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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The fertile pure line R3-37 of common wheat with cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. is an R-line (restorer) that can restore the male fertility of A-lines (male sterile lines) with T. timopheevii cytoplasm. In breeding hybrid wheat, the hybrid of the cross R3-37/ Baimian3 was found to be completely male sterile, indicating that Baimian3 has some genes that are epistatic to the Rf genes in R3-37. In order to elucidate the essence of this phenomenon, the male fertilities of the hybrids of 27 crosses including R3-37 and/or Baimian3 were studied. The results show that inheritance of male fertility of the hybrid R3-37/Baimian3 involves interactions among Rf alleles, male fertility-inhibiting genes and genetic background. Although more than 70 different kinds of male sterile cytoplasm to common wheat have been discovered, the systems of hybrid wheat production based on male sterile cytoplasm are all the A-line/R-line type and all have similar problems of hybrid fertility restoration. This study confirmed that there is a new model (A-line/R*-line//R-line) for producing hybrid wheat with high fertility restoration. In the new model, the completely male sterile hybrids of A-line/R*-line can act as common A-line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Potato cultivars resistant to cold-temperature sweetening are of major importance to the processing industry producing both chips (crisps) and French fries. When most modern potato cultivars are maintained in cold storage to retard sprouting, the tubers accumulate reducing sugars, and the products become an unacceptable brown colour when fried. Selection for better processing quality during the early generations of a breeding programme could be of considerable advantage. Using a portable ‘sugarmeter’, which requires only a drop of sap from the tuber on a test strip, many samples can be efficiently surveyed for low sugar as early as the F1 generation. Using seedlings of three test crosses, glucose and specific gravity of field-grown tubers, minitubers from greenhouses and microtubers from in vitro culture were compared after cold treatment. Although the mean glucose levels of minitubers and microtubers were higher than field-grown tubers, the correlation between the glucose contents of the three types of tubers was fairly high. A considerable genetic improvement was noted when progenies were grown as minitubers or microtubers, even though the response to selection for low glucose levels in minitubers and microtubers was lower than from direct selection from field-grown tubers. The specific gravity of field-grown tubers showed a significant association with freshly harvested minitubers and microtubers. Selection for low glucose content in minitubers can therefore save considerable resources in a breeding programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 97 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hybridizations were made between beta vulgaris and three wild species of the patellares section being resistant to the best cyst nematode {heterodera schachtii). Monosomic addition lines (2 n = 19) with full nematode resistance were investigated together with wild beets by means of electrophoretical techniques. One alkaline esterase band and a complex of several acidic esterase bands were localized on the resistance-carrying B. procumbens chromosome. The alkaline esterase marker also appeared in B. patellaris addition lines. An aconitase double band was visible in two of four B. webbiana addition lines. One resistant monotelosomic addition line with a small B. procumbens fragment had lost the esterase gene. Evidence is given that more than one chromosome is carrying genes for nematode resistance. The use of electrophoretic screening together with a nematode testing program is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: For the purposes of genetics and application the number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in rye has to be increased significantly to cover the entire genome. To this end, more than 8000 publicly accessible rye cDNA sequences from anthers, cold-stressed leaves, and aluminium-stressed and unstressed roots were exploited as a resource for SSR marker development. A total of 157 Secale cereale micro-satellite (SCM) loci out of 528 SSRs comprising di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide motifs could be assayed on automated sequencers. One-hundred expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived SCM loci displayed a length polymorphism among a sample of 15 rye accessions. Of the SCM, 45% could be associated with proteins of known or unknown function. Recently published ESTs from different rye tissues proved to be a valuable resource for SSR marker development in rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hybrid breeding in rye (Secale cereale L.) based on cytoplasmic male sterility requires a sufficient restoration of pollen fertility to guarantee full seed set in the hybrid variety. Therefore the selection of effective restorer lines is an important goal in the breeding process. An F2 generation tracing back to a cross of a nonrestorer line as seed parent and a restorer line, and subsequent three-way crosses between the corresponding F1 plants and a nonrestorer line were used to find marker genes for pollen fertility restoration. A linkage between the Prx.7 isozyme locus on chromosome 1R and a putative major gene (or gene complex) for pollen fertility restoration with a recombination value of about 20 % was found. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a marker gene for this trait in rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 119 (1992), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Collagenase ; nerve regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers is impeded by the formation of scar tissue at the site of injury. The possible beneficial effect of collagenase on nerve regeneration was studied using clinical, neurophysiological (evoked potentials) and histological (nerve fiber counts) methods. The sciatic nerves of rats were transected and the severed ends abutted and sewn together. In one series, the area about the lesion was covered with fibrin adhesive and infused with either isotonic saline (controls) or collagenase (treatment group). In the other series, the severed ends of the nerve were inserted into a silicone tube and separated by a collagen plug, which was infused with either saline or collagenase. Compared to the controls, the treated animals showed a significant improvement of clinical and neurophysiological parameters. After 3 months of observation, the collagen content of the transection site was reduced, and in the silicone series, the total number of myelinated axons 5mm distal to the site of transection was increased, while the fiber diameter distribution was unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 67-75 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Secale