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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indomethacin treatment in amphotericin B induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 769-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Drug-induced diabetes insipidus ; Amphotericin B ; Indomethacin ; Prostaglandin E2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a serious side effect of various drugs. Elevated renal prostaglandin E2 levels have been found in patients with lithium-induced NDI and have been implicated in the pathogenesis. We report the case of a patient who developed NDI following treatment with amphotericin B. Prostaglandin levels were elevated. Indomethacin had an antidiuretic effect and normalized prostaglandin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180544
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enormous hemangiosarcoma of the heart (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiosarcoma ; Heart tumor ; Hemangiosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes a 26-year-old patient with hemangiosarcoma of the heart and summarizes the clinicopathological features in previous reports of patients with cardiac angiosarcoma. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of a syncope and one episode of nocturnal dyspnea and hemoptysis. In his history he complained of progressive weakness and loss of weight over the past 2 months. Echocardiography and computed tomography of the chest showed inhomogeneous masses in the pericardial cavity completely surrounding the heart and involving the ascending aorta and the superior vena cava. Histological examination of the tissue obtained from the mass by fine needle technique revealed a poorly differentiated malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin. Exploratory thoracotomy followed by tumor biopsies showed an inoperable cardiac hemangiosarcoma of enormous size with multiple metastases in both lungs. Palliative tumor resection was not performed. During the postoperative course the patient still required controlled ventilation. After 3 days of cytostatic chemotherapy no regression of tumor mass was seen by chest radiography. Cardiorespiratory insufficiency was progressive, and the patient died within 3 weeks after admission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252830
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of cathartic agents on transmucosal electrical potential difference in the human rectum (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Elektrische Potentialdifferenz ; Menschliches Rektum ; Laxantien ; Gallensäuren ; Fettsäuren ; Herzglykoside ; Electrical potential difference ; Human rectum ; Cathartic agents ; Laxatives ; Bile acids ; Fatty acids ; Cardiac glycosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Active ion transport in the colon is generating a transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD) of about 40 mV. Cathartic agents inhibit electrolyte and water net-absorption or cause net-secretion which should be reflected in a change of PD. In 83 normal subjects the effect of an isotonic eletrolyte solution (control) and different cathartic agents on rectal PD was tested: Laxatives (bisacodyl, rhein), bile acids (cholic and deoxycholic acid), fatty acids (oleic and ricinoleic acid) and cardiac glycosides (meproscillarin, digitoxin, digoxin). Bisacodyl, deoxycholic acid in high concentration, meproscillarin and digitoxin significantly decreased PD, while the other substances did not. Cathartics act on different transport mechanisms which together with different absorption characteristics of the proximal and distal colon may explain the difference in effecting the PD. Rectal PD measurement provides an easy and convenient tool to document effects of cathartic agents on electrolyte transport, otherwise difficult to obtain, and is applicable for clinical use.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine elektrische transmurale Potentialdifferenz (PD) von ca. 40 mV wird im Colon durch einen aktiven Ionentransport erzeugt. Laxierend wirkende Substanzen hemmen die Elektrolyt- und Wassernettoresorption oder verursachen eine Nettosekretion, was auch einen Einfluß auf die PD erwarten läßt. Bei 83 Normalpersonen wurde eine isotone Elektrolytlösung (Kontrollgruppe) und folgende laxierende Substanzen getestet: Laxantien (Bisacodyl, Rhein), Gallensäuren (Chol- und Desoxycholsäuren), Fettsäuren (Öl- und Rizinolsäure) und Herzglykoside (Meproscillarin, Digitoxin, Digoxin). Bisacodyl, Desoxycholsäure in hoher Konzentration, Meproscillarin und Digitoxin verringerten die PD signifikant, die anderen Substanzen hatten keinen wesentlichen Effekt. Laxierend wirkende Substanzen wirken auf verschiedene Transportmechanismen. Dies zusammen mit den unterschiedlichen Resorptionscharakeristika im proximalen und distalen Colon könnten die Unterschiede der Wirkung auf die PD erklären. Die rektale PD-Messung bietet eine einfache und brauchbare Methode, die Wirkungen laxierender Substanzen zu dokumentieren, welche sonst schwer zu erfassen sind und eignet sich für eine klinische Anwendung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476572
