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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural distribution of oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young men with minimal periodontal disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 1005 subgingival and extracrevicular samples from 201 male recruits, 18–25 yr old, were selectively cultivated for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The organism was isolated in 55 subjects (27%); 9.5% of pooled subgingival plaque samples from first molars, 14% cheek mucosa, 20% dorsum of tongue and 20% saliva samples were culture-positive. In order to divide the study population into distinct clinical categories, cluster analysis was performed, based on previous caries experience, probing pocket depth categories, bleeding scores, visible plaque and calculus. Two clusters (n=86 and n=92, respectively) were identified with no or minimal periodontal disease (mean±standard deviation % of periodontal probing depth 1–2 mm 78.7±10.4% and 57.4±12.6%, respectively; virtually no periodontal probing/depth in excess of 4 mm) and a relatively low DMF-S (22±13). A third cluster (n=22) had, in contrast, a high DMF-S (47.7±173) and a relatively high % of periodontal pockets of ≥5 mm (5.9 ±5.2%). Prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in this cluster was 41%, while the organism was found in 23% and 27% in the minimally diseased populations (p〈0.15). Whereas no heterogeneity of associations between subgingival and extracrevicular occurrence of the organism could be ascertained in different clusters, the organism was significantly more often identified in extracrevicular material, especially dorsum of tongue samples, compared with subgingival plaque (McNemar's X2=12.45, p〈0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the number of A. actino-mycetemcomitans positive samples as well as the % of sites bleeding on probing being positively associated with the % of sites with a probing pocket depth of ≥5 mm (R2=0.345, p≤0.0001). The present large-scale investigation points to the wide distribution of this putative periodontopathogen in young individuals with minimal periodontal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00506.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minimal periodontal disease (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 36 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to investigate the intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minor signs of periodontal disease but harboring the organisms in the oral cavity. 17 healthy volunteers, 20 to 27 years of age, participated. Samples from mucosal surfaces of the oro-pharyngeal cavity and saliva (n=221) as well as subgingival plaque from every tooth (n=477) were selectively cultivated for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Species identity and presence of the leukotoxin encoding gene, ltxA, were checked by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the leukotoxin promoter region was analyzed. No isolate harbored a 530 bp deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene, signaling minimally toxic strains. 42.1±30.4% extracrevicular and 34.4±29.5% subgingival samples were culture-positive. In extracrevicular samples, the organism could easily be recovered from cheek mucosa (62%), saliva (59%) and the palatal tonsils (41%). Mean log-transformed numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans colony forming units (CFU/ml) in culture-positive material ranged between 1.8 from the hard palate and 2.3 from 10 μl saliva. The highest prevalence in subgingival plaque was observed at maxillary 3rd molars (55%) followed by maxillary lateral incisors (50%) and mandibular 3rd molars (41%). Mean log-transformed counts of CFU/ml ranged between 2.2 at maxillary 3rd molars and 3.4 at upper central incisors. When adjusted for jaw, site and tooth type, the odds of isolating higher numbers of the organism were increased with every mm probing depth by a factor of 1.35 (p〈0.05). The odds ratio for bleeding on probing was 1.38. Thus, in this young adult population with minor periodontal disease, A. actinomycetemcomitans was mainly associated with some deviation from gingival health. Of concern might be a minority of subjects (29%) with an extremely wide distribution of the organism in the oral cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.360208.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that Borrelia burgdorferi immunodominant proteins p100, p94 and p83 are identical (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 94 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently there have been reports on high-molecular mass components of Borrelia burgdorferi, namely the p100, p94 and p83, which claimed these proteins to be specific marker antigens for the serodiagnosis of late Lyme borreliosis. The nucleotide sequences of the p100 and p83 have been published. The alignment of the deduced N-terminal amino acid sequences with the N-terminal sequence of the p94 now provides evidence that all three proteins are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05321.