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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose cyclosporin A in palmoplantar psoriasis: evaluation of efficacy and safety (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A has been used with success in the treatment of chronic plaque-type psoriasis; little is known about its effect on palmoplantar psoriasis.Subjects and methods Thirty-three patients (12 women, 21 men; mean age = 44.2 years, range 22-68 years) with palmoplantar psoriasis were treated with oral cyclosporin A, (CyA), 2.5 mg/kg/day, which could be increased to 5 mg/kg/day, for 12 weeks. Patients were followed up for a further 4 weeks without CyA treatment. A total of 26 patients completed the 12-week treatment course, an additional six patients were followed up during 4 weeks after premature withdrawal. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASl). a Local Psoriasis Severity Index (LPS1), and estimation of the area involved.Results Clinical response, being defined as at least 50% reduction of these parameters at the end of the therapeutic phase compared to baseline before treatment, was reached in 84% of the patients; 61% of the patients showed clinical response after only 6 weeks of treatment. No signs of severe hepatic or renal toxicity were noted during the study period; mild hypertension, which developed in one case, resolved after termination of the treatment. Relapses after treatment never reached the pretreatment baseline levels.Conclusions It is concluded that palmoplantar psoriasis can be treated effectively and safely with oral CyA at the low-dose range of 2.5-5 mg/kg/day. The results demonstrate the necessity for evaluation of a maintenance treatment in this special form of psoriasis, the doses and safety of which remain to be determined in future controlled clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00411.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-inflammatory efficacy of low-dose cyclosporin A in psoriatic arthritis. A prospective multicentre study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty-five patients with psoriatic arthritis were treated with a low dose of cyclosporin A (CyA) (mean dose 2.7 mg/kg per day) for a period of 6 months to investigate the efficacy of CyA on disease parameters. Significant improvement in the joint complaints and inflammation parameters was observed including a decrease in the number of painful (-46%) and swollen (-45%) joints, tenderness (Ritchie Index: -50%) and degree of swelling (-46%), patient's assessment of pain (-35%), the duration of morning joint stiffness (-37%), as well as a decrease in C-reactive protein (-52%). A 50% reduction of joint complaints required a total of 24 weeks, whereas a 50% reduction of skin involvement was achieved after 5–6 weeks of treatment. Four patients left the study due to adverse events: creatinine level increase in two patients, hypertension in one patient and gastroenteritis in the fourth patient. Joint scintigraphy in 18 patients indicated an improvement or stable condition in 61% of cases after a mean follow-up of approximately 8 months. The results of this prospective study show that low-dose CyA effectively improves not only skin lesions, but also joint complaints in psoriatic arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1074.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tegaserod is effective in the initial and retreatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are often cyclical and thus may require repeated rather than continuous therapy. Tegaserod is effective and well-tolerated for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation but data on retreatment are lacking.Aim : To assess whether tegaserod retreatment is as efficacious and well-tolerated as initial treatment in a primary care setting.Methods : This open-label trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of tegaserod under real-life conditions. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients received tegaserod 6 mg b.d. for 12 weeks; response was assessed at weeks 4 and 12. Responders (those achieving satisfactory relief for at least 2 of the previous 4 weeks) at weeks 4 and/or 12 entered an 8-week withdrawal period where symptom recurrence was assessed. Patients experiencing recurrence could receive tegaserod 6 mg b.d. for another 4 weeks (retreatment phase) and on completion, could choose to continue tegaserod in a 6-month extension study.Results : A total of 513 patients received initial treatment with tegaserod; 85.0% (436 of 513) responded. 403 responders entered the withdrawal period; symptoms recurred in 83.9% (338 of 403) after a mean of 38 days. Of the 307 patients who subsequently entered retreatment 89.3% (274 of 307) responded. Among patients entering the retreatment period, 269 (87.6%) had responded within the first 4 weeks of initial treatment. Of these, 243 (90.3%) responded to tegaserod retreatment. Adverse events were infrequent and similar during 4 weeks of the initial treatment period (11.1%) and on retreatment (10.4%). The extension study, completed by 188 of 232 (81.0%) patients, demonstrated good long-term tolerability of tegaserod.Conclusions : Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients can be successfully treated, and retreated, with tegaserod 6 mg b.d. Tegaserod was well-tolerated during initial and retreatment periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02294.