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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new bioactive bone cement: Its histological and mechanical characterization (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a bioactive bone cement using CaO—SiO—2—P2O5—CaF2 glass powders and ammonium phosphate solution, and investigaed ist histological and mechanical characteristics in vivo. A bone defect was drilled in the proximal metaphysis of the rat tibia and filled with the bioactive bone cement in paste form or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement in the dough state. The cements were allowed to harden in situ. Histological examinationdemonstrated direct bonding between the new cement and bone by 4 weeks. The bioactive bone cement did not degrade up to 24 weeks postimplantation. The inflammatory reaction to the bioactive bone cement was less intense than the reaction induced by PMMA. Changes in the mechanical properties of the cement in vivo were studied by implanting hardened cylindrical specimens of both types of cement into the hindlimb muscles of ras of rats for 12 weeks. The compressive strength of the bioactive cement increased significantly after implantation, and reached 68 MPa in 1 week and 73 MPa in 4 weeks. These values were comparable to those of PMMA, and were maintained up to 12 weeks after implantation. This bioacive bone cement hadens in situ within a few minutes with negligible rise of temperature and can be easily handled as a paste for filling bone cavities of different shapes. In addition, this cement has good osteoconductive and bone bonding potential and fairly high mechanical strength. Therefore, this new cement could be used both as a bioactive bone cement and bone defect filler.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new bioactive bone cement consisting of BIS-GMA resin and bioactive glass powder (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a bioactive bone cement consisting of silane-treated CaO—SiO2—P2O5—CaF2 glass powder as the filling particles and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (BIS-GMA) diluted with triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as the organic matrix. Histological examination demonstrated direct bonding between the cement and bone along the circumference of the cement at 4 weeks after implantation in rat tibia. The compressive strength and toughness of the cement were two and four times greater than those of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement, respectively. The inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by the new cement was not as intense as that for PMMA 3 days after subcutaneous implantation. This new cement may be applicable as a bioactive bone cement with high mechanical strength. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the bioactive bone cement-bone interface: Quantitative and histological evaluation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The interface between bone and a bioactive glass cement - a mixture of bioactive glass powder and ammonium phosphate solution, previously reported on by the authors - was evaluated quantitatively and histologically. The materials tested were (1) the original bioactive glass cement (BCI cement); (2) an improved type of bioactive glass cement (BCII cement); (3) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement; and (4) a bioactive, apatite-wollastonite-containing, glass ceramic (A-W·GC). Hardened cylindrical specimens of each cement were inserted loosely into canine femora and the interfacial shear strengths were measured using a push-out test. The interfacial strength values of the bioactive glass cements increased with prolonged implantation time. At each postimplantation time studied (8, 12, and 24 weeks), the interfacial strength value of BCI cement did not differ significantly from that of A-W·GC. BCII cement interfacial strength was greater than that of BCI cement, whereas the interfacial strength of PMMA bone cement remained at a very low level throughout the study. Histological examinations revealed that direct bonding of both bioactive glass cements to bone had occurred without pathologic degradation. After 24 weeks, the defects between the bone and the bioactive glass cements had been filled with mature lamellar bone. Because the bioactive glass cement system developed by the authors, especially BCII cement, shows excellent osteoconductivity and bonds to bone tightly, we consider it to be a promising material for fixing prostheses into bone. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bioactive glass powder-ammonium hydrogen phosphate composite for repairing bone defects (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 1 (1990), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Bioactive glass powder (AW-G) was made into a rigid compound by mixing with ammonium hydrogen phosphate and was evaluated as a bone-defect filler. The proximal metaphysis of the rat tibia was drilled and packed with (a) polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, (b) AW-G powder, (c) AW-G powder with ammonium hydrogen phosphate (AW-G)-(A-P), or (d) nothing, as a control. The animals, with different implantation periods up to 24 weeks, were sacrificed and the defective sites were histologically analyzed. The results revealed direct bonding between the bone tissue and the (AW-G)-(A-P). The general inflammatory reaction of (AW-G)-(A-P) was less than that of PMMA bone cement. The compressive strength