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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced tumour growth in the rat liver after selective elimination of Kupffer cells (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 37 (1993), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Liposomes ; (Dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate ; Kupffer cells ; Metastatic growth ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evidence that Kupffer cells are capable of controlling metastatic growth in the liver in vivo is largely circumstantial. The best approach when studying natural cytotoxicity activities of Kupffer cells is to investigate the effect of Kupffer cell elimination on tumour growth. Until now it has not been possible to eliminate Kupffer cells without affecting other cell populations. We have recently developed a new method to eliminate Kupffer cells selectively: intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate (Cl2MDP-liposomes) leads to effective elimination of all Kypffer cells, without affecting non-phagocytic cells. Wag/Rij rats were injected with Cl2MDP-liposomes. After 48 h, rats were inoculated with syngeneic CC531 colon carcinoma cells by injection in the portal system. The results show a strongly enhanced tumour growth in the liver of the Cl2MDP-liposometreated rats. In these animals, livers were almost completely replaced by tumour and had increased in weight, whereas in the control groups only a few (four to eight) small (1-mm) tumour nodules were found. These data show that selective elimination of Kupffer cells results in enhanced tumour growth in the liver, implying that Kupffer cells play a crucial role in controlling tumour growth in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01517045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length and moment arm of human leg muscles as a function of knee and hip-joint angles (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 61 (1990), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Muscle length changes ; Joint angle ; Moment arm ; Lower limb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lengths of muscle tendon complexes of the quadriceps femoris muscle and some of its heads, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles, were measured for six limbs of human cadavers as a function of knee and hip-joint angles. Length-angle curves were fitted using second degree polynomials. Using these polynomials the relationships between knee and hip-joint angles and moment arms were calculated. The effect of changing the hip angle on the biceps femoris muscle length is much larger than that of changing the knee angle. For the rectus femoris muscle the reverse was found. The moment arm of the biceps femoris muscle was found to remain constant throughout the whole range of knee flexion as was the case for the medial part of the vastus medialis muscle. Changes in the length of the lateral part of the vastus medialis muscle as well as the medial part of the vastus lateralis muscle are very similar to those of vastus intermedius muscle to which they are adjacent, while those changes in the length of the medial part of the vastus medialis muscle and the lateral part of the vastus lateralis muscle, which are similar to each other, differ substantially from those of the vastus intermedius muscle. Application of the results to jumping showed that bi-articular rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles, which are antagonists, both contract eccentrically early in the push off phase and concentrically in last part of this phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236067
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Glutamate, L-arginine and L-citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and Alzheimer's disease patients (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: L-arginine, L-glutamate, L-citrulline, nitric oxide, nitrate, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple system atrophy, cerebrospinal fluid, biopterin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Alterations in neuronal nitric oxide (NO) production may play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The biosynthesis of NO is dependent on the availability of L-arginine, the substrate for NO-synthase (NOS), and on L-glutamate, which stimulates NO synthesis via the NMDA receptor. In this process L-citrulline is formed. We measured the levels of these amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 108 PD patients, 12 AD patients, 15 MSA patients and 21 healthy subjects. A slight but statistically significant elevation of CSF L-citrulline was found in MSA patients, while CSF L-glutamate was found to be significantly decreased in AD patients. We found no significant changes in L-arginine levels. Although the relation between the CSF levels of these amino acids and neuronal NO production is still unclear, our findings suggest that AD is associated with a decrease in NO synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050016
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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