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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous decolorization of bleached kraft effluents byCoriolus versicolor in the form of pellets (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Black liquor ; Mycelial pellet ; Ligninolytic activity ; Laccase ; Activity loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Continuous decolorization of kraft black liquor by mycelial pellets ofCoriolus versicolor in the presence of glucose as co-substrate is discussed. A linear relationship was developed between the rate of decolorization and the liquor concentration. The rate constant was equal to 0.00961 gmyc−1 h−` at 22°C. During the continuous experiments the pellets exhibited no apparent loss of activity when the liquor concentration was in the range of 400 CU l−1 to 5000 CU l−1. However, in the repeated batch experiments a loss of activity was observed which was dependent on the initial liquor concentration. The half-life of pellets was equal to 4.7, 9.4 and 20.2 days for the initial liquor concentration of 1380, 31 780 and 6990 CU l−1, respectively. The production of the extracellular enzyme, laccase, was followed but could not be used as an indicator of the ligninolytic activity. The involvement of the intracellular enzymes ofC. versicolor in the decolorization process is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of increased hydrogen partial pressure on the acetone-butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1985), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Elevated H2 partial pressure in the acetone-butanol fermentation increased the butanol and ethanol yields on glucose by an average of 18% and 13%, respectively, while the respective yields of acetone and of the endogenous H2 decreased by an average of 40% and 30%, and almost no effect was observed on the growth of the culture. The butanol to acetone ratio and the fraction of butanol in the total solvents were also increased with the H2 pressure. There were no major differences in the observed pattern of change with pressurization at either t=0 or t=18 h. The results demonstrate the importance of H2 partial pressure in the regulation of the C. acetobutylicum metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250028
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture conditions for growth and solvent biosynthesis by a modified Clostridium acetobutylicum (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 513-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A modified strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum and the fermentation medium conditions for good growth of the culture and normal production of solvents are described. The pretreatment of the culture with butyric-acid-enriched medium increased the final solvent yield on sugar and lowered the residual butyric acid accumulation. In a complex medium, relatively high concentrations of yeast extract (7.5 g/l) and ammonium sulphate (3 g/l to 6 g/l) were required for normal solvent synthesis. The nitrogen requirements for cellular growth and solvent production were distinctively different. Production of solvents and growth of the culture were dependent on the concentration of para-aminobenzoic acid and relatively independent of the variations of the initial pH of the medium in the range of 4.6 to 6.3. Solvent production was obtained with initial glucose concentrations of 20.5 g/l to 70 g/l, resulting in a maximum solvent concentration of 22 g/l and a maximum yield on glucose of 32.7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian rhythmicity in a fermentation process? (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 (1989), S. 460-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An idea is proposed for the role of the circadian rhythmicity in the control of the oscillatory behavior observed in the growth and product formation during the cell-retention continuous culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum. C. acetobutylicum is highly sensitive to the permeability of the cell membrane. A physical mechanism for the variability of the cytoplasmic membrane has been proposed suggesting that the performance of the cell membrane, due to its liquid crystalline structure, is influenced by the external forces (e.g. earth's magnetic field). A previously developed Physiological State Model was extended by incorporating the effect of external forces on the cell membrane permeability. The new mathematical model could simulate the observed oscillatory behavior of the microbial culture. Some experimental results in support of the theoretical predictions have been presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263850
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation process diagnosis using a mathematical model (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 186-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Intriguing physiology of a solvent-producing strain ofClostridium acetobutylicum led to the synthesis of a mathematical model of the acetone-butanol fermentation process. The model presented is capable of describing the process dynamics and the culture behavior during a standard and a substandard acetone-butanol fermentation. In addition to the process kinetic parameters, the model includes the culture physiological parameters, such as the cellular membrane permeability and the number of membrane sites for active tansport of sugar. Computer process simulation studies for different culture conditions used the model, and quantitatively pointed out the importance of selected culture parameters that characterize the cell membrane behaviour and play an important role in the control of solvent synthesis by the cell. The theoretical predictions by the new model were confirmed by experimental determination of the cellular membrane permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982900