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The co-seasonal application of anti-IgE after preseasonal specific immunotherapy decreases ocular and nasal symptom scores and rescue medication use in grass pollen allergic children (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Specific immunotherapy (SIT) and treatment with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody are complementary approaches to treat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, which may be used for single or combined treatment.Objective:  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of single and combined treatment with SIT and anti-IgE (Omalizumab) in reducing symptom severity and rescue medication use.Methods:  A total of 221 subjects with birch and grass pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis aged 6–17 years were analysed during the grass pollen season. Group A (SITbirch + placebo) served as a reference group obtaining no effective treatment for grass pollen allergy. Group B received anti-IgE monotherapy during grass pollen season, group C SIT grass pollen monotherapy, and group D the combined treatment of SIT and Omalizumab.Results:  Preseasonal treatment with grass pollen SIT alone compared with SIT with the nonrelated allergen did not reduce symptoms or rescue medication use. Anti-IgE monotherapy significantly diminished rescue medication use and number of symptomatic days. The combined treatment with SIT and anti-IgE showed superior efficacy on symptom severity compared with anti-IgE alone.Conclusions:  Co-seasonal Omalizumab therapy showed considerable effects in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The combination of SIT plus Omalizumab was clinically superior to each treatment alone during the first year of observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00552.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of 6 weeks treatment of terbinafine in tinea unguium in a double-blind trial comparing 6 and 12 weeks therapy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Terbinafine (Lamisil) has been registered throughout the world for the treatment of finger and toenail onychomycosis. The recommended duration of treatment of toenail onychomycosis based on phase III studies is 12 weeks. This study was designed to determine: (i) if patients in whom the proximal part of the toenails was not affected respond as well after 6 weeks treatment as after 12 weeks treatment; (ii) to identify factors which may allow selection of patients for shorter treatment duration; and (iii) confirm that 6 weeks therapy is sufficient in fingernail mycosis. One hundred and forty-eight patients received 250 mg terbinafine daily for either 6 or 12 weeks in a double- blinded manner, and were followed until 48 weeks after start of therapy. Cure of the nail infection was defined as negative mycological tests (mycological cure) and progressive growth of normal nail (clinical cure). Mycological cure was recorded in 43 of 72 (59.7%) in the 6-week group and 55 of 76 (72.4%) in the 12-week group. In those who completed the study per protocol in the 6-week group. 34 of 61 (55.7%) were cured mycologically corresponding to 46 of 56 (82.1%) in the 12-week group. The overall clinical and mycological cure rates for the two groups were 28 of 61 (45.9%) and 33 of 56 (58.9%), respectively. In the small number of patients with associated fingernail infection, all were improved and six of eight (75.0%) were cured after a duration of treatment of 6 weeks. A priori risk factors for failure of cure could not be identified in either group. However, shorter duration of disease prior to treatment and no involvement of the big toenail was associated with a trend toward better responses in both groups. It can be concluded from this study that, in toenail mycosis without visible matrix involvement, 6 weeks treatment of terbinafine is generally not sufficient, whereas fingernail infections respond well to this short therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6661651.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nail incorporation kinetics of terbinafine in onychomycosis patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 20 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients with toe-nail onychomycosis were treated with terbinafine (250 mg daily, n= 20) for either 6 or 12 weeks in a randomized double-blind study. Plasma and distal nail clippings were taken before initiation of therapy and 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 weeks thereafter.Analytical data of terbinafine extracted from nail clippings or plasma were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nail extracts and isolated HPLC terbinafine peaks were analysed using a combined gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy system (GC-MS) for unequivocal identification of the drug.Terbinafine could be detected in the distal nail in the majority of the patients within 1 week of starling therapy. Maximum terbinafine levels of 0·52 and 1·01 μg;g were measured after 18 weeks in the 6- and 12-week treatment groups, respectively.While plasma levels decreased rapidly after termination of therapy terbinaiine was detected in the nails as long as 36 weeks (6 weeks treatment) and 36 weeks (12 weeks treatment) after termination of therapy at a range of 0·–0·19 μg/g. The drug concentrations measured at all time points are well above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tor dermatophytes and other fungi, These data suggest that the drug readies the nail plate rapidly and persists there for several months after cessation of active treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01353.