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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circulating basement membrane zone antibodies in eczema (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 9 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two adult women are presented who had high titres of circulating basement membrane zone antibodies and yet had the clinical and histological features of eczema. The direct immunofluorescence was negative or only weakly positive. The theoretical and practical implications of the immunofluorescence findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1984.tb00752.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon therapy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the result of an autoimmune process characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction. It has been reported that chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not with type 1. Although the prevalence of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus-positive patients is not significantly different to that reported in the general population, it increases during alpha-interferon therapy from 3 to 7%, probably due to the immunostimulatory effects of this cytokine. To date, 31 case reports of type 1 diabetes mellitus related to interferon treatment have been published. Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs more frequently in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C than for other conditions and is irreversible in most cases. In 50% of these patients, markers of pancreatic autoimmunity predated treatment, the majority of cases having a genetic predisposition. Thus, in predisposed individuals, alpha-interferon can either induce or accelerate a diabetogenic process already underway. We suggest that islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies should be investigated before and during interferon treatment in order to identify subjects at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01681.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina: composition of milk during lactation (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of milk constituents during various stages of lactation in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina was carried out. Forty-six milk samples were taken from 30 females throughout lactation during 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1991 on Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Total nitrogen (TN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), sugar, fat, ash and water were measured, and from some of these data true protein and energy content were calculated. The results showed a high degree of variation in water and fat concentrations among samples at different stages of lactation. During the first 20 days the fat content of milk increased from about 12 to approximately 52%, while water content fell from 70 to 33%. The composition of milk changes rapidly during the first days post-partum. Protein, minerals and sugar appear to remain stable after the fourth day of lactation. Milk samples contain significant levels of sugars; thin layer chromatography indicates the presence of lactose and glucose together with other unidentified components. There is evidence of a striking change in composition of the milk in the later part of lactation; the progressive increase in the fat:water ratio is abruptly reversed just prior to weaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240270
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in numbers of male fur seals Arctocephalus gazella during the summer autumn period at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 487-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, population at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) was studied from 1985 to 1987. Weekly counts were carried out at a 4 km bachelor haul-out beach from December through June. Maxima of 2 240, 2 787 and 5 196 juvenile and adult males were counted during March of the respective years. Census data indicate an increase in the non-breeding population of 13.5% between 1985–1986 and 46.5% between 1986–1987.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that the reduced number of natural killer cells in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes may be genetically determined (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 907-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Natural killer cells ; identical twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Viruses may cause Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. We wondered whether the number and function of natural killer cells, which are important in anti-viral defense, are disturbed in diabetic patients. We studied 16 recently diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients, 18 Type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed more than 15 years previously, 18 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 23 control subjects. We determined the number of natural killer cells (expressed as log10%) using anti-Leu 11 monoclonal antibody and the function (in log10 lytic units) concurrently using a 51Cr release assay with K 562 as target cells. We found that the number of natural killer cells was reduced in Type 1 diabetes (1.01±0.04) as compared with Type 2 diabetic patients (1.16±0.04, p=0.004) and normal control subjects (1.16±0.04, p=0.006). To establish whether the reduced natural killer cell number is genetically determined we studied 19 identical twin pairs discordant for Type 1 diabetes; we found that even the non-diabetic co-twins had a reduced natural killer cell number (0.93±0.05, p= 0.0006) as compared with normal control subjects. Natural killer cell function was similar in all groups while natural killer activity per cell was significantly increased in the recently diagnosed diabetic patients (1.63±0.07) as compared with long-standing diabetic patients (1.26±0.26, p= 0.03) and controls subjects (1.36±0.07, p= 0.006). In conclusion the reduced number of natural killer cells in Type 1 diabetes appears to be genetically determined while their activity at diagnosis is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295872
