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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 14 (1959), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sowings of annual meadow grass (Poa annua) were made in pots of soil which had been treated with sheep urine, with urine diluted × 50, or with water as a control. The treatments were applied before, at, and after sowing.Urine, whether applied at sowing time, or eleven days before or after, significantly reduced the germination or establishment of the weed grass.Diluted urine tended to reduce the number of established seedlings when applied at or shortly after sowing.In a subsidiary experiment the number of viable seeds in soil taken from pastures which had received no urine for four years were compared with those from soil under pastures receiving urine. The difference was not significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 44 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Progress in improving the feeding value (FV) of forage plants has been slow despite the benefits to animal production that can result from using plants of intrinsically higher FV. The slow progress is due in part to a lack of consensus on the criteria to be used in breeding or selecting forages of high FV. This paper reports the use of the Delphi technique to obtain such a consensus from an international panel of specialists in grazing animal production.The specialists, from Europe, USA, New Zealand and Australia, ranked eleven criteria for improving the FV of grasses and legumes for liveweight gain and for wool production.In general, the primary criteria chosen were high digestibility, easy communication, high nonstructural carbohydrate, high crude-protein and, for sheep kept primarily for wool production, a high sulphur-amino acid content. High relative palatability, high lipid-content and erect growth habit were ranked as least important. It was generally considered that mineral content and anti-quality constituents should be monitored rather than making them specific breeding objectives, although some exceptions were noted. Minor importance was attached to having ‘appropriate’ tannins in grasses; however, this was given a high priority in legumes. These criteria, and the desirability of reducing the extent of protein degradation in the rumen are discussed in relation to comments made by panel members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The results of experiments undertaken in England and New Zealand are reported. Under highly productive pasture a significant correlation was found between pasture production and earthworm numbers and weights. This relationship was not evident until the pastures were more than 3 years old. On pastures of similar total dry-matter production there was a significant correlation between yield of clover and numbers and weights of earthworms. The return of dung by the grazing animal increased earthworm numbers and weights, and the application of nitrogenous fertilizer had a similar but less marked effect. The earthworm population was not demonstrably related to the macro-organic-maller content of the pastures. The grazing of grass-clover pastures was not essential for an increase in earthworm populations to occur. Allolohophora species (mainly A. caliginosa) were dominant under pure grass swards, whereas Lumhricus species (mainly L. rubellus) were dominant under grass/clover swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 15 (1960), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results are presented from part of an experiment involving the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to a pure grass sward which had also received sheep dung and urine. The yield of oven-dry grass was increased significantly by about 30% by superphosphate application, but only where nitrogen had also been applied at 260 lb: N per acre per annum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 13 (1958), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The differences in soil fertility in a ley as a result of treatments applied for four years in a sheep-grazing trial were measured by growing crops of wheat and kale. The pasture treatments had been: control, dung, urine and dung plus urine, each combined with four levels of fertilizer nitrogen.Yields of winter wheat harvested in 1956 ranged from 27.1 to 38.6 cwt. per acre. Plots to which faeces had been allowed to return during the pasture phase outyielded (p 〈0.001) those from which it was withheld. Urine was relatively ineffective except in combination with nitrogen. In the absence of animal returns, nitrogenous fertilizer depressed grain and straw yields. A top-dressing of K applied to the wheat in spring as a sub-treatment had no significant effect. The percentages of N and K in the grain were unaffected by the former pasture treatments, or by the K top-dressing.A subsidiary small-plot experiment in which the above pasture treatments had been combined with P and K, each at two levels, was cropped with marrow-stem kale. In general, N applied to the pasture increased kale yields except where dung and urine had been withheld. Neither P nor K had a significant effect, except when combined. The leaf/stem ratio of the kale was reduced by applied N and by P (both p 〈0.05).The pasture/arable-crop relationship is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 44 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp) of 17 cultivars of white clover were compared. With inadequate phosphorus supply, HCNp ranged from 24 mg kg DM−1 for cv Lucky to approximately 640 mg kg DM−1 for cv Huia and from 6 to 322 mg kg DM−1 for the same cultivars, with adequate phosphorus. The four North American cultivars examined had notably lower HCNp than all European or Australasian cultivars except cv Clarence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 13 (1958), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results are presented for the final two years of a previously described experiment.The return of dung and urine by sheep to a ryegrass/white-clover ley was controlled by suitable harnesses to give four treatments (no dung or urine, dung, urine, dung and urine) which were combined in a replicated factorial design with four levels of nitrogenous fertilizer application (0, 52, 182, 312 1b. N per acre).Applied nitrogen and urine were the dominant factors affecting botanical composition. The percentage of ryegrass increased and that of clover decreased with the progressive increases in nitrogen application. Volunteer species (mainly Poa spp.) contributed up to 20 per cent by the final year, the maximum occurring under the medium-high nitrogen treatment.Urine restricted the incursion of weed grasses.Combined with urine or the full return of excreta, high levels of applied nitrogen increased herbage production by up to 120 per cent. There was little response to dung except at the highest nitrogen level.The yield response to applied nitrogen was almost linear. In the absence of animal returns response was poor, partly due to shortage of potash. When both excreta were withheld the light nitrogen dressing depressed the annual production compared with the control; where both excreta were returned together with this dressing no reduction occurred in annual yield and the spring yield was improved (p 〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 15 (1960), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gangmowing encouraged the spread of unsown grasses (Poa spp.) in a ryegrass/white-clover ley, compared with grazing and no gangmowing. Herbage production from an ungrazed gangmown sward receiving a range of nitrogen dressings was higher than from grazed swards receiving little or no fertilizer nitrogen, but was almost identical at high rates of N application. The experiment was ploughed up in autumn 1955 and sown to wheat. The yields of wheat in 1956 were increased by previous nitrogen treatments up to the moderately high dressing but declined with the final increment.Attention is drawn to the need for further experimental work on the practice of gangmowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pasteurized apple cider produced in Georgia was surveyed for patulin. Levels from 244-3993 μg patulin/L cider were found. Eight high temperature-short time (HTST) treatments (60°, 70°. 80°, and 90°C for 10 set; 90°C for 20, 40, 80, and 160 set) and one batch treatment (90°C for 10 min) were used to determine the stability of patulin in pasteurized cider. The 60°, 80°, and 90°C HTST treatments and the batch pasteurization significantly reduced the patulin level, but did not completely destroy the toxin. Storage of the cider had no effect on the patulin level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High pressure liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the effects of several naturally occurring food components (selenium, vitamins A, E, B6 and C) on the in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AF1 was incubated with a liver microsomal enzyme metabolizing system with varying concentrations of each nutrient. The following nutrients and levels either inhibited or reduced the metabolism of AFB1: sodium selenite (25 μg/mL), d- α-tocopherol (25, 250 and 2500 μg/mL), pyridoxine hydrochloride (2.5 μg/mL), L-ascorbic acid (25 and 2500 μg/mL) and mixture containing 500 μg/mL of each chemical. Retinol acetate at levels of 2.5 and 25 μg/mL increased the level of AFB1 metabolized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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