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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of l-3,4-Bihydroxyphenylalanine by Tyrosine Hydroxylase cDNA-Transfected C6 Cells: Application for Intracerebral Grafting (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we obtained genetically manipulated nonneuronal cells which synthesize a catecholamine precursor for future use in intracerebral grafting. Human type 1 tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14.16.2) cDNA was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pKCRH2 and was co-transfected into C6 cells with plasmid pSV2neo. Expression of the TH minigene was screened by immuno-histochemical staining with TH antibody and immunoblot-ting analysis. Several clones of the C6 transfectahts that produce TH molecules were obtained. These cells showed TH activity, and the product, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), was detected intracellulary due to the ajbsence of L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) activity. It was found that a large amount of L-DOPA was released from the cells into the culture medium. These transfectants were transplanted into rat brain, and the expression of TH was examined immunohistochemically. On the 10th day following transplantation, a mass of C6 cells which was heavily stained with TH antibody was observed in the brain. These findings may provide us with an opportunity to investigate the effects of intracerebral transplantation of nonneuronal cells that produce catecholamine or its precursor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11765.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Growth Suppression of Astrocytoma C6 Cells by Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein cDNA Transfection (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The cellular functions of the intermediate filament family including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are not well known yet beyond their roles as structural elements of cells. Expression of GFAP, which is specific in astrocytes and regulated developmentally, suggests its involvement in cell growth and differentiation of astrocytes. We transfected murine GFAP cDNA into a rat astrocytoma C6 cell line to assess the specific effect of GFAP on cells. Two stable GFAP-transfected cell lines, GFC6-5 and GFC6-6, exhibited a series of morphological and growth characteristics that distinguish them from their counterparts, i.e., NeoC6 cells transfected only with the neomycin-resistant gene, and native C6 cells. Both GFC6-5 and GFC6-6 cells showed elongated cell shapes with extended processes rich in GFAP, markedly suppressed cell growth, and decreased bromodeoxyuridine uptake. Western blot analysis revealed a remarkable increase of GFAP expression in GFC6-5 and GFC6-6 compared with that in NeoC6 and C6, in contrast to similar vimentin expression in all cell lines. The results indicate that the expression of GFAP has dramatic effects on cell morphology and cell growth suppression in C6 cells, suggesting that GFAP may function as a tumor suppressor in astrocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63051975.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry and hormone release of pituitary adenomas in relation to prolactin production (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 31-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Prolactin ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen cases of pituitary adenoma, 14 of which were associated with hyperprolactinemia, were studied by observation and granule morphometry of electron micrographs, immunohistochemistry and sequential observation of in vitro release with regard to hormone production, storage and secretion. Adenoma cells of 6 cases with marked elevation of plasma prolactin were sparsely granulated, showed characteristic ultrastrucures including the presence of small secretory granules, well developed Golgi and rough membranes, misplaced exocytosis, and positive or negative immunostaining for prolactin. These adenomas also showed vigorous release of the hormone into the circulation and/or culture medium. In vitro studies showed that negative immunostaining of adenoma cells did not preclude the production and secretion of the hormone. One densely granulated adenoma containing cells with numerous lactotroph type granules showed moderate release of prolactin into the circulation. In an acromegalic case associated with both high plasma growth hormone and prolactin, some cells were shown by immunohistochemistry to store both hormones. There were 4 adenomas which could not be shown to produce, store and secrete prolactin by any method available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428427
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of growth hormone (GH) and glycoprotein subunit a in GH-producing pituitary adenomas in acromegalic patients (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 568-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: KeyWordsAcromegaly ; Pituitary gland ; Growth hormone ; Gonadotropin α-subunit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-one consecutive cases of pituitary adenoma in acromegalic patients were studied by immunohistochemistry. All adenomas contained cells immunoreactive with the anti-α-subunit of gonadotropic hormones (α; 0.6 – 53   % of tumor cells) as well as with anti-growth hormone (GH; 4 – 74   % of tumor cells). In serial section study, most cells immunoreactive with anti-α were identical to cells immunoreactive with anti-GH. There was a positive correlation between the percentages of cells immunoreactive for α in GH cells [α(%)/GH(%)] and those for prolactin (PRL) in immunoreactive tumor cells ♪PRL(%)/[PRL(%)+GH(%)]♪ in mixed GH cell-PRL cell adenomas, suggesting that the α-subunit may play a role in emergence of PRL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293316