cereale L. ; Self-incompatibility Protein kinases ; Self-fertile mutants ; Signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gametophytic two-locus self-incompatibility (SI) system in rye was investigated in view of a possible involvement of protein phosphorylation and Ca2+ as constituents of a signal transduction mechanism. Phosphorylation kinetics in pollen grains was found to be significantly different after in vitro treatment of pollen with either “cross” or “self” stigma proteins, with a pronounced phosphorylation activity in self-treated pollen grains. Loss of SI in self-compatible (SC) mutants was associated with a significantly decreased basic phosphorylation activity in untreated pollen grains as compared to SI genotypes. Separation of phosphorylated pollen proteins by SDS-PAGE reveals four major proteins in the MW range of 43–82 kDa which were differently phosphorylated in SI vs SC genotypes as well as in cross vs self-treated pollen grains. Application of different protein kinase inhibitors and the Ca2+ antagonists verapamil and La3+ to isolated stigmas resulted in an inhibition of the SI response in in vitro self-pollination. The role of protein kinases and Ca2+ as constituents of a putative SI-specific signal transduction mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 11 (1997), S. 180-184 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lumboischialgie ; Steroide ; Zytokinhemmung ; Akupunktur ; Naturheilmittel ; Key words Sciatic pain ; Steroids ; Cytokine inhibition ; Acupuncture ; Herbal medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction: Because of their frequency and consequences sciatica remains a demanding clinical entity with significant social and economical impact. There is a high demand on therapeutic modalities, using folk medicine methods in the treatment of orthopaedic diseases. No data is available on the usefullness of methods like natural herbs in combination with acupuncture. Aim of our study was to present data on the effect of acupuncture and cytokineinhibiting natural herbs in sciatic pain. We compared these results with nerve root infiltration by local anaesthetics and corticosteroids in our orthopaedic outpatient clinic. Materials and Results: 278 patients with chronic pain for at least 3 months were observed. All three therapeutical modalities showed improvement of pain scores. Best results were gained with steroid injection (n=26; 66% pain reduction), acupuncture in combination with herbs improved the pain in average of 62% (n=230), whereas injection with local anaesthetic had a pain reduction of 48% (n=22). Sole Mepivacain-HCl treatment had significant less pain reduction compared to the other treatment modalities. Conclusion: According to our results acupuncture in combination with herbs and steroid nerve blocks appear to be an effective and thus recommendable conservative therapy in cases of sciatic pain. Taking into account that patients increasingly prefer ethnomedical modalities of treatment our study gains importance for practising orthopaedists.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Wirbelsäulenbedingte Kreuzbeinschmerzen (Lumboischialgien) haben aufgrund ihrer Häufigkeit und Konsequenzen eine außerordentlich große Bedeutung sowohl im medizinischen als auch im sozialen Bereich. Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrungen in der Behandlung dieses Beschwerdebilds mit Akupunktur in Kombination mit in vitro zytokinhemmenden Naturstoffen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit einer Wurzelblockadenbehandlung mit Lokalanästhetika (Mepivacain-HCl) oder Glukokortikoiden (Triamcinolonazetonid) verglichen. Material und Ergebnisse: Es wurden insgesamt 278 Patienten (Schmerzen von mindestens 3monatiger Dauer) ausgewertet. Alle ausgewerteten Modalitäten zeigten im Mittel eine Schmerzreduktion 5 Wochen nach Behandlungsbeginn (0%=kein Schmerz, 100%=Schmerz unmittelbar vor der Behandlung). Die höchste Reduktion (n=26; 66% Schmerzreduktion) konnte bei einer Wurzelblockadenbehandlung von Triamcinolonazetonid 20 mg mit Sandicain 1% beobachtet werden. Die bei einer kombinierten Behandlung von Akupunktur mit Naturstoffen beobachtete Schmerzreduktion betrug im Mittel 62% (n=230), Wurzelblockaden ausschließlich mit Mepivacain-HCl 1% zeigten eine Reduktion von 48% (n=22). Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sowohl Wurzelblockaden mit Triamcinolonazetonid als auch Akupunktur in Kombination mit Naturstoffen in Fällen chronischer Lumboischialgien eine effektive konservative Therapie darstellen. Vor dem Hintergrund, daß Patienten zunehmend ethnomedizinische Verfahren favorisieren, sind die Resultate unserer Untersuchung für den Schmerztherapeuten als interessant zu werten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Secale cereale L. ; Esterase polymorphism ; Linkage relationships ; Compound loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic analysis of esterase polymorphism in rye inbred lines with isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide flat gels yielded evidence for the existence of at least ten esterase loci, Est 1–Est 10. The loci can be attributed to four different linkage groups (Est 1/ Est 2/Est 3/Est 5/Est 6/Est 7), (Est 4), (Est 8/Est 9), and (Est 10). Loci Est 5/Est 6/Est 7 and Est 8/Est 9, respectively, are tightly linked with a maximum recombination frequency of 0.2% and can therefore be regarded as compound loci which possibly originated in tandem duplications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Secale cereale L. ; Isozyme loci ; Chromosomal location ; Homoeology relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isoelectric focusing of esterase (EST), peroxidase (PRX), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozymes in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat, ‘Imperial’ rye and several ‘Chinese Spring’/‘Imperial’ and ‘Holdfast’/‘King II’ addition, translocation and substitution lines revealed the chromosomal location of nine Est loci previously described and of one Prx and Pgm locus. Loci Est1, Est2, Est3, Est5, Est6 and Est7 were found on chromosome arm 5RL, Est8 and Est9 on chromosome 6R in ‘Imperial’ rye, and the Est10 locus on chromosome arm 4RL in ‘Imperial’ rye and ‘King II’ rye. A discrepancy was found between the chromosomal location of the Prx locus in ‘Imperial’ where chromosome 2R was responsible for the expression of the peroxidase enzyme, and ‘King II’ with chromosome 1R carrying the Prx gene. As a possible explanation, the occurrence of translocation events during the production of wheat/rye aneuploid lines is discussed. The rye Pgm locus could be associated with chromosome 4RS in ‘Imperial’ and ‘King II’ rye. Except for the location of Est loci on chromosome 5RL, the results reported in this paper lend further evidence for the assumed homoeology relationships between the chromosomes of Triticinae and for the conservation of gene synteny groups during the evolution of the Triticeae tribe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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