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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of oral cisapride and metoclopramide in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: an eight-week double-blind crossover study (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nineteen diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy were enrolled in a double-blind crossover study of cisapride, metoclopramide and placebo. Symptoms were evaluated from diary cards and from assessments undertaken at the end of each eight week treatment period. Measurements of oesophageal transit, gastric emptying and whole gut transit were made before treatment began and at the end of each treatment period. Three patients dropped out early in the study, and the results from 16 patients were analysed.The severity of autonomic neuropathy, judged from cardiovascular reflex tests, correlated with delayed oesophageal transit and prolonged gastric emptying, but abnormal oesophageal transit and gastric emptying were often unrelated to the presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Neither cisapride nor metoclopramide had a statistically significant effect on oesophageal transit, gastric emptying or whole-gut transit, nor was any significant effect on symptoms identified, although a trend towards reduced nausea and vomiting with metoclopramide and reduced epigastric fullness and diarrhoea with cisapride was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00192.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of calcium absorption by a double-isotope method
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes 15 (1964), S. 497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-708X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-708X(64)90085-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable chromium as a tracer for red cells, with assay by neutron activation analysis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes 20 (1969), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-708X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-708X(69)90146-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The early effects of sympathectomy on bone blood flow (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 622-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Sympathectomy ; Microspheres ; Bone blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Several laboratories, including our own, have investigated the physiology of bone blood flow by perfusion of the tibia via the nutrient artery. Any damage caused to the nerve supply by cannulation of the artery might affect the results. The possible effect of such damage was investigated by measuring blood flow to the dog tibia using a microsphere technique, before and after sympathectomy. No effect was found and the tibial nutrient artery is therefore a suitable vessel for perfusion when estimating nutrient exchange in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405377
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations of radioactive microspheres as tracers for bone blood flow and extraction ratio studies (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; blood flow ; microspheres ; fluorine ; strontium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radioactive microspheres have been used for measuring bone blood flow and the extraction ratios of bone-seeking radionuclides, but we have shown that the technique is not completely valid. Bone uptake of18F and85Sr was compared with that of microspheres simultaneously injected into the heart or aorta of rats and rabbits under a variety of conditions. In single-passage experiments with quick killing to avoid recirculation, attention was focused on the tibiae and femora which could be dissected quickly to avoid post-mortem migration. For the rest of the skeleton, the effect of the latter was minimized by allowing recirculation for 5 min and comparing blood flow determinations in conjunction with a cardiac output measurement. The apparent extraction ratio of18F was variable and always exceeded unity in the single-passage experiments. With recirculation, there were significant differences between the extraction ratios for some bones, and the ratios sometimes exceeded unity. Extraction ratios for85Sr were similarly variable, but lower. When85Sr was compared directly with18F, the relative extraction ratio was 0.8, with little variation between bones or animals. It is concluded that the flux of microspheres entering the vasculature of bone is not representative of blood flow, owing to the removal of some microspheres in pre-osseous capillary beds. Microspheres are therefore not a satisfactory standard for the determination of extraction ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407191
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the Measurement of Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Spine by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 126-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Dual-energy absorptiometry — Spine bone mineral — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is frequently used for longitudinal studies of bone mineral status because of the high precision obtained, but evidence is emerging that the accuracy of measurements of changes may be a limitation because of artefacts of the analysis procedure, in particular, a dependence of the measured bone area (BA) on the bone mineral content (BMC). Results of spine bone mineral measurements taken at intervals with two DXA scanners, a Hologic QDR 1000W, and a Norland XR 26 HS, were examined. There was a consistent correlation between changes in BA and in BMC, with a slope of approximately 0.25 when expressed as percentages. A real change of BA of the magnitude observed is not feasible. There were no differences among the correlations for different instruments, genders, ages, or weight changes. There would appear to be an underestimation of changes in bone mineral density (BMD), but there is a possibility that some of the anomaly is manifested as an overestimation of a change in BMC. Phantom measurements were undertaken with the DXA scanners mentioned above and with a Lunar DPX. The phantoms consisted of simulations of the spine cut from aluminium sheet, so that the effective BMD could be varied. The dependence of the measured BA on BMC varied with the phantom outline, particularly the thickness of the transverse processes. Evidence was obtained of both an underestimate of BMD changes and an overestimate of BMC changes. There are errors in measuring spine changes, but these do not seem to be as serious as a previous report suggests for the Hologic scanner and are not likely to lead to misinterpretation of results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900502