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from cultured astrocytes and its modulation by cytokines (1995)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 20 (1995), S. 1187-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) ; CNTF receptor ; astrocyte ; cytokine ; phosphatidylinositolspecific phospholipase C ; enzyme immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CNTF rescues various types of lesioned neurons in vivo, and it needs to be released from astrocytes into the extracellular space to have the effect. However, direct evidence for CNTF release has not been unequivocally demonstrated. We hypothesized that the rapid sequestration by CNTF receptor present on cultured astrocytes might be the cause of the inability to detect CNTF released into astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). Therefore, we measured CNTF immunoreactivity in medium conditioned by astrocytes treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) which was used to prevent released CNTF from binding to the CNTF receptor, since PI-PLC cleaves glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor of CNTFRα, the unique component involved in CNTF binding. CNTF was not detectable in untreated ACM, but was detectable in PI-PLC-treated ACM. These results together with the evidence that PI-PLC treatment did not have a toxic effect on astrocytes prove the fact that CNTF can be released from astrocytes without cell lysis. Subsequently, the effect of cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and EGF on CNTF release was examined. These cytokines increased CNTF protein levels in ACMs without increasing CNTF protein levels in astrocyte-extracts, indicating that they enhanced CNTF release from astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995382
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neural origin generating early cortical components of SEP: Topographical analysis using temporal-second-order-differentiation of cortical SEPs (1996)
    Springer
    Brain topography 8 (1996), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Neural origin ; SEP ; Topography ; Central sulcus ; Dipoles ; Second order differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to identify dipole generators of the N20/P20 and P25, we employed second-order-differentiation in the temporal dimension (temporal-second-order-differentiation; TSOD) with Δt=2 msec. The rate of variation in the voltage of cortical SEPs calculated by TSOD identified responses of each dipole, reflecting the density of neuronal firing. On topographic analysis, the distributions of N20/P20 and P25 conformed to the shape of gyrus better in the TSOD maps than in the isovoltage maps. The TSOD maps indicated that N20 and P25 were post-central components and that P20 was a pre-central one. Therefore, we concluded that the two dipoles generating N20/P20 and P25 were located in the posterior wall of the central sulcus (area 3b) and the crown (areas 1 and 2) of the post-central gyrus, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01184774
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful Survival of Grafted Transgenic Neural Plate Cells in Adult Central Nervous System Environment (1999)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 19 (1999), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: intracerebral grafting ; gene therapy ; CNS stem cell ; Parkinson's disease ; neural plate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Accumulating evidence indicates that damaged brain functions can be ameliorated in a variety of animal models by the grafting of fetal neuronal cell or tissue into damaged brain. Clinical trials are under way to determine whether human fetal mesencephalic tissue can ameliorate motor functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. 2. Autopsy findings of parkinsonian patient implanted with human fetal mesencephalic tissue clearly revealed that the fetal neuronal graft can survive for an extended period of time in the human brain and densely reinnervate the surrounding host striatal tissue. 3. It is, however, still important to obtain more practical, effective, and ethically justifiable donor material for the future clinical application of the procedures. Desirable properties for the donor cells include long-term survival in the brain, neuronal cell type for the reconstruction of damaged neural circuits, and susceptibility to genetic manipulation for the practical use. 4. With the development of molecular biology techniques, genetic modification and transplantation of the donor neuronal cells might be a feasible way to cure many kinds of central nervous system diseases toward a “graft-gene therapy.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006916624755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wilms' tumor with intracranial metastases presenting with intracranial hemorrhage (1985)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 1 (1985), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Intracranial metastasis ; Wilms' tumor ; Intracranial hemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracranial metastasis of Wilms' tumor is very rare. Furthermore, intracerebral hemorrhage is an unusual presentation of metastases. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who had multiple intracranial metastatic lesions, initially presenting as an intracranial hemorrhage. Removal of the tumors and hematoma was followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Thereafter, complete remission occurred. It is thought that this malignant tumor with metastases may be curable through combined therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272029
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