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of biodegradation of gasoline and its hydrocarbon constituents (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Aerobic biodegradation of gasoline and its constituents, benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were studied by an enrichment from soil indigenous microbial population. The enrichment culture completely degraded 16.1–660 mg/l gasoline in 2.5–16 days respectively, without accumulation of any by-products. The kinetics of gasoline as well as benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene biodegradation was investigated with initial gasoline concentrations of 16.1–62.6 mg/l. The maximum specific rates of biodegradation of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.12, 0.38 and 0.19 mg mg biomass−1 day−1 respectively. When benzene and toluene were used as sole substrate, the maximum specific rates of their biodegradation were 62.9 and 16.4 times greater than the corresponding values for a mixture (gasoline). The microbial culture was able to mineralize up to 200 mg/l pure toluene and benzene. Maximum mineralization efficiencies of benzene and toluene were 76.7 ± 5.1% and 76.8 ± 1.3% respectively. Self-inhibition and competitive inhibition patterns were observed during the biodegradation of benzene and toluene alone and in the mixture respectively. The observed kinetics was modeled according to Andrews' inhibition model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation process diagnosis using a mathematical model (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 186-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Intriguing physiology of a solvent-producing strain ofClostridium acetobutylicum led to the synthesis of a mathematical model of the acetone-butanol fermentation process. The model presented is capable of describing the process dynamics and the culture behavior during a standard and a substandard acetone-butanol fermentation. In addition to the process kinetic parameters, the model includes the culture physiological parameters, such as the cellular membrane permeability and the number of membrane sites for active tansport of sugar. Computer process simulation studies for different culture conditions used the model, and quantitatively pointed out the importance of selected culture parameters that characterize the cell membrane behaviour and play an important role in the control of solvent synthesis by the cell. The theoretical predictions by the new model were confirmed by experimental determination of the cellular membrane permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental bioenergetics ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae in respiration and fermentation (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2373-2390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose was investigated, focusing on the heat evolution as it relates to biomass and ethanol synthesis. “Aerobic fermentation” and “aerobic respiration” were established respectively in the experimental system by performing batch and fed-batch experiments. “Balanced growth” batch cultivations were carried out with initial sugar concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 g/L, resulting in different degrees of catabolite repression. The fermentative heat generation was continuously monitored in addition to the key culture parameters such as ethanol production rate, CO2 evolution rate, O2 uptake rate, specific growth rate, and sugar consumption rate. The respective variations of the above quantities reflecting the variations in the catabolic activity of the culture were studied. This was done in order to evaluate the microbial regulatory system, the energetics of microbial growth including the rate of heat evolution and the distribution of organic substrate between respiration and fermentation. This study was supported by closing C, energy, and electron balances on the system.The comparison of the fractions of substrate energy evolved as heat (δh) with the fraction of available electrons transferred to oxygen (∊O2) indicated equal values of the two (0.46) in the aerobic respiration (fed-batch cultivation). However, the glucose effect in batch cultivations resulted in smaller ∊O2 than δh, while both values decreased in their absolute values. The evaluation of the heat energetic yield coefficients, together with the fraction of the available electrons transferred to O, contributed to the estimation of the extent of heat production through oxidative phosphorylation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model of a batch acetone-butanol fermentation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for the batch culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum was formulated using experimental data for anaerobic solvent production. The model summarizes biochemical as well as physiological aspects of growth and metabolite synthesis by the production strain. The key fermentation rates are expressed and evaluated with regard to substrate consumption and butanol end-product inhibitory effects. Parametric sensitivity analysis of the batch process model was carried out, indicating the importance of the key process parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280215
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems analysis of the culture physiology in acetone-butanol fermentation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1334-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Pronounced differences in performance of a strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 were analyzed by the method of systems analysis. The mechanism for cellular transport of substrate (glucose), solvents, and acids was studied and mathematically formulated. The systems analysis approach in the treatment of data from culture experiments pointed out the cell membrane malfunction indicated by its altered permeability and reflected in the altered number of active sugar transport sites. Experimental results obtained from the study of the cell uptake of 3-0-methyl glucose (0.7mM) by the “normal culture” and the “retarded culture” confirmed the theoretical predictions regarding a slower transport in the retarded culture. The initial uptake rate and the accumulation coefficient of the sugar in the normal culture were 15.0 and 4.1 times higher, respectively, than those for the retardedculture. Adjustment of the culture pH resulted in further increases in these parameters by factors of 3.0 and 3.5, respectively.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280908
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