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The short-circuited everted sac of rat colon mucosa (1981)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 178 (1981), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat descending colon ; Everted sacs ; Short circuit condition ; Fluid transport ; Ion transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A short-circuited preparation of everted rat colon sacs is described. The serosal current electrode is a AgAgCl wire. A cylindrical agar bridge or AgAgCl electrode may be employed on the mucosal side. Effects of Ag+ ions liberated from the electrodes on ion transport could not be demonstrated. Fluid and sodium are absorbed and bicarbonate secreted. Potassium and chloride movements are not significantly different from zero. The preparation remains stable for at least 2 h. Sodium absorption is diminished by 50% and bicarbonate secretion abolished in the absence of glucose. In principle, similar ion transport properties were found as in Ussing-chamber preparations. The advantage of the everted sac is the capability of measuring net transport of fluid and electrolytes simultaneously and directly because of the large surface/inner volume ratio of the sac.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of sodium and water through isolated rat colonic mucosa under the influence of deoxycholate and oxyphenisatin (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 297 (1977), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Isolated rat colon ; Sodium transfer ; Water transfer ; Oxyphenisatin ; Deoxycholate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The influence of oxyphenisatin (OP), a diphenolic laxative, and deoxycholate (DC) on the transfer of sodium and water in an everted sac preparation of stripped rat colon was investigated. 2. OP (10−5 M, mucosal side) and DC (3×10−4 M, mucosal side) completely blocked net water and sodium absorption. Net movements from the serosal to the mucosal side could not be induced by higher concentrations of the drugs. 3. Unidirectional sodium movements in both directions were increased by OP and DC. 4. The effect of DC on the sodium flux from the serosal to the mucosal side was reversible. 5. The potassium content of the mucosal epithelium was not changed by DC and OP. 6. The integrity of the epithelium, as judged by light microscopy, was not disturbed by either drug under the experimental conditions. 7. It is concluded that DC and OP do not interfere with active transport mechanisms but increase the permeability of the epithelium to sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499929
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal filtration as a consequence of increased mucosal hydraulic permeability (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Laxantien ; Intestinaler. Transfer ; Absorption im Colon ; Sekretion im Colon ; Pharmaka und Colon ; Laxatives ; Intestinal transfer ; Colonic absorption ; Colonic secretion ; Drugs and colon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the secretory action of laxative compounds in the intestine: 1. increase of the intracellular amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate due to stimulation of the adenylate cyclase system and 2. inhibition of intestinal transfer processes, in particular the Na,K-ATPase activated sodium absorption. In a set of in vivo and in vitro experiments in rat colon it could be demonstrated that dihydroxy bile acids (deoxycholate) and diphenolic laxatives (oxyphenisatin) enhance the hydraulic permeability of the mucosal tissue. The permeability changes take place — and there is good experimental evidence — at the zonulae occludentes which bind the epithelial cells together at their luminal borders. Due to laxative action the hydraulic permeability of the colonic mucosa increases to such an extent that according to the Starling forces the normal subepithelial hydrostatic pressure is a sufficient driving force to reverse net sodium, chloride, and water absorption into net secretion. A new concept of “intestinal filtration as a consequence of increased mucosal hydraulic permeability” is proposed to explain the laxative action of deoxycholate and oxyphenisatin in the colon. The question whether inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity, cyclic AMP-mediated secretion or increased hydraulic permeability of the colonic mucosa are causatively linked to and quantitatively meaningful in intestinal secretion remains open.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkungsweise von Abführmitteln im Intestinaltrakt werden vorwiegend zwei Mechanismen diskutiert: 1. Anstieg des intrazellulären Gehaltes an cyclischem Adenosinmonophosphat als Folge einer Stimulierung des Adenylatcyclase-Systems und 2. Hemmung intestinaler Transferprozesse, speziell der Na,K-ATPase aktivierbaren Natriumabsorption. In einer Reihe von in vivo- und in vitro-Experimenten am Colon der Ratte konnte gezeigt werden, daß ein wesentlicher Effekt laxierend wirkender Dihydroxygallensäuren (Desoxycholsäure) und diphenolischer Laxantien (Oxyphenisatin) eine Erhöhung der hydraulischen Permeabilität der Schleimhaut ist. Die Experimente zeigen, daß diese Permeabilitätszunahme an den „zonulae occludentes“, dem Schlußleistennetz der Colonschleimhaut, erfolgt. Die Laxantien-induzierte Zunahme der hydraulischen Permeabilität der Colonschleimhaut ist so ausgeprägt, daß der nach den Starlingschen Gesetzen im subepithelialen Gewebe herrschende normale hydrostatische Druck ausreicht, die Nettoabsorption für Natrium, Chlorid und Wasser in Nettosekretionen umzukehren. Es wird als neues Konzept der Wirkungsweise von Laxantien wie Desoxycholsäure und Oxyphenisatin die „Intestinale Filtration als Folge einer erhöhten hydraulischen Permeabilität der Colonschleimhaut“ vorgeschlagen und diskutiert. Die Frage, ob und wie die Hemmung der Na,K-ATPase-Aktivität, die durch cyclisches AMP ausgelöste intestinale Anionen-Sekretion oder die gesteigerte hydraulische Permeabilität der Schleimhaut causal mit intestinaler Sekretion verbunden sind und quantitativ eine Bedeutung haben, bleibt offen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476568