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A longitudinal study of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in army recruits (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During recruiting examinations 201 recruits, 18-25 yr old, were examined for subgingival and extracrevicular Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The organism was isolated in 55 subjects, most often at low levels. Cluster analysis revealed 3 clusters with no (A, n = 86) or minor (B, n = 92) periodontal disease and low DMF-S, as well as established periodontitis, increased DS and high DMF-S (C, n = 22). When leaving the 12-months' service, 105 recruits were re-examined (54 cluster A, 41 cluster B, 9 cluster C subjects, 1 recruit who was not clustered). An increase of periodontal probing depth (PPD) of 3 mm at 1 or more sites occurred in 33 subjects: 9 (17%) in cluster A, 16 (39%) in cluster B, 7 (78%) in cluster C and in the not-clustered recruit. Considerable variation in frequency distributions of PPD alterations was observed, therefore significant (p〈0.1) mean increase (1-sample t-test) and skew g1 (S-statistic) were additionally considered to define an “active” case. A total of 7 recruits (6.7%) met the criteria. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant influence of self-reported smoking habits on activity status. Thus, heavy smokers (〉20 cigarettes/d) had a 14-fold higher risk (p = 0.030) for developing or progressing periodontitis compared to non- or light smokers (〈 10 cigarettes/d). In particular, cluster B recruits appeared to have a lower risk (p = 0.11) for developing periodontitis than cluster C recruits (established periodontitis, high DMF-S). A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated in 29 recruits (27.6%) at baseline and 30 recruits (28.6%) after 12 months. Presence of the organism was not a risk factor for periodontitis. However, in active subjects, significantly more samples were only A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive at re-examination compared to inactive recruits. It was concluded that smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontitis. Subjects with established periodontitis tend to deteriorate further. A. actinomycetemcomitans seems not to increase the risk for developing or progressing periodontitis in this age group. Longer studies involving larger populations are needed to confirm these observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01384.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of an especially toxic clone among isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recovered from army recruits (1999)
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 3 (1999), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ; Leukotoxin ; Virulence ; Periodontal disease ; Periodontal health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a major periodontal pathogen which is associated with early-onset and adult periodontitis. The organism has been shown to be widely distributed among dentate, healthy individuals as well. It has been demonstrated that A. actinomycetemcomitans shows great genetic diversity. An especially virulent clone of the organism (JP2-like) with a specific 530-base pair (bp) deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene has been isolated from localized juvenile periodontitis patients and related subjects of African and African-American origin. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of this specific clone employing specific oligonucleotide primers in a polymerase chain reaction among 51 isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans recovered from 201, 18- to 25-year-old recruits with no or minor periodontal disease. In addition, clinical isolates from 37 periodontitis patients were analyzed as well as reference strains ATCC 29524, NCTC 9710, Y4 and JP2. Primers amplifying a specific 285-bp amplification product in the ltxA region of the leukotoxin gene and a specific 547-bp amplification product of 16 S rRNA were used to genetically confirm identification of the organisms. Primers amplifying sequences in the leukotoxin promoter region were used to identify the deletion. Species specific primers definitively identified all A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. No isolates from army recruits or the reference strains displayed the deletion in the leukotoxin promoter region. However, in the periodontitis group, a 24-year-old individual from Ghana with localized juvenile periodontitis was identified with an intraoral infection with highly toxic A. actinomycetemcomitans (JP2-like). Present results confirm previous observations of absence of a highly toxic clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans among periodontally healthy and diseased Caucasians as well as a possible presence in localized juvenile periodontitis in individuals of African origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007840050096
