentrations increased the tension of the canine coronary artery and the lowering of temperature supressed the tension inducted by the decrease in Na concentrations. (Yoshida K, Fujii Y, Ina H, et al.: Effects of sodium and temperature on tension in isolated canine coronary artery. J Anesth 5: 56–59, 1991)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Schlagwort(e): Coronary artery ; Contraction ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Sodium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of magnesium on the tension of isolated canine coronary arterial strips were studied. In the solution containing K+ of 20 mEq·l −1, Ca2+ of 4 mEq·l −1, and Na+ of 127 mEq·l −1, the tension was 811 ± 111 mg with Mg2+ of 1 mEq·l −1, 494 ± 135 mg with Mg2+ of 10 mEq·l −1, 272 ± 126 mg with Mg2+ of 20 mEq·l −1, −52 ± 63 mg with Mg2+ of 30 mEq·l −1, −69 ± 80 mg with Mg2+ of 40 mEq·l −1. In the solution containing K+ of 20 mEq·l −1, Na+ of 12 mEq·l −1 and Ca2+ of 0 mEq·l −1, the tension was 102 ± 22 mg with Mg2+ of 1 mEq·l −1, 3 ± 35 mg with Mg2+ of 10 mEq·l −1, −49 ± 33 mg with Mg2+ of 20 mEq·l −1, −59 ± 49 mg with Mg2+ of 30 mEq·l −1, −65 ± 54 mg with Mg2+ of 40 mEq·l −1. The data demonstrated that Mg2+ above 30 mEq·l −1 inhibited the increase in tension caused by Ca2+ and Mg2+ above 20 mEq·l −1 inhibited the increase in tension caused by low Na+ concentration. (Yoshida K, Usui A, Hibi M, et al.: Effects of magnesium on isolated canine coronary arterial tension. J Anesth 7: 184–188, 1993)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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