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathway of sodium moving from blood to intestinal lumen under the influence of oxyphenisatin and deoxycholate (1976)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 293 (1976), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Colonic mucosa ; Oxyphenisatin ; Deoxycholate ; Sodium ; Intercellular pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The transfer of 51CrEDTA and inulinsubstances which are distributed only in the extracellular space-across the rat colonic mucosa in vivo is increased by oxyphenisatin O (3.5 · 10−5 M) and deoxycholate D (3 · 10−3 M). 2. O and D do not change the size of the intra- and extracellular fluid compartments of the mucosa as measured with 51CrEDTA from the blood side. The sodium and potassium content of the mucosal tissue is not altered. Therefore the calculated intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium remain constant. 3. The time course of the 22Na uptake into the mucosal epithelium is not influenced by O and D up to 5 min after i.v. injection. The specific activity of sodium, however, in the luminal fluid increases under the influence of O (twofold) and D (fivefold). The uptake of 22Na into the mucosal tissue after administration of 22Na into the intestinal lumen is not changed in presence of O and D. 4. We conclude that the net transport of sodium and water from blood to lumen under the influence of O and D occurs mainly via the intercellular way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498868
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hydrostatic pressure gradients on net transfer of sodium and water across isolated rat colonic mucosa (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 297 (1977), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat colon ; Hydrostatic pressure ; Sodium transfer ; Water transfer ; Oxyphenisatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The dependence of net transfer of water and sodium on hydrostatic pressure gradients from the serosal to the mucosal side was investigated in everted sacs of the stripped mucosa of the rat colon. 2. In the range of 3–20 cm H2O both, net sodium and water transfer were linearly dependent on hydrostatic pressure. The hydraulic permeability coefficient was 1.1 ml per gram dry weight, hour and cm H2O. At a pressure gradient of 5.8 cm H2O the net movement of water from the mucosal to the serosal side ceased. Above this pressure a net movement in the opposite direction occurs. Sodium net movement from the mucosal to the serosal side ceased at 11 cm H2O. The fluid, which appears—driven by higher values of hydrostatic pressure—on the mucosal side, is hypotonic. 3. Oxyphenisation increases the hydraulic permeability of the colonic epithelium. The fluid, which appears—driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient—on the mucosal side, is isotonic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499930
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of serosal hydrostatic pressure on net water and electrolyte transport across the isolated rat colonic mucosa exposed to different secretagogues (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 336-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat colon ; Hydrostatic pressure ; Secretagogues ; Sodium and chloride transport ; Water transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The influence of 2 cm and 7 cm hydrostatic pressure applied upon the serosal side on net water and electrolyte transport and paracellular permeability was investigated in everted sacs of stripped rat colon mucosa exposed to different secretagogues. 2. A 2 cm pressure abolished net fluid absorption in the presence of deoxycholic acid, bisacodyl, ethacrynic acid and rhein and reduced absorption in the tissue pretreated with cholera toxin. 3. The paracellular permeability was increased by deoxycholic oxycholic acid, bisacodyl and ethacrynic acid and diminished under the influence of rhein and cholera toxin. 4. At a pressure of 7 cm H2O fluid movement was directed toward the mucosal side parallel to the increase of the paracellular permeability. The fluid appearing at the mucosal side was isotonic in the presence of deoxycholic acid, ethacrynic acid and rhein but hypotonic when the tissue was pretreated with cholera toxin. 5. From the pressure-induced net water flow and the composition of the transferred fluid secretagogues acting predominantly on paracellular pathway can be distinguished from secretagogues acting on basis of other mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506246
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