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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory dysfunction as predictors for dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 477-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Hippocampus ; Alzheimers disease ; Follow-up ; studies ; Memory disorders ; Cognitive impairment no dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether the medial temporal lobe is atrophic in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and whether atrophy of this structure is a better predictor of dementia than memory dysfunction. Forty-five noninstitutionalized subjects aged 65–85 years were randomly selected from a population based study to obtain a sample with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 7), and a clinically nondemented sample (n = 38). Twenty of the latter subjects displayed some cognitive impairment and fulfilled CAMDEX criteria for “minimal dementia.” Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to visualize the medial temporal lobe. The volume of the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus was measured, and medial temporal lobe atrophy was assessed qualitatively. The memory subscore from the CAMCOG was used as a measure of memory functioning. The follow-up period was 3 years. Nine subjects who were diagnosed as being minimally demented at baseline met the criteria for AD during follow-up. At baseline the volume of the parahippocampal gyrus of these subjects was smaller than that of the other subjects with minimal dementia. The memory score was the best predictor of clinical outcome. All medial temporal lobe measures increased the accuracy of prediction compared with only the memory score, by reducing the number of false-negative classifications of dementia. Severe medial temporal lobe atrophy is present even in some subjects with mild cognitive impairment and is an indicator of subsequent AD. The absence of medial temporal lobe atrophy, however, does not exclude the development of dementia. In the majority of subjects memory impairment was a better predictor of dementia than atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. The combination of the two increased predictive accuracy. Nondemented subjects with severe atrophy of the medial temporal lobe could be enrolled in drug trials aimed at slowing the progression of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050387
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Glutamate, L-arginine and L-citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and Alzheimer's disease patients (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: L-arginine, L-glutamate, L-citrulline, nitric oxide, nitrate, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple system atrophy, cerebrospinal fluid, biopterin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Alterations in neuronal nitric oxide (NO) production may play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The biosynthesis of NO is dependent on the availability of L-arginine, the substrate for NO-synthase (NOS), and on L-glutamate, which stimulates NO synthesis via the NMDA receptor. In this process L-citrulline is formed. We measured the levels of these amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 108 PD patients, 12 AD patients, 15 MSA patients and 21 healthy subjects. A slight but statistically significant elevation of CSF L-citrulline was found in MSA patients, while CSF L-glutamate was found to be significantly decreased in AD patients. We found no significant changes in L-arginine levels. Although the relation between the CSF levels of these amino acids and neuronal NO production is still unclear, our findings suggest that AD is associated with a decrease in NO synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050016
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPECT, CT and MRI in a Turkish family with huntington's disease (1993)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single photon emission computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Turkish family with Huntington's disease documented on CT, MRI and SPECT is reported. Whereas in clinically definite cases CT and MRI are of limited value and SPECT does not add anything of value, in one asymptomatic subject SPECT showed moderate caudate nucleus hypoperfusion, underlining the hypothesis that SPECT may have a role in predicting Huntington's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588713
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limited duration of the effect of methylprednisolone on changes on MRI in multiple sclerosis (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corticosteroid ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment with methylprednisolone reduces the duration and severity of clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS), while reducing the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions on T1-weighted MRI. We performed serial MRI imaging after methylprednisolone treatment to see whether suppression of enhancement persists and whether related abnormalities on T2-weighted images disappear at follow-up. Thirteen patients with definite MS received a total of 31 courses of methylprednisolone over an average period of 50 weeks. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI was obtained before and after treatment, then at monthly intervals, using a standardised repositioning and imaging protocol. Two experienced readers in conference defined the number of active (gadolinium-enhancing and new or enlarging nonenhancing) lesions. We detected 609 active lesions on 195 examinations. Directly after treatment the reduction in the number of enhancing lesions was 78%, indicating restoration of the BBB and suppression of inflammation. It was uncommon for a lesion which stopped enhancing to show enhancement on a subsequent examination. No beneficial effect was observed on the rate of disappearance of related abnormalities on T2-weighted images, indicating persistent change such as oedema, cellular infiltration or demyelination. Moreover, in 89% of cases, an increase in the number of active lesions was observed before new clinical activity, if any, was observed (on average 52% earlier). MRI enabled us to demonstrate that the duration of the effect of methylprednisolone treatment is temporary (on average 9.7 weeks).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612124
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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