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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-dependent surface reactions and implications for a stress measurement technique (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1211-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In contact with an environment, a solid may gain or lose mass due to, for example, deposition or etching. As the reaction proceeds, the surface of the solid moves, either extending or receding. If the solid is under stress, the elastic energy adds to the driving force of the reaction, and may cause the surface to roughen. This phenomenon has recently led to a novel experimental technique to determine the stress state in a solid by using an atomic force microscope to scan the surface profiles before and after etching. Stress is also known to change the mobility of a reaction. By this mechanism, the stress may either roughen or stabilize a flat surface. This article describes a linear perturbation analysis of a three-dimensional solid surface evolving under stress, using a general kinetic law. It is found that when the reaction is near equilibrium, the stress effect on driving force dominates; when the reaction is far from equilibrium, the stress effect on mobility dominates. Under these two conditions, the surface profile spectra have different patterns and length scales. The implications for the stress measurement technique are discussed. It is suggested that the same experimental procedure be used to measure surface energy and activation strains. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371999
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carboxyfullerene Prevents Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Carboxyfullerene, a water-soluble carboxylic acid derivative of a fullerene, was investigated as a protective agent against iron-induced oxidative stress in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of anesthetized rats. Intranigral infusion of exclusive carboxyfullerene did not increase lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra or deplete dopamine content in striatum. Infusion of ferrous citrate (iron II) induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. An increase in lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra as well as decreases in K+-evoked dopamine overflow and dopamine content in striatum were observed 7 days after the infusion. Co-infusion of carboxyfullerene prevented iron-induced oxidative injury. Furthermore, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive staining showed that carboxyfullerene inhibited the iron-induced loss of the dopaminergic nerve terminals in striatum. The antioxidative action of carboxyfullerene was verified by in vitro studies. Incubation of brain homogenates increased the formation of the Schiff base fluorescent products of malonaldehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Both autooxidation (without exogenous iron) and iron-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates were suppressed by carboxyfullerene in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that intranigral infusion of carboxyfullerene appears to be nontoxic to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Furthermore, the potent antioxidative action of carboxyfullerene protects the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system from iron-induced oxidative injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721634.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of chicken-liver glutathione S-transferase CL 3-3 (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 601-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Five different crystal forms of recombinant chicken-liver glutathione S-transferase CL 3-3 have been obtained by the vapor-diffusion method. The form A crystals are monoclinic C2, a = 125.56, b = 85.81, c = 52.71 Å and β = 114.64°, and diffract to 4 Å resolution. The form B crystals are monoclinic P21, a = 105.13, b = 118.54, c = 62.62 Å and β = 124.74°, and diffract to 2.8 Å resolution. The form C crystals are orthorhombic C222l, a = 101.69, b = 115.46, c = 95.40 Å, and diffract to 2.8 Å resolution. The form D crystals are tetragonal, P41212 or P43212, a = b = 115.31, c = 171.20 Å and diffract to 3.5 Å resolution. The form E crystals are hexagonal, P61 or P65, a = b = 104.23, c = 114.35 Å, diffract to 3.5 Å resolution. Forms A, C and E have one dimer of molecular weight 50 kDa, while forms B and D have two dimers per asymmetric unit, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444995016866
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DNA clone encoding the full-length infectious genome of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus and mutagenesis of its coat protein gene (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  A full-length DNA clone encoding the genome of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV) was synthesized and placed adjacent to a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped-RNA transcripts produced in vitro were highly infectious when mechanically inoculated onto seedlings of Nicotiana benthamiana and Oncidium Gower Ramsey. A representative clone, designated pOT2, caused a disease phenotype identical to that produced by parental viral RNA. ELISA, Western blot analysis, Northern blot hybridization and electron microscopy verified the infectivity of pOT2. A coat protein deficient mutant of the clone, pOΔCP1, was produced with the initiation codon of the coat protein cistron of ORSV abolished. Transcripts from pOΔCP1 were infective, able to move in N. benthamiana but produced no coat protein. This demonstrates that the coat protein was dispensable for RNA replication and for movement. This is believed to be the first report of an ORSV infectious clone driven by a T7 RNA polymerase promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050276
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of biologically active cDNA clones of cymbidium mosaic potexvirus using a population cloning strategy (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1617-1620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Biologically active cDNA clones of cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CymMV) were synthesized using a population cloning strategy. Three populations of overlapping RT-PCR products encompassing the entire viral RNA of CymMV were ligated into pBluescriptKS+ with T7 RNA polymerase promoter fused to the 5′ extreme of the viral cDNA. Capped-RNA in vitro transcripts were infectious. This is the first report of successful synthesis of biologically active CymMV clones. Unlike the conventional methods, population cloning maximizes the probability of obtaining biologically active cDNA clones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus RNA: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CymMV) was determined to be 6 227 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly (A) tail at the 3′ terminus. Similar to other potexviruses, its genome organisation is comprised of five major open reading frames (ORFs 1 to 5), encoding a Mr 160 KDa putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp); a Mr26KDa/13KDa/10KDa triple-gene-block (TGB) and a Mr 24 KDa coat protein. The CymMV encoded proteins shared a high degree of homology to their corresponding proteins of other members of the potexvirus group. The nucleotide sequence of the 5′ noncoding region (NCR) of CymMV and all other potexviruses initiates with GAAAA. CymMV possesses the shortest 5′ NCR among all potexviruses. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of RdRp and coat protein, CymMV shares a close relationship to PAMV, NMV, WClMV and SMYEaV. This is believed to be the first record of the complete nucleotide sequence of CymMV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050084
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