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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isozyme and RAPD polymorphisms in Heterobasidion annosum in Italy (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Forest pathology 28 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphisms were used to study variability in a group of 41 isolates from the Italian population of Heterobasidion annosum. The isolates belonged to the intersterility groups P and S, and particularly to the group that is most widely distributed in Italy, group F. Isozyme analysis was effective in identifying the three intersterility groups and revealed a high degree of genetic divergence within the P group isolates; the mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI-2) locus was diagnostic in the attribution of isolates to the more correlated F and S groups. RAPDs were detected following amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 74 RAPD fragments, obtained through amplifications with eight primers, were scored. Isolates from the 3 intersterility groups were clearly divergent based on analysis of RAPD markers. However, a similarity index calculated for the isolates within the F population indicated a high uniformity of the isolates collected throughout the Italian peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1998.tb01166.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast microsatellite variations in tetraploid alfalfa (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) loci were identified in alfalfa (lucerne), Medicago sativa L. The occurrence of allelic variation at these loci was evaluated in 100 plants from 10 populations of tetra-ploid alfalfa, belonging to four Italian ecotypes and to an Italian (‘Lodi’) and an Egyptian (‘Iside’) variety. Twenty-four different alleles were identified, four of which were exclusive to the ‘Iside’ variety. The genetic relationship among plants and among populations was analysed by computing an analysis of molecular variance and an unweighted pair group means analysis clustering. This analysis allowed clear separation of the ‘Iside’ variety from Italian germplasm and the recognition of close relationships within the Italian populations. The data presented suggest that cpSSR analysis of tetraploid alfalfa could be used for germplasm polymorphism analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00537.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of Seiridium species associated with virulent cankers on cypress in the Mediterraneanregion by PCR-SSCP (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 49 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A rapid and sensitive method was developed to discriminate between Seiridium cardinale and Seiridium cupressi, the fungi causing severe cankers on common cypress in the Mediterranean area. The method amplified sequence variants in the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to reveal single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) between the two species. The greatest separation pattern was obtained with a gel matrix containing 7–10% formamide and 3–5% glycerol under optimized running conditions, which were found to be 30–40 V at 4–5°C for 4–8 h. Sequence homology among isolates within each of the two species caused no mobility shifts, with all isolates displaying the same migration pattern. A few base differences between S. cardinale and S. cupressi caused markedly different migration patterns, allowing differentiation of the two pathogens. Differences between these fungi at the genetic level are consistent with known data on morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics. SSCP analysis constitutes a rapid and easy-to-perform method by which to recognize and distinguish closely related organisms, and has considerable potential for use in diagnosis and taxonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00514.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the genetic divergence of Pinus leucodermis Ant. endangered populations: use of molecular markers for conservation purposes (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1138-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Allozymes ; RAPDs ; Genetic differentiation ; Linkage disequilibrium ; Population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In this study, 23 previously identified Mendelian RAPD markers and 16 polymorphic allozymic markers were used to assess divergence among two Greek populations and five Italian populations of Pinus leucodermis. Confidence intervals of observed genetic divergence were obtained using bootstrap analysis. Divergence among Italian populations was found to be about as large as that between Italian and Greek populations. Since it is likely that the split of two nuclei took place more than 10,000 years ago, a larger differentiation between, rather than within, the above nuclei was expected. If genetic drift was responsible for the larger divergence of Italian populations, large randomly generated disequilibrium between alleles at neutral, unlinked loci was expected. Indeed, the proportion of pairs of loci showing a non-random association of alleles within each of the Italian populations was larger than what was expected by pure chance (7.95–10.88%). Effective population size based on randomly generated disequilibrium was quite small for three out of the five populations considered (N e =17.31±1.88, 16.57± 1.73, and 31.41±7.26, respectively). The implications of the results with respect to the conservation of endangered species of trees are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050674
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allozyme, chloroplast DNA and RAPD markers for determining genetic relationships between Abies alba and the relic population of Abies nebrodensis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1012-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Chloroplast DNA ; RAPD ; Genetic variation ; Abies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme, chloroplast (cpDNA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to estimate genetic and taxonomic relationships among different populations of Abies alba and the relic population of A. nebrodensis. Twelve isozyme gene loci, as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at cpDNA spacer regions between t-RNA genes were analysed. Moreover, a set of 60 random sequence 10-mer primers were tested. Over all isozyme loci, evident differences in allele frequencies among A. nebrodensis and A. alba populations were found, particularly at 2 loci, phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi-a) and shikimate dehydrogenase (Skd-a). More than 10% of the total genetic diversity was due to differences among populations. High values of genetic distances among populations were also found. Out of the 60 primers tested, 12 resulted in a polymorphic banding pattern both within and among populations. A total of 84 RAPD fragments were produced by the 12 selected primers. A phenogram of relationships among populations was constructed based on RAPD band sharing: the differentiation of the A. nebrodensis population was evident. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation among individuals within populations and among populations. There was considerable variation within each population: even so, genetic divergence was found among populations. This pattern of genetic variation was very different from that reported for inbred species. Identical cpDNA amplification and restriction patterns were observed among all the individuals sampled from the populations. Taken together, the results of allozyme and RAPDs show a clear differentiation among A. nebrodensis and A. alba populations and provide support for their classification into two different taxonomic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222915
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of genetic diversity in Pinus pinaster Ait. as revealed by chloroplast microsatellites (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 456-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words cpSSR ; Haplotypic diversity ; Recolonization pathway ; Evolutionary history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Using nine chloroplast simple sequence.repeats (cpSSRs) markers, we evaluated haplotypic variation within and among natural populations of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in order to shed light on the history of this species. Seven out of the nine cpSSRs analysed were polymorphic, giving a total of 24 different variants. The 24 variants combined in 34 different haplotypes. The populations which generally showed the lowest level of haplotypic diversity are those located in Portugal. The Landes (France) and Pantelleria (Italy) populations represent the two main reservoirs of haplotypic diversity. The proportion of genetic differentiation among populations, estimated using Rst, which is a measure based upon a strict stepwise mutation model, was 0.235. The high level of differentiation was also confirmed by the AMOVA analysis (ΦST=0.254, P〈0.001). Four main groups of populations were identified on the basis of Principal Component Analysis, with the differences being statistically significant (ΦCT=0.299, P〈0.001). Based on our results the presence of refugia located in the South of Portugal, previously proposed for this species, may be excluded, and a different possible recolonization process of Maritime pine in the post-glacial period has been proposed. Populations from North Africa and France might have represented a starting point of the recolonization process of Portugal and of the Italian part of the natural range, respectively. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by the analysis of the distribution of the pairwise differences among individuals within populations: Landes and Pantelleria populations showed a bimodal distribution, as would be expected for ancient gene pools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050917
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