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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of plasma drug concentrations — A reply (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 659-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; drug adjustment ; elimination ; poor metaboliser ; drug oxidation ; drug reaction monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side-effects of β-blockers assessed using visual analogue scales (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acebutolol ; atenolol ; metoprolol ; oxprenolol ; propranolol ; antihypertensive drugs ; β-blockers ; cold digits ; dreaming ; insomnia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Visual analogue scales were used in a pilot study to compare side-effects in patients receiving antihypertensive drugs either including or excluding β-blockers. Compared with symptom scores for patients receiving antihypertensive medication other than a β-blocker, symptom scores (when combined) for patients receiving a β-blocker were significantly higher for tired legs (p〈0.001), cold digits (p〈0.005), and vivid dreams (p〈0.01). These methods were also applied in a postal survey which was designed to compare the incidence of symptoms in patients receiving different β-blockers with symptoms in subjects receiving no drugs. When compared with symptom scores for subjects receiving no drugs, symptom scores (when combined) for patients receiving β-blockers were significantly higher for tired legs (p〈0.001), cold digits (p〈0.01), insomnia (p〈0.01), and lack of well-being (p〈0.01). These two studies were consistent in showing higher symptom scores for tired legs and cold digits in patients receiving β-blockers. However, there were inconsistencies regarding sleep disturbance. Increased dreaming was apparent in the pilot study whereas increased insomnia was apparent from the postal survey. These inconsistencies cannot be explained. No significant differences in side-effects were apparent between different β-blockers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543718
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should the acetylator phenotype be determined when prescribing hydralazine for hypertension? (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acetylator phenotype ; hydralazine response ; hypertension ; blood pressure control ; lupus syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of acetylator phenotype in determining the response to hydralazine when it was added to diuretic and β-blocker at doses not exceeding 200 mg daily was examined in 57 hypertensive patients. 81% of rapid acetylators needed 200 mg hydralazine daily compared to 38% of slow acetylators (p〈0.01). Despite higher doses of hydralazine the blood pressure was controlled in only 27% of rapid acetylators compared to 65% of slow acetylators (p〈0.02). The relation of acetylator phenotype to blood pressure response was statistically independent of initial blood pressure, age, sex, body weight and serum creatinine (p〈0.005). Current recommendations on hydralazine dosage are unsatisfactory for the 40% of hypertensive patients who are rapid acetylators. We suggest measurement of the acetylator phenotype in patients who respond incompletely to 200 mg hydralazine daily. About 70% of these patients will be rapid acetylators in whom the dose of hydralazine can be increased safely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546706
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of ketanserin after a single dose and at steady-state in hypertensive subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ketanserin ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension ; ketanserinol ; predicted plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in 6 hypertensive patients after a single oral 40 mg dose and at steady-state after 4 weeks treatment with 20 mg and then 40 mg 12-hourly. Pharmacokinetic variables after a single dose were similar to those reported in healthy volunteers, with median values for Cmax 112 ng·ml−1, tmax 1 h, and t1/2 19 h. The corresponding values for the metabolite ketanserinol were Cmax 155 ng·ml−1, tmax 2 h, and t1/2 25 h. The median AUC was 3.3 times greater for ketanserinol than for the parent drug. These results were used to predict the mean steady-state plasma concentrations of ketanserin and ketanserinol. Predicted values were on average similar to those observed after four weeks treatment with 40 mg 12-hourly, although there were marked differences between the observed and predicted values in some patients. There was no evidence of time- or dose-dependent kinetics for ketanserin, but the study had insufficient power to exclude the occurrence of these phenomena entirely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical potassium excretion in response to aldosterone antagonists (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Spironolactone ; potassium canrenoate ; fludrocortisone ; kaliuresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of two aldosterone antagonists in reversing the urinary electrolyte changes induced by the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone was examined in healthy subjects. Between 2–10 h after treatment there were dose-related increases in sodium excretion and the urine log 10 Na/K ratio, but no significant changes in urine volume, potassium concentration, or potassium excretion. Between 12–16 h after treatment there were dose-related increases in urine sodium excretion and the log 10 Na/K ratio. Unexpectedly, there were significant dose-relatedincreases in potassium excretion despite significant dose-related reductions in urinary potassium concentration. The paradoxical increases in potassium excretion were attributed to dose-related increases in urine volume in the same period. These observations may explain the increased potassium excretion occasionally observed during clinical use of aldosterone antagonists and suggest that potassium excretion in man is influenced by the urine flow rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562899
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on the renal handling of a spironolactone metabolite in healthy subjects (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Spironolactone ; acetylsalicylic acid ; fludrocortisone ; kinetics ; pharmacology ; interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of 600 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the renal excretion and clearance of canrenone, the principal unconjugated metabolite of spironolactone, was examined in a double-blind crossover study in six healthy subjects. ASA significantly reduced the urinary excretion, and the fractional excretion, of canrenone between 4 — 6 hours after administration of 50 mg spironolactone. The pharmacological activity of spironolactone, assessed simultaneously by alterations in fludrocortisone-induced urinary electrolyte changes, was slightly but not significantly reduced. The reductions in urinary canrenone excretion correlated with changes in the urinary log 10 Na/K ratio. The results suggest that canrenone may be actively secreted at the proximal renal tubule, and that secretion is blocked by ASA or its conjugates. This is a possible mechanism for the pharmacological interaction between ASA and spironolactone which has been described previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561548
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of tolmesoxide in hypertensive patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolmesoxide ; vasodilators ; hypertension ; side-effects ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effect and tolerability of a new vasodilator, tolmesoxide (T), have been studied in 6 uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving atenolol and a diuretic. After a 50 mg oral dose mean (± SD) peak plasma concentration of T was 1.13±0.29 µg/ml−1 and occurred 0.79±0.40 h after the dose; mean peak plasma concentration of its sulphone metabolite (M) was 0.37±0.09 µg/ml−1 at 1.92±1.32 h after the dose. Following peak plasma concentrations there was a monoexponential decline in T and M concentrations with half-lives of 2.78±0.77 h and 10.78±7.85 h respectively. There was a linear increase in plasma concentration of T and M during incremental dosing with 50–200 mg t. i. d. During in-patient administration of 600–900 mg T daily (n=6) there was no significant change in blood pressure, pulse rate or body weight. Out-patient administration of 900 mg T daily (n=4) was associated with a significant fall in mean systolic but not diastolic bp (lying −15/+1 mm Hg. standing −25/−8 mm Hg). A further fall was observed in 2 subjects receiving 1200 mg and 1500 mg daily. Supine pulse rate increased (mean ± SD) significantly from 55±5/min to 66±8/min following 900–1500 mg T in 4 out-patients. Severe nausea and other gastro-intestinal side-effects in all subjects receiving 600–900 mg daily eventually necessitated drug withdrawal. In its present from T is not recommended for the treatment of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568397
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