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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningitis ; shunt infection ; hydrocephalus ; ventriculitis ; flexible metal catheter ; external ventricular drainage ; shunt drainage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the management of shunt infection, the use of ventricular catheters made of silicone rubber for the temporary external drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is general practice. However, the eradication of the primary source of infection may be hindered by the affinity of bacteria to silicone-based material. Compared to silicone catheters, a metal drainage device for temporary ventriculostomy appears to offer more favourable conditions for successful eradication of the infection. Since metal needles cannot be implanted permanently and since their screw-type fixation precludes attachment to the skulls of infants or small children, we developed a flexible metal catheter. This catheter was used exclusively for the treatment of particularly serious or chronic infections of the CSF spaces. The catheter is made of implantation steel and consists of a corrugated tube that renders it flexible. Cerebrospinal fluid drains into a receptable bulb at the tip of the tube. Tubing of other materials may be connected to the end of the metal catheter for either external or internal drainage. It was implanted as a temporary and later permanent CSF drainage in 7 male patients aged from 4 to 60 years, who suffered from chronic, recurrent ventriculitis (n = 5) with an average of 7 previous surgical revisions, as well as from complex infections (n = 2; basal tuberculous meningitis, brain abscess). The infections were successfully eliminated in 6 patients. In the remaining patient, the metal catheter for external ventriculostomy had to be removed after 4 days due a leakage of CSF; it was replaced by a silicone catheter and later on by a needle drainage. Other complications, such as secondary infection or intracerebral haemorrhage, did not occur. The average duration of external CSF drainage via the flexible metal catheter was 27 days (range 4–50 days). In 4 patients, the CSF drainage was converted to a permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt using a new flexible metal catheter. At the time of post-operative follow-up examination (average = 34 weeks), all shunts were functioning and there was no evidence of infection. In cases of especially complicated and protracted CSF infections, the flexible metal ventricular catheter is a promising device for treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage; cytokine; PDGF-AB; vasospasm.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The aim of this study was to evaluate the following questions: Can the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB) be identified in the serum and cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) of dogs? Is there an increase in the concentration of PDGF-AB following experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)? Is the increase in concentration related to the angiographic cerebral vasospasm of the basilar artery. The “double haemorrhage” model was applied in seven dogs to produce experimental SAH with determination of angiographic vasospasm in the basilar artery. Blood and CSF samples were taken on the first, third and eighth days. The analyses were performed with an ELISA human PDGF-AB antibody kit (quantikine human PDGF-AB, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA).  The average PDGF-AB base value in the serum on the day before the SAH was 410.77±177.56 pg/ml, in the CSF it was 6.43±3.19 pg/ml. There was a significant (p=0.05) increase in the concentration of PDGF-AB (third day 717.35 pg/ml, eighth day 918.07 pg/ml) in the serum of all animals. No significant increase was found in the CSF samples of any animal. In summary, a PDGF-AB like immune reactivity was found in the serum of dogs with the human PDGF-AB ELISA kit and the concentration of PDGF-AB in the serum increased after experimental SAH but not in CSF, but there was no relationship between the increase in PDGF-AB serum concentration and angiographic vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 1144-1151 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Obere Halswirbelsäule ; Tumorchirurgie ; Tumorresektion ; Stabilisierung ; Wirbelkörperersatz. ; Keywords: Upper cervical spine ; Tumor surgery ; Tumor removal ; Stabilization ; Vertebral body replacement.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Our own series of tumors of the upper cervical spine was analyzed retrospectively. The standard treatment strategies were reevaluated. A total of nine patients (mean age 61 years, metastasis 4, plasmocytoma 3, chordoma 1, histiocytosis 1) were treated between 1/92 and 2/99. A total of 12 operations were carried out. One-step procedures (6): Three extraoral, one transoral, one dorsal and in one case combined dorsal and extraoral tumor removal were performed. Three dorsal occipitocervical or atlantoaxial stabilizations, one ventral plating and two combined ventral plating plus dorsal three-point fixations, and four vertebral body replacements were carried out. Two-step procedures (3): three extraoral tumor removals with ventral plating plus dorsal three-point fixation, in combination with vertebral body replacement in two cases. The neurological status and the quality of life (Karnofsky performance status, pain levels) were analyzed preoperatively and at the follow-up outpatient examinations (mean follow-up: 18 months). Flexion-extension radiographs were performed at the follow-up. There was no operative mortality. The transient morbidity was 11 %. The operative intervention improved the quality of life in all patients. Three patients died within 27 months of operation. Tumor resection at the upper cervical spine using individually modified surgical strategies over an approach corresponding to the tumor location, stabilization and vertebral body replacement increases significantly the time of survival and quality of life with an acceptable surgical risk for complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung: Die eigenen Patienten mit Tumoren der oberen Halswirbelsäule (HWS) werden retrospektiv analysiert, die Indikationen und die operativen Verfahren dargelegt. Zwischen 1/92 und 2/99 wurden 9 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 62 Jahre, Karcinommetastase 4, Plasmocytom 3, Chordom 1, Histiocytose 1) behandelt. Es erfolgten 12 Operationen; einzeitiges Vorgehen (6): extraorale (3), transorale (1), dorsale (1) und kombinierte dorsale und extraorale Tumorresektion (1) mit dorsaler occipitocervicaler bzw. atlantoaxialer Stabilisierung (3), kombinierter ventraler Plattenosteosynthese plus dorsaler 3-Punktefixierung (2) und ventraler Plattenosteosynthese (1) mit Wirbelkörperersatz (2); zweizeitiges Vorgehen (3): extraorale Tumorresektion (3) mit ventraler Plattenosteosynthese plus dorsaler 3-Punktefixierung (3) mit Wirbelkörperersatz (2). Der neurologische Status und die Lebensqualität (Karnofsky-Performance Status, Schmerzskala) wurden präoperativ und zur Nachuntersuchung (mean follow-up: 18 Monate) erfaßt und die postoperative Stabilität durch Bewegungsaufnahmen nachgewiesen. Die operationsbedingte Mortalität lag bei 0 %, die passagere Morbidität bei 11 %. Weitere Komplikationen wurden nicht beobachtet. Der operative Eingriff verbesserte bei allen Patienten deutlich die Lebensqualität. Drei Patienten sind mittlerweile mit einer durchschnittlichen Überlebenszeit von 27 Monaten nach Operation verstorben. Die Tumorchirurgie an der oberen HWS mit Tumorresektion über einem der Tumorläsion entsprechenden Zugangsweg, osteosynthetischer Stabilisierung und Wirbelkörperersatz ermöglicht eine signifikante Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit und Lebensqualität bei akzeptablen Operationsrisiken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 372-373 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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