of (AW-G)-(A-P) implanted subcutaneously into rats was measured chronologically and deterioration did not occur during a period of 24 weeks. The rigidity increased to 1.6 times 6 months after implantation as compared with the initial value.This compound can be used as paste and is transformed into a rigid compound in about 4 min without noticeable elevation of the temperature. Thus, this (AW-G)-(A-P) composite can be used as a bone defect filler, and there is a possibility that it can even be used as a bone cement if higher rigidity can be attained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770010304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug release from a novel self-setting bioactive glass bone cement containing cephalexin and its physicochemical propertiesThis study is part 2 of “A novel skeletal drug delivery system using self-setting bioactive glass bone cement.” (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A novel device containing cephalexin as a model drug using a self-setting bioactive cement based on CaO—SiO2—P2O5 glass was investigated. The device consisted of 95 wt/wt% glass powders and 5 wt/wt% cephalexin powder hardened within 5 min after mixing with a phosphate buffer. After setting, in vitro drug release from homogeneous orheterogeneous drug-loaded cement pellets in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.25 and 37°C continued for over 4 weeks. The hardened cement gradually formed low-crystallinity hydroxyapatite with high bioactivity in hard bone tissue and reduced in volume by about 5% during dissolution testing in SBF. Consequently, 30% of the loaded drug was squeezed from the cement system at the initial stage of the drug release, and the remainder released more slowly. Because the heterogeneous system consisting of the cement and drug-loaded pellet avoided the drug-squeezing effect, it showed a longer drug release term than the homogeneous drug-loaded cement. The heterogeneous system using the hardened cement after soaking in SBF at 37°C for 10 days showed very slow drug release at the initial stage because it completely avoided the drug-squeezing effect, and the release was a zero-order pattern. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactive bone cement: The effect of amounts of glass powder and histologic changes with time (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A study was conducted to examine the influence of the amount of glass powder added to a bioactive bone cement of our formula on its mechanical and biologic properties. Serial changes in the cement with time were also examined. The bioactive bone cement consisted of CaO-SiO2—P2O5—CaF2 glass powder and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate resin. Glass powder was added to the cement in 30, 50, 70, and 80% weight ratios. The compressive strengths of the resulting cements (171-239 MPa) were more than double that of polymethylmethacrylate cement (68 MPa). Histologic examination of rat tibiae bearing artificial defects packed with each bioactive cement showed direct bone contact 4 weeks after surgery. The cement with a higher percentage of glass powder showed better direct formation of bone around its periphery with a thicker reactive layer. Under scanning electron microscopic observation, the reactive layer showed increased levels of calcium and phosphorus. Examination of histologic changes up to 26 weeks showed progressive bone formation around the cement and no sign of biodegradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290502
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and biological properties of two types of bioactive bone cements containing MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass and glass - ceramic powder (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 30 (1996), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this study two types of bioactive bone cement containing either MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass (type A) or glass-ceramic powder (type B) were made to evaluate the effect of the crystalline phases on their mechanical and biological properties. Type A bone cement was produced from glass powder and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (BIS-GMA) resin, and type B from glass-ceramic powder containing apatite and wollastonite crystals and BIS-GMA resin. Glass or glass-ceramic powder (30, 50, 70, and 80 by wt %) was added to the cement. The compressive strength of type A (153-180 MPa) and B (167-194 MPa) cement were more than twice that of conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement (68 MPa). Histological examination of rat tibiae showed that all the bioactive cements formed direct contact with the bone. A reactive layer was seen at the bone-cement interface. In specimens with type A cement the reactive layer consisted of two layers, a radiopaque outer layer (Ca-P-rich layer) and a relatively radiolucent inner layer (low-calcium-level layer). With type B cement, although the Ca-P-rich layer was seen, the radiolucent inner layer was absent. Up to 26 weeks there was progressive bone formation around each cement (70 wt %) and no evidence of biodegradation. The mechanical and biological properties of the cements were compared with those of a previously reported bone cement containing MgO-free CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass powder (designated type C). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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