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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation Behaviour and Related Mechanical Properties of B-Added ULC- and IF Steels (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 284-286 (June 1998), p. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.284-286.209.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Factorial Study of the Recrystallization Structures and Textures for Low-Carbon Steel Sheet (1993)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 113-115 (Jan. 1993), p. 673-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/59/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.113-115.673.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen resistance and deficiency have different effects on the growing skeleton of the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 198-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth ; Androgens ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mature male, female, and androgen-resistant testicular feminized (Tfm) male rats of the same strain were sacrificed at the age of 120 days. Young male and Tfm rats were orchidectomized (orch) at 1 month of age and sacrificed at 120 days. The right femora were dissected, cleaned, defatted, and scanned with the Hologic QDR-1000. Orch and Tfm rats had similar body weights that were intermediate between body weights of their normal male and female littermates. Serum IGF-I concentrations were lowest in Tfm rats; IGF-1 concentrations in orch rats were not lower than in males. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry yielded the following results: Total femoral mass and area were lower in female, Tfm rats and in both orch groups compared with intact male rats. Femoral bone density was, however, only decreased in orch rats. Bone density measured in an area containing only cortical bone was not different between groups. However, the density was lower in orch rats in an area containing both cancellous and cortical bone. This finding is consistent with a ±50% decrease of cancellous bone volume in orch rats compared with all other groups at the proximal tibial metaphysis (an area containing mainly cancellous bone). These data show that Tfm rats, despite having lower IGF-I levels in serum, low body weight, and decreased femoral areas, manage—in contrast with orchidectomized rats—to maintain similar trabecular bone densities and volumes during growth. We conclude that trabecular bone densities can be preserved in androgen-resistant male rats independent of bone or body growth velocity or IGF-I secretion. We postulate that the modest increase of estrogen concentration in this animals and/or in situ aromatization may be responsible for the maintenance of the cancellous bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425875
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgens and bone (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Androgen receptors are present at low densities in osteoblasts. Androgens are also metabolized in bone. (Non)aromatizable androgens probably induce proliferation of osteoblasts and differentiation. A direct effect of androgens on osteoclasts has not been demonstrated. Androgens may however inhibit bone resorption indirectly, by an inhibition of the recruitment of osteoclast precursors from bone marrow, by decreased secretion of interleukin-6 and/or prostaglandin E2, and/or by an increased sensitivity of marrow cells or osteoblasts for bone resorption stimulating factors such as PTH. The recent demonstration of androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal and osteoclast-like cells opens new perspectives in this respect. During puberty, androgens stimulate bone growth both directly and indirectly. Observations in androgen-resistant animals clearly demonstrated that the sexual dimorphism of bone depends on the presence of a functional androgen receptor. Optimal peak bone mass seems related to an appropriately timed androgen secretion. In adults, androgens are also involved in maintenance of the male skeleton. Androgen replacement may prevent further bone loss in hypogonadal men, however, it seems difficult to fully correct bone mass in these men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301598
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatization of Androgens is Important for Skeletal Maintenance of Aged Male Rats (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Androgens — Bone — Vorozole — Aromatase — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor vorozole (VOR) was administered to aged (12 months old) male Wistar rats and its effect was compared with the effect of androgen deficiency. The rats were either sham-operated (SHAM) or orchidectomized (ORCH) and treated with or without VOR. Thus, four experimental groups were created (SHAM, ORCH, SHAM + VOR, ORCH + VOR). The follow-up period was 4 months. At the end of the experimental period, bone mineral density (BMD) of the first four lumbar vertebrae and right femur was measured ex vivo with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone formation was evaluated by serum osteocalcin, and bone resorption by urinary excretion of (deoxy)pyridinoline. Orchidectomy increased bone resorption 2- to 3-fold whereas bone formation was only slightly increased. Treatment of intact male rats with VOR also increased bone resorption (+30% increase) whereas bone formation was not increased in this SHAM + VOR group. Their BMD was 7% lower in the femur (P 〈 0.01) and 6% lower in the lumbar vertebrae (P 〈 0.01) compared with the SHAM group that had not received VOR. Moreover, this decrease of bone mineral density was not significantly different from the expected decrease of bone density observed in the ORCH groups (6–10%). This was also reflected by a decrease of calcium content of the first four lumbar vertebrae of 15% (P 〈 0.001) in the SHAM + VOR group and 9–14% (P 〈 0.05) in the ORCH groups compared with the SHAM group, respectively. These data therefore suggest that inhibition of aromatization of androgens into estrogens increases bone resorption and bone loss similar to that observed after complete removal of androgens. Aromatization of androgens into estrogens may therefore, at least partly, explain the effects of androgens on skeletal maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis: Role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (1994)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 13 (1994), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Cauda Equina Syndrome ; Ankylosing Spondylitis ; Computed Tomography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present two cases of cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis, the pathogenesis of which is not well understood. The onset is insidious with pain and sensory symptoms; sphincter disturbances are common. After a period of increasing neurological symptoms, the condition tends to stabilize. The degree of nerve involvement is variable and can be accurately defined by electromyography. The diagnosis has to be confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); myelography must be avoided. There is no specific treatment, except for pain control. The different clinical presentations and the role of new imaging techniques, CT and MRI, are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02249028
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