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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The incidence of juvenile diabetes mellitus in New Zealand (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Incidence ; seasonal trends ; geographical pattern ; New Zealand ; epidemiology ; juvenile onset ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of juvenile diabetes in New Zealand over a five year period (1968–1972) was determined from hospital admission data stored at the Department of Health, National Statistics Centre. The average annual incidence for persons under 20 years was 10.4 persons/100,000. There was no sex difference below 16 years, and the increased incidence among females 16–19 years could be attributed to pregnancy. There was a 1.4-fold higher incidence in the South Island than in the North Island. There were no regular seasonal trends. The incidence was constant between 1–9 years increasing to a sustained 2.2-fold higher level from 11 years. The absence of childhood peaks and the sustained higher incidence in adolescence is in contrast to European studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228298
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extractable phosphorus to predict agronomic effectiveness of ground and unground phosphate rocks (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphate rock ; phosphate rock reactivity ; chemical extractable P ; formic-P ; citric-P ; neutral ammonium citrate-P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The reactivity of 11 phosphate rocks (PRs), both in their finely ground and unground forms, and containing up to 12% of CaCO3 were estimated from the P extracted with 2% citric acid, 2% formic acid and neutral ammonium citrate. With the neutral ammonium citrate, PRs were also extracted sequentially. To determine the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of PRs a greenhouse experiment was conducted using three soils of different P retention, and growing ryegrass as the test plant. PRs were applied at three rates plus control. Ground Sechura PR was employed as the standard PR and single superphosphate was included to determine maximum dry matter production. Three cuts of ryegrass were taken over 4 months in 2 soils, and 8 cuts over 10 months in one soil. RAE of the PRs was calculated from dry matter yields obtained at a fertiliser P rate where superphosphate gave 90% of the maximum attainable yield, and also from the yield and P uptake values averaged over rates of application. Amount of P extracted by the different reagents correlated closely with each other (R2 0.82–0.99). Chemical extractable P integrated the effect of particle size as well as the inherent chemical reactivity of PRs. Formic P expanded the scale and thus was the most sensitive indicator to rank PRs. The ranking of PRs were similar between soils. RAEs between soils correlated significantly (R2 = 0.88–0.91). For predicting the agronomic potential of PRs, RAEs calculated from 4 cuts of ryegrass over 4 months appeared to be as good as those calculated from 8 cuts, over 10 months. The total P of PRs was smaller in the large and very small size fractions than in the intermediate ones. With unground rocks the extractable P decreased with increasing particle size mainly due to their decreasing specific surface area. Practical implications of these results are discussed. Extractable P did not decline with increasing total P in the different size fractions of PRs. End-over-end shakers, unlike wrist-action shakers, gave consistent extractable P values. Formic-P was the best predictor of the agronomic effectiveness of PRs even when the data from ground and unground PRs, and from 3 soils of differing P retention were treated as one population (R2 = 0.87–0.92).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partially acidulated phosphate rocks: Phosphorus release characteristics (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 22 (1990), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Partially acidulated phosphate rock ; inorganic phosphate fractionation ; phosphate dissipation ; phosphate release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five phosphate rocks varying in formic acid P solubility from 18.9 to 52.7%, expressed as percentage of total P, were acidulated with phosphoric or sulphuric acids to 0, 20%, 33% and 50% of full acidulation and granulated. In an incubation experiment fertilizer granules of diameter 1–2 mm were mixed with two acid soils and after 1 week incubation soil samples were extracted with a 0.5 M NaOH solution. In a dissipation experiment single fertilizer granules of 4 mm diameter were implanted into soil, incubated for 1 and 4 weeks and inorganic P fractionation in the residual granules and the surrounding soil was performed. Dissipated P was greater than the water soluble P content of the partly acidulated phosphate rock fertilizers indicating the dissolution of the non-acidulated phosphate rocks. The amount of P dissipated was related to the initial water soluble P content and to the formic acid solubility of phosphate rocks used for manufacturing the fertilizers. The P dissipated increased with an increase in soil acidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116184
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pH, time and rate of application on phosphate rock dissolution and availability to pastures (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphate rock ; soil pH ; andepts ; white clover ; ryegrass ; soil phosphorus ; monocalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The agronomic effectiveness of an unground reactive phosphate rock from Sechura, Peru, was compared with that of monocalcium phosphate in a severely P deficient and highly P retentive soil (vitrandept) over a period of three years. Soil pHs were adjusted to pH 5.1, 5.3, 5.6 and 6.4. The sward consisted mostly of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Fertilisers were applied at six rates at pH 5.3 and three rates at other pHs in the first year. For two of the rates fertilisers were reapplied in the second year. Dry matter yields, P uptake and ground cover of clover were determined during the experimental period. In phosphate rock treated plots a negative linear relationship was obtained between soil pH and the logarithm of yield. The agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rock relative to monocalcium phosphate increased with time at all pHs. Calculated at fertiliser rates which produced near maximum yields, relative agronomic effectiveness at soil pHs 5.1, 5.3, 5.6 and 6.4 were respectively 58, 60, 18, and 5 in year one; 118, 125, 77 and 38 in year three. At pH 5.3, as the rate of application increased the relative agronomic effectiveness of the phosphate rock generally decreased in year one but was enhanced in the intermediate rates in years two and three. The data for ground cover of clover gave a similar trend to that for herbage yield and P uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048859
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use and chemical composition of ryegrass (Lolium) cultivars (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium concentration ; Chemical composition ; Lolium multiflorum Lam ; Lolium perenne L ; Macronutrients ; Roots ; Ryegrass cultivars ; Shoots ; Water use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significant differences in total dry matter yields of shoots and roots were found between 11 ryegrass (Lolium) cultivars grown in a glasshouse. Although shoot yield varied significantly between individual cultivars there was no overall difference between the annual and perennial cultivars; whereas for roots, the yields of the perennial plants were much smaller than those of the annual types. Water use (g H2O g total DM−1) also varied significantly between cultivars. However, there was no relationship between efficient water use and dry matter production. No significant differences were found in shoot composition between the cultviars for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; however, concentrations of sulphur, magnesium, calcium, and sodium varied significantly. Sodium concentrations were generally higher in the annual compared to the perennial cultivars. For roots only nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur differed significantly between cultivars. Of the elements only calcium in the shoots was shown to be related to water use. Thus cultivars which were low users of water also had significantly lower calcium concentrations in their shoots. Water use appeared to affect the absorption of calcium by the root to a far greater extent than the transport from roots to shoot. An apparent relationship between magnesium concentration in the shoots and water use was shown to be due to the close association of magnesium with calcium in the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185700
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