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodine 131 labelled ioglycamic acid (Biligram) for scintiscanning in hepatobiliary disorders (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 4 (1979), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Iodine-131 labelled Biligram1 has been evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for dynamic scintiscanning of the liver and biliary tract. In 10 normal subjects there was good visualisation of the liver and gallbladder. In 18 patients 131I Biligram was found to be unsatifactory for differentiating parenchymal liver disease from biliary tract obstruction owing to inability to demonstrate the gallbladder when liver function was more than mildly deranged. Quantitative analyses of blood clearance and hepatic activity curves for 131I Biligram were not clinically helpful. Urinary excretion of 131I Biligram increased with the degree of hepatic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257562
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of 99mTc pertechnetate scanning for the detection of coeliac disease and Crohn's disease (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 6 (1981), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the use of abdominal scintiscanning in the detection of small bowel pathology, the accumulation of pertechnetate (99mTc), following intravenous injection, has been studied in 21 patients with coeliac disease, 13 patients with Crohn's disease and in 83 control subjects without known small bowel disease. Although a trend for a greater accumulation of 99mTc was noted in patients with coeliac disease and Crohn's disease compared with controls (P(0.025) there was a large overlap in individual studies. Under the conditions of this study the accumulation of 99mTc by the small bowel did not provide a reliable diagnostic test for coeliac disease or Crohn's disease of the small intestine. The accumulation of 99mTc pertechnetate by normal small bowel suggests that scintiscanning with this radiopharmaceutical does not provide a consistently reliable method for the detection of small bowel pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251338
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total and peripheral bone mass in patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (1986)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 5 (1986), S. 372-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Psoriatic Arthritis ; Rheumatoid Arthritis ; Bone Mass ; Total Body Calcium ; Metacarpal Indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Psoriatic arthritis is thought to be associated with periarticular osteoporosis while rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with generalised as well as periarticular bone loss. To assess the extent of total and peripheral bone loss in these two diseases, total body calcium was measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis and peripheral bone mass was assessed by metacarpal indices in age-matched patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone. In comparison with age and sex-matched normal controls, total and peripheral bone mass was normal in psoriatic arthritis. There were significant reductions in total (6.2% in men; 7.9% in women) and peripheral (10.9% in men; 12.8% in women) bone mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls. Peripheral bone mass was significantly correlated with the degree of radiographic damage in male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean annual loss of total body calcium was insignificant in psoriatic arthritis (0.6% in men; 1.9% in women) but markedly greater in rheumatoid arthritis (4.4% in men; 2.7% in women). The data suggested that total and peripheral bone loss is greater in rheumatoid arthritis than psoriatic arthritis. Substantial reductions in peripheral bone mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis not receiving corticosteroids may account in part for the small reductions in total bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054256
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invalidity of single-passage measurements of the extraction of bone-seeking tracers in rats and rabbits (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2 (1984), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Bone blood flow ; Strontium ; Fluorine ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single-passage experiments in which bone-seeking tracers are injected arterially at the same time as microspheres to determine an extraction ratio are only valid if the maximum transit time through bone is less than the minimum recirculation time. This validity was investigated by injecting various intravascular and more diffusible tracers into the hearts or aortas of rats and rabbits at different times before the rapid cessation of circulation. At no time between 4 and 60 s after injection did the bone concentration of any of the tracers fall to negligible values. Removal of unbound tracer is therefore not complete before recirculation starts, and the single-passage technique is invalid. Measurements of bone blood flow based on the clearance of 18F cannot be substantiated, as its extraction is flow dependent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100020112
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