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine overproduction in healthy first degree relatives of patients with IDDM (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; first degree relatives of diabetic patients ; cytokines.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Healthy family members of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are known to share a number of immunological abnormalities with their affected relatives. Since monocyte and type 1 T-cell-derived cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of IDDM, we studied the production of these cytokines in the healthy first degree relatives of 29 children with IDDM. We report that circulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble interleukin-2 (sIL-2) receptor were present in increased amounts in non-diabetic family members at levels similar to those found in the diabetic children (duration of disease 3 months–5 years). Furthermore, marked hypersecretion of IL-1α and TNF-α by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found in both diabetic and healthy family members. Abnormalities of cytokine production in healthy relatives did not correlate with the presence of islet cell antibodies or with HLA DR type. These data indicate that healthy family members of patients with IDDM exhibit overproduction of a number of cytokines that have been implicated in diabetogenesis. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 343–349]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous T-cell proliferation in the non-obese diabetic mouse to a peptide from the unique class II MHC molecule, I-Ag7, which is also protective against the development of autoimmune diabetes (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 560-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords NOD mice ; class II MHC ; I-Ag7 ; T cells ; peptide therapy ; tolerance ; GAD-65.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules present antigenic peptides to T-cells and have an important role in T-cell thymic education. The mechanism by which major histocompatibility complex alleles confer a high genetic risk for autoimmune diabetes is not known. One hypothesis is that during positive thymic selection, the peripheral T-cell repertoire is modelled by major histocompatibility complex-restricted presentation of self major histocompatibility complex molecule-derived peptides, some of which mimic tissue autoantigens. The sequence similarity between a known T-cell epitope of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, 509:VPPSLRTLED and the non-obese diabetic mouse class II major histocompatibility complex molecule I-Ag7 86:VPTSLRRLEQ is consistent with this. Methods. We measured spontaneous proliferation of peripheral T-cells from non-obese diabetic mice and other, non-diabetes-prone strains, to the I-Ag7 86–101 and glutamic acid decarboxylase-65509–524 peptides, binding of these peptides to intact I-Ag7 and assessed the effect of tolerance induction on diabetes development, by injecting young non-obese diabetic mice with high doses of peptide. Results. T-cells from non-obese diabetic, but not other mice strains, spontaneously proliferate to the I-Ag7 86–101 and glutamic acid decarboxylase-65509–524 peptides, but not control peptides. Both test peptides bind I-Ag7. Tolerance induction prolongs diabetes-free survival in non-obese diabetic mice when either the I-Ag7 86–101 or glutamic acid decarboxylase-65509–524 peptide, but not control peptide, is used. Conclusion/interpretation. A peptide from the unique class II major histocompatibility complex, diabetes-susceptibility molecule, I-Ag7, presented by I-Ag7 is a target of T-cell responses in diabetes-prone non- obese diabetic mice and tolerance induction against the peptide offers appreciable protection against the development of diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 560–565]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051195
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 823-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275751
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of fish-oil on the remission of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in newly diagnosed patients (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 765-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274540
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte subset abnormalities, autoantibodies and their relationship with HLA DR types in children with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and their first degree relatives (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 155-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words T-cell activation, T-cell memory, CD45 isoforms, HLA DR types, first degree relatives of diabetic patients.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with abnormalities of circulating lymphocyte subsets and autoantibodies. To investigate the prevalence of these in non-diabetic siblings and non-diabetic parents of children with Type 1 diabetes, we analysed T-cell subsets of function and activation in 31 families with an index case of Type 1 diabetes and related these to autoantibodies and HLA DR type. Using two and three colour cytofluorimetry, we studied total and activated (HLA-DR+) CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and on CD4+ lymphocytes the CD45RA/RO “naive” and “memory” cell phenotypes. Diabetic children (mean duration of disease 3.1 years) had a reduced total lymphocyte count (p 〈0.05), their non-diabetic siblings a reduced CD4+ T-helper cell count (p 〈0.05), and their parents a reduced percentage and number of CD3+ T cells (p 〈0.01 and p 〈0.05) compared with age-matched control subjects. Diabetic children, their siblings and parents all had significantly increased levels of activated CD4+ T-helper cells (p 〈0.01, p 〈0.05 and p 〈0.01). In diabetic children and their siblings there was a significant over-expression of the CD45RO “memory” cell marker and significant under-expression of the CD45RA “naive” cell marker, whilst these were normal in the parents. Islet cell antibody positive diabetic children had significantly higher levels of CD45RO-expressing CD4+ lymphocytes than those who were islet cell antibody negative (p 〈0.05). Amongst the siblings and parents, possession of HLA-DR4 was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ and higher percentages of CD8+ T cells. These findings extend current knowledge about the role of immunoregulatory CD45RA/ RO cells in Type 1 diabetes. In addition, they demonstrate lymphocyte subset abnormalities in unaffected family members, some of which may be influenced by HLA DR alleles. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 155–165]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050087
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