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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive effect on gas exchange of inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous almitrine bismesylate in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Inhaled nitric oxide ; Almitrine bismesylate ; Adult respiratory distress syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To assess the additive effect of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and intravenous almitrine bismesylate (ALM) on gas exchange. Design Prospective self-controlled study. Setting 3 medico-surgical intensive care units. Patients 17 patients with severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio: 88±30mmHg, venous admixture: 47±7%) and elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP: 30±5mmHg) due to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interventions 5 conditions were studied: 1) baseline, 2) 5 to 10ppm of NO during 30min, 3) discontinuation of NO during 30min, 4) ALM infusion (0.5mg/kg) during 30min, 5) ALM infusion (0.5mg/kg) during 30min in combination with 5 to 10ppm of NO. Measurement and results The PaO2/FIO2 ratio rose from 88±30 to 98±37mmHg (NS) with NO alone, and from 92±25 to 130±56mmHg (p〈0.01) with NO+ALM (p〈0.05 vs NO alone). Seven patients were considered as “NO-responders” (rise in PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 10mmHg or more with NO); in this subgroup the PaO2/FIO2 ratio rose from 87±30 to 128±39mmHg (p〈0.05) with NO alone, and from 93±20 to 169±51mmHg (p〈0.01) with NO+ALM (p〈0.05 versus NO alone). MPAP decreased from 30±5 to 26±5mmHg (p〈0.01) with NO alone, increased slightly from 28±5 to 31±5mmHg (NS) with ALM alone and decreased to 27±5mmHg (p〈0.05) with NO+ALM. Conclusions NO+ALM had additive effects on gas exchange while decreasing MPAP in patients with ARDS. The effects of NO alone were small and non significant, except in a subgroup of 7 patients in whom the combination of both therapies had the more pronounced results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708960
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: better than continuous positive airway pressure? (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence, etiologies and outcome of the acute respiratory distress syndrome among hypoxemic ventilated patients (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 920-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute lung injury ; Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Mechanical ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and outcome of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Design: A prospective, multi-institutional, initial cohort study including 28-day follow-up. Settings: Thirty-six French intensive care units (ICUs) from a working group of the French Intensive Care Society (SRLF). Patients: All the patients entering the ICUs during a 14-day period were screened prospectively. Hypoxemic patients, defined as having a PaO2/FIO2 ratio (P/F) of 300 mmHg or less and receiving mechanical ventilation, were classified into three groups, according to the Consensus Conference on ARDS: group 1 refers to ARDS (P/F: 200 mmHg or less and bilateral infiltrates on the chest X-ray); group 2 to acute lung injury (ALI) without having criteria for ARDS (200 〈 P/F ≤ 300 mmHg and bilateral infiltrates) and group 3 to patients with P/F of 300 mmHg or less but having exclusion criteria from the previous groups. Results: Nine hundred seventy-six patients entered the ICUs during the study period, 43 % of them being mechanically ventilated and 213 (22 %) meeting the criteria for one of the three groups. Among all the ICU admissions, ARDS, ALI and group 3 patients amounted, respectively, to 6.9 % (67), 1.8 % (17) and 13.3 % (129) of the patients, and represented 31.5 %, 8.1 % and 60.2 % of the hypoxemic, ventilated patients. The overall mortality rate was 41 % and was significantly higher in ARDS patients than in the others (60 % vs 31 % p 〈 0.01). In group 3, 42 patients had P/F less than 200 mmHg associated with unilateral lung injury; mortality was significantly lower (40.5 %) than in the ARDS group. In the whole group of hypoxemic, ventilated patients, septic shock and severity indices but not oxygenation indices were significantly associated with mortality, while the association with immunosuppression revealed only a trend (p = 0.06). Conclusions: In this survey we found that very few patients fulfilled the ALI non-ARDS criteria and that the mortality of the group with ARDS was high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050983
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Omega system can underestimate medical activity in the ICU (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 245-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects of candesartan cilexetil (the new angiotensin II antagonist) on systemic and renal haemodynamics in hypertensive patients (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hypertension ; Candesartan cilexetil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: This study was performed to assess the acute effects of the new angiotensin II antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, on systemic and renal haemodynamics in patients with sustained essential hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95–114 mmHg]. Methods: After 4 weeks of placebo treatment, systemic and renal haemodynamics were investigated in 17 patients with a mean age of 62 years and a mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 170/98 mmHg, just before (baseline) and for 4 h after administration of a single oral dose of candesartan cilexetil, 16 mg. Plasma concentrations of candesartan (the active compound formed from the pro-drug candesartan cilexetil), angiotensin II (Ang II), as well as plasma renin activity (PRA), were measured before and after dosing. Results: At 2, 3 h and 4 h after dosing with candesartan cilexetil, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP, as well as mean arterial pressure (MAP), were significantly lower than at baseline. The mean reduction in MAP 4 h after dosing was 8.8 mmHg (−6.5%). This effect was due to a fall in total peripheral resistance (TPR), while heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were virtually unchanged. After 4 h there was a marked reduction in renal vascular resistance (RVR) of 0.0273 mmHg · ml−1 · min (−16%), resulting in an increased renal plasma flow of 64.9 ml · min−1 (14%). The glomerular filtration rate was increased by 7.75 ml · min−1 (8%), and the filtration fraction (FF) was not significantly changed. There was no apparent relationship between the changes observed in systemic and renal haemodynamic variables and plasma concentrations of candesartan. Plasma renin activity increased over the study period, but in general the patients had low PRA. Changes in plasma concentrations of angiotensin II were inconsistent between patients. Conclusion: A single oral tablet of candesartan cilexetil, 16 mg, induced systemic and renal arterial vasodilatation and blood pressure reduction, without compromising renal perfusion or filtration or affecting cardiac performance. Plasma renin activity which was low in general, increased over the study period, but changes in plasma concentrations of angiotensin II were inconsistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow resistance and its components in hypertensive men treated with the calcium antagonist isradipine (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypertension, Isradipine ; haemorheology, haemodynamics, calcium antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The components of blood flow resistance were investigated in 14 men with essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure higher or equal to 100 mmHg) before and after treatment with the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist-isradipine. Isradipine reduced intraarterial blood pressure by decreasing the total (placebo 5.1 U · mPa−1·s−1; isradipine 3.9 U·mPa−1·s−1), and renal (placebo 48.9 U·mPa−1· s−1, isradipine 35.4 U·mPa−1·s−1) vascular hindrance, the blood viscosity being unchanged. Arterial compliance was increased by isradipine (placebo 1.03 ml·mm Hg−1; isradipine 1,25 ml·mm Hg−1). The pressor response to adrenergic alpha stimulation with phenylephrine was decreased during treatment with the calcium antagonist. The compliance of the venous system was not changed by the treatment with isradipine. Haemorheological parameters were stable throughout the study but some changes in the correlations between the different rheological parameters were observed. The present study indicates that the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist isradipine was the result of functional modulation of the small and large arteries, the venous system and the flow properties of blood being unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285086
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute systemic and renal haemodynamic effects and long-term antihypertensive action of cadralazine in patients pretreated with β-blockers and diuretics (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cadralazine ; hypertension ; haemodynamic effects ; renal blood flow ; glomerular filtration ; renal function ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effects of the hydralazine-related compound cadralazine (2-{3-[6-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylamino]pyridazinyl}ethyl carbazate, ISF 2469), were investigated in 16 patients with primary hypertension concurrently treated with β-blockers and diuretics. The protocol included a double-blind placebo controlled haemodynamic evaluation after the first tablet and two 4-week double-blind placebo controlled cross-over periods followed by an open evaluation during 2 months. Cadralazine induced a moderate, prolonged fall in blood pressure that was associated with vasodilatation and slight increases in cardiac output (dye-dilution) and heart rate. Renal plasma flow (PAH) and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA) were not significantly influenced, but the filtration fraction was reduced. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline rose, whereas plasma renin activity was unchanged. The haemodynamic parameters were not correlated with the plasma concentrations of cadralazine. During chronic cadralazine treatment the supine blood pressure was significantly lower than during the double-blind placebo phase (160/93 vs 174/102 mmHg). The compound was generally well tolerated but the body weight increased slightly (1.1 kg), probably because of fluid retention. Several patients who had previously experienced side effects with hydralazine, including one with hydralazine-syndrome, tolerated cadralazine well. This suggests that cadralazine does not cross-react with hydralazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606622
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in lung function determined longitudinally compared with decline assessed cross-sectionally. The Cracow study (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 2 (1986), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Lung function ; Respiratory diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal annual changes in lung function (FEV1) with cross-sectional wstimates have been compared in the sample of Cracow inhabitants who underwent epidemiological follow-up on chronic nonspecific chest diseases. The annual rate of FEV1 decline was faster in men than in women. Among male smokers the FEV1 decline rate was 30% greater, while in women smokers 9% faster than in non-smokers. The cross-sectional estimates for annual changes differed in both surveys carried out in the interval of 13 years and were not very much consistent with the average longitudinal annual decline observed in the sample. However, the prediction of annual decline across the age groups showed large inconsistencies. They resulted from the curvilinear pattern in lung function decline over the age groups. It was found that the lung function in the elderly appeared to be more homogenous and the acceleration of decline rates slowed down. There is some evidence that the flattening of the decline curve among elderly might have been influenced by the selection bias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157025
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks related to FEV1 decline? The Cracow study (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Lung function decline ; Chronic wheezing ; Asthma-like attacks ; Prospective study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Analysis is presented of the relationship between decline in ventilatory function and possible symptoms of bronchial hypereactivity. Data comes from three consecutive surveys within a 13-year follow-up study of a population sample of 1747 persons (718 males and 1029 females) who completed spirometric testing and interviews. Chest symptoms recorded in the two initial surveys were used as baselines for the prognostic study on FEV1 change. To evaluate changes in lung function the FEV1 decline index, expressed as percentage of FEV1 loss during the study period, was calculated. Chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks were very strongly related to FEV1 baseline level. Multiple linear regression analysis for each separate symptom including age and smoking habits as confounders and showed that the FEV1 decline index was higher and more significant when wheezing and asthma-like attacks or chronic cough were present. When the combination of symptoms were introduced into the regression model, the effect of wheezing became insignificant. Only attacks of shortness of breath in both sexes and chronic cough in women were significantly associated with more rapid FEV1 decline. However, the effect of persistent wheezing in men had a rather substantial impact on FEV1 change. Comparing the effect of the number of cigarettes smoked with the effect of symptoms, one can see that FEV1 decline due to attacks of shortness of breath is comparable to that seen with heavy smoking. There was no strong evidence that the symptoms under study precede the more rapid FEV1 decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148921
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steric effects in the 17O NMR spectroscopy of aromatic methyl ethers (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 17O NMR ; Aromatic methyl ethers ; Steric effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 17O NMR spectroscopic data (natural abundance) were obtained for 19 methoxy-aromatic compounds: a series of substituted anisoles with a single ortho substituent, a series of 2, 6-disubstituted anisoles, a series of 3-substituted-1, 2-dimethoxybenzenes and three multi-substituted anisole derivatives. The chemical shifts of the highly hindered methoxy compounds are related to previously reported regiochemistry, spectroscopic results and from theoretical calculations for these compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260250412
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