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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 87 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A patient is described who had heavy ketonuria without associated glycosuria during treatment with salbutamol in pregnancy. Blood glucose and ketone concentrations were normal while urine secretion of ketone bodies was increased. This suggests that ketonuria resulted from an altered renal threshold rather than a change in intermediary metabolism. Plasma ketone concentration should be measured before stopping salbutamol on the basis of ketonuria alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 76 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 1 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. Sodium salicylate has been used as a hypoglycaemic agent in the treatment of diabetic patients and severe hypoglycaemia has been reported in children treated with aspirin. The mechanism of this hypoglycaemic action has never been elucidated.2. In the isolated perfused rat liver, salicylate inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate, alanine and propionate. The degree of inhibition is related to salicylate concentration and occurs with 2 mM (30 mg/100 ml).3. The inhibitory action probably results from the effect of salicylate on oxidative phosphorylation in that there was little or no inhibition of gluconeogenesis from precursors which do not have a high requirement for ATP in their metabolism to glucose.4. In man, lactate and alanine are the main precursors of glucose, and the liver is the main site of gluconeogenesis. These results demonstrate a mechanism for salicylate induced hypoglycaemia in man, and in addition suggest that accumulation of lactate may account for the acidosis sometimes produced by overdosage with salicylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 255 (1975), S. 170-170 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE concentrations of rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) have been found to be decreased by injection of hydrocortisone1"3 or other corticosteroids4. Benkert and Matussek5 did not, however, observe changes in 5-HT concentration at various ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 659-659 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; drug adjustment ; elimination ; poor metaboliser ; drug oxidation ; drug reaction monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine oxidation ; metoprolol metabolism ; oxidation phenotype ; β-blockade ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After a single 200 mg oral dose of metoprolol tartrate the mean metoprolol AUC was found to be six-fold higher in poor metabolizers (PMs) of debrisoquine than in extensive metabolizers (EMs). This was associated with impaired metabolic clearance via α-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation. A population study (n=143) has shown a bimodal distribution in the ratio of metoprolol: α-hydroxymetoprolol recovered in urine which was correlated highly with the debrisoquine metabolic ratio. Nine per cent of the population were PMs. Plasma metoprolol concentrations three hours after a 100 mg oral dose of metoprolol were greater than 200 ng/ml in PMs but were lower than this in most EMs. This dose of metoprolol given once daily provided a clinically significant reduction (16%) in exercise heart rate in PMs after 24 hours. EMs require conventional doses (100 mg b.d.) to achieve the same degree of β-blockade. Preliminary data from family studies support the view that the defect in metoprolol oxidation is inherited. In 12 hypertensive patients who were EMs we compared the β-blocking activity and antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with metoprolol 200 mg once daily (conventional and long-acting formulations), with those of atenolol 100 mg once daily and placebo. The effects of all active preparations were similar at 3.5 hours but atenolol was superior to all metoprolol formulations at 24 hours after dosing. It is concluded that for the majority of patients metoprolol should be prescribed twice daily when using currently available dosage forms. Relationships between oxidation phenotype and side-effects should be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 9 (1985), S. 921-929 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours des 7 dernières années les auteurs ont observé 48 cas de tumeurs carcinoÏdes dont 15 siégeaient au niveau de l'intestin grÊle. Dans cet article ils décrivent les différents aspects revÊtus par ces tumeurs, le syndrome carcinoÏde et leur traitement adéquat. Le pronostic de ces lésions est très variable et donc difficile à prévoir pour chaque malade. Leur croissance et leur dissémination est souvent lente, de ce fait les malades soumis à un traitement médical et chirurgical convenables peuvent survivre de 15 à 20 ans au-delà des premières manifestations de la maladie. La qualité de vie peut Être améliorée soit par l'exérèse chirurgicale du plus grand nombre possible de métastases hépatiques, soit par embolisation hepatique.
    Abstract: Resumen Los tumores del yeyuno y del ileon constituyen hasta un 5% de todos los tumores del tracto gastrointestinal. Los tumores malignos más frecuentes del intestino delgado son los adenocarcinomas y los tumores carcinoides, con una ligera preponderancia de los adenocarcinomas. El ileon es el lugar de más frecuente localización de los carcinoides del intestino delgado, con una incidencia global que sólo la sobrepasa el apéndice. Cerca de 10% de los carcinoides de intestino delgado ocurren en el yeyuno. En los Últimos siete años hemos manejado 48 casos de tumores carcinoides. De estos, 15 han sido tumores del intestino delgado. Los tumores carcinoides poseen una apariencia histológica similar a la de otros tumores neuroendocrinos. Contienen y secretan 5-hidroxitriptamina; excesivas cantidades de ácido-5-hidroxi indolacético aparecen en la orina. Sinembargo, no todos los tumores producen 5-hidroxitriptamina y algunos secretan dopamina y noradrenalina. Tales hallazgos son consistentes con el concepto de que las células de un tumor carcinoide se derivan de la serie APUD. Los componentes principales del síndrome carcinoide son “flushing” (rubor), diarrea, lesiones valvulares cardiacas y asma. El primer objetivo del tratamiento quirÚrgico es corregir la obstrucción, lo cual implica la resección del tumor y de las asas intestinales afectadas por la masa tumoral. En algunos casos es necesario realizar hemicolectomía derecha. Cuando el tumor se extiende por fuera del intestino, la resección debe incluir tanto tumor como sea posible, incluyendo ganglios mesentéricos y paraaórticos y depósitos secundarios en el hígado. En aquellos casos en que haya mÚltiples depósitos, la resección parcial de hígado puede ser beneficiosa. La ligadura de la arteria hepática ha sido utilizada en casos de depósitos mÚltiples, pero este procedimiento ha sido reemplazado por la embolización; muchos patientes pueden sobrevivir por periodos largos de tiempo con metástasis hepáticas. Se ha utilizado la quimioterapia citotóxica para enfermedad difundida, así como la irradiación para el manejo de dolor por metástasis óseas.
    Notes: Abstract During the last 7 years we have managed 48 cases of carcinoid tumor. Of these 15 have been tumors of the small bowel. In this article we describe and discuss the presentation of small bowel carcinoid tumors, the carcinoid syndrome, and its treatment. The content reflects our clinical experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 11 (1983), S. 165-182 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: zlignocaine ; lidocaine ; time-dependent kinetics ; isolated perfused rat liver ; nonlinear hepatic uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of lignocaine have been investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. After a low dose (0.3 mg) the drug was eliminated according to first-order kinetics, but after higher doses (7.5, 15.0 mg) and multiple doses (3×1.5 mg at 15 min intervals), nonlinear kinetics were observed, which appeared to show time dependence. This was not due to deterioration of the preparation nor was there any evidence of a hepatotoxic effect of lignocaine. The kinetics of lignocaine were also found to be sex-dependent since it was eliminated at a faster rate by livers from male rats compared to those from female rats. Exogenous MEGX (7.5 mg), the mono-N-deethylated metabolite of lignocaine, inhibited the elimination of parent drug (1.5 mg dose). However, evidence was obtained suggesting that a direct effect of this and other end-product metabolites may not be responsible for the observed changes in lignocaine kinetics with time when the compounds are produced endogenously. Studies of the hepatic binding of lignocaine in the preparation showed the presence of high affinity-low capacity and low affinity-high capacity binding sites, which may be the enzymes responsible for aromatic hydroxylation and N-deethylation of the drug, respectively. Further experiments supported the view that an intermediate product of lignocaine, related to the N-deethylation pathway, might be inhibiting its further metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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