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terbinafine in onychomycosis with involvement by non-dermatophytic fungi (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-five patients with onychomycosis involving the yeasts Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis, or the mould Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, were treated for up to 48 weeks with terbinafine 250 mg daily. At the end of therapy mycological and clinical cure rates were 70% and 54% for C.albicans, and 85% and 63% for C. parapsilosis, respectively. Three out of seven S. brevicaulis infections were cured. Within 6 months of therapy, relapses occurred in 45.5% of the cured patients in the case of C. albicans infections and in 12.5% of the cured patients in the case of C. parapsilosis infections. Treatment was generally well tolerated and, although adverse events occurred in 43% of the patients, they were responsible for cessation of therapy in only 8.6%. These results indicate that the use of terbinafine in onychomycosis is not restricted to dermatophyte infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06088.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Cells with Detergent Activates Caspases and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 175 (2000), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Detergent — Triton X-100 — Nonidet P-40 — n-Octylglucoside — Sodium deoxycholate — Apoptosis — Caspase — Jurkat T lymphoblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Due to their amphiphilic properties, detergents readily disrupt cellular membranes and cause rapid cytolysis. In this study we demonstrate that treatment of cells with sublytic concentrations of detergents such as Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, n-octylglucoside and the bile salt sodium deoxycholate induce typical signs of apoptosis including DNA fragmentation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase molecules. The detergent concentration required for apoptosis was below the critical micellar concentration. Induction of apoptosis was not restricted to human cells but similarly occurred in a variety of other vertebrate cell lines. Unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were susceptible to apoptosis induction by detergent suggesting that apoptosis in this circumstance is not mediated by CD95. Cell death was not due to influx of calcium from the medium. Apoptosis was blocked and cytolysis prevented by treatment with peptide inhibitors of caspases. These findings suggest a process of apoptosis that is initiated upon nonspecific alterations at the cell membrane level. Physiologic correlates of this process still have to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232001066
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A large plasmid from Halobacterium halobium carrying genetic information for gas vacuole formation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plasmid 2 (1979), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-619X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-619X(79)90021-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-dergocrine mesylate inhibits the increase in plasma catecholamines caused by nifedipine in essential hypertension (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: co-dergocrine mesylate ; hypertension ; aldosterone ; catecholamines ; nifedipine ; renin side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Co-dergocrine mesylate (Cod), which inhibits norepinephrine secretion by stimulating presynaptic dopamine receptors, and has no known metabolic side effect, has an additive antihypertensive effect to that of Nifedipine (Nif). Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin activity and aldosterone have been measured after acute administration of Nif and Cod alone and in combination to 18 patients with a diastolic blood pressure 〉 105 mm Hg in a cross-over, randomized, double-blind study. Every patient received 4 mg Cod then 20 mg Nif, placebo then 20 mg Nif and 4 mg Cod then placebo. The second treatment was always given 1 h after the first medication. Blood pressure was measured before and every 15 min during the study period. Blood for measurement of catecholamines, aldosterone and renin activity was collected before medication, 1 h after the first dose and 90 min after the second treatment. Blood pressure was significantly lower (P 〈 0.05) where Cod preceded Nif. Cod caused a significant decrease in plasma norepinephrine from 293 to 202 pg · ml−1 and in epinephrine from 67 to 55 pg · ml−1. The Nif-induced increase in norepinephrine from a pre-treatment value of 293 pg · ml−1 with preceding Cod to 331 pg · ml−1 was much less than the increase with placebo as premedication, from 284 to 440 pg · ml−1. Nif caused an increase in renin activity but no increase in aldosterone. Nif-related side effects, such as flushing and headache, occurred in 6 patients of whom 5 had no received Cod as premedication. Due to the stabilizing action of Cod on catecholamines and on the side effects of Nif, Cod may be preferable to other antihypertensives in augmenting the antihypertensive action of Nif.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280932
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