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental infection and the state of viral latency of adult Tupaia with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and infection of Juvenile Tupaia with temperature-sensitive mutants of HSV type 2 (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 65 (1980), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The susceptibility of adultTupaia belangeri to infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) was investigated. Adult animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with HSV type 1 or 2. With the exception of HSV-2, strain HG-52, 105–106 PFU of all HSV strains caused lethal infection irrespective of the age of the animals. Infectious HSV was recovered from the spinal cord of those animals which had survived infection with a low dose of virus. The DNA of the recovered viruses was compared to the DNA of the inoculated HSV. The viral genome of the recovered HSV was unchanged as judged by analysis of the fragment pattern of the viral DNAs using restriction endonucleases. Animals which had survived the first HSV infection were protected against a second infection even at highly lethal doses of HSV-1 or 2. Juvenile Tupaia survived infection with temperature-sensitive mutants of HSV-2, strain HG-52, which induced protection against a second infection with lethal doses of HSV-1 or 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314546
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cefotaxime versus penicillin in the late stage of lyme disease — prospective, randomized therapeutic study (1990)
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die geringe Ansprechrate der Lyme-Arthritis auch bei intravenöser und hochdosierter Gabe von Penicillin G hat das Interesse an neueren Antibiotika zur Behandlung der Lyme-Borreliose im Spätstadium erhöht. Wie schon auf Grund vorliegender In-vitro-Daten zur Empfindlichkeit vonBorrelia burgdorferi erwartet werden konnte, sind Cephalosporine der dritten Generation sehr viel effektiver als Penicillin G. In der hier vorgestellten randomisierten prospektiven Untersuchung wurde deshalb Cefotaxim in einer Dosierung von 2 × 3 g täglich mit Penicillin G in einer Dosierung von 2 × 10 Mega-Einheiten verglichen. 135 Patienten, bei denen eine definierte klinische Symptomatik im Sinne einer Stadium-3-Borreliose für mindestens sechs Monate bestanden hatte und bei denen Antikörper gegenB. burgdorferi nachweisbar waren, wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Die Patienten wurden 24 Monate nachbeobachtet und im Abstand von drei Monaten reevaluiert. Die mit Cefotaxim behandelten Patienten zeigten ein signifikant besseres Therapieergebnis. Während in der Penicillin-Gruppe nur 61,3% der Patienten eine Voll- oder Teilremission ihrer Beschwerden zeigten, konnte dies bei der Cefotaxim-Gruppe bei 87,9% der Patienten erreicht werden (p=0,002). Parallel zum klinischen Effekt war ein Absinken der Antikörpertiter im Immunfluoreszenztest zu beobachten. Herxheimer-artige Reaktionen waren bei 20% der Patienten der Penicillin-Gruppe und bei 40,5% der Patienten der Cefotaxim-Gruppe zu beobachten. Diese Reaktion kann als Hinweis auf ein Ansprechen der Therapie gewertet werden.
    Notes: Summary The low responsiveness of Lyme arthritis to high dose intravenous penicillin G therapy has evoked the demand for new drugs for the treatment of late stage borreliosis. As can be deduced fromin vitro susceptibility data, third generation cephalosporins are far more effective onBorrelia burgdorferi spirochetes than penicillin G. The study presented here was designed to compare cefotaxime at a dosage of 2 × 3 g/day with penicillin G at a dosage of 2 × 10 megaunits/day, for ten days in a prospective randomized trial. A total of 135 patients were included in the study. They were diagnosed to suffer from late stage Lyme borreliosis on the basis of defined clinical symptoms compatible with stage three borreliosis manifestations of at least six months' duration and positive antibody titers againstB. burgdorferi. Final outcomes were recorded after a 24 month post-treatment observation period with re-examination at three-month-intervals. Cefortaxime proved to be significantly superior to penicillin G with 87.9% versus 61.3% of treatments resulting in full or incomplete remission of symptoms (p=0.002). Clinical remission was accompanied by declining antibody titers. Herxheimer-like reactions were observed in 20% of the patients of the penicillin group and in 40.5% of the patients of the cefotaxime group and may be interpreted as an indication of a response to therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seroprevalence of hantavirus antibodies in Germany as determined by a new recombinant enzyme immunoassay (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the epidemiological importance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Germany, the prevalence of antibodies against hantaviruses was determined in 13,358 sera from residents of various geographic regions, 1,284 sera from occupational risk groups and 287 sera from chronic hemodialysis patients. Serological investigations were performed using a highly specific transferable solid phase enzyme immunoassay based on the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of a Hantaan and a Puumala serotype strain. The overall antibody prevalence was found to be 1.68 %. In the serum panels from western and southern Germany, it was determined to be 1.83 % on average in contrast to only 0.8 % in the panel from eastern Germany. An endemic focus revealing an antibody prevalence of 3.12 % was detected in a low-mountain area called Suebian Alb, which is located in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. Occupational risk groups and a group of chronic hemodialysis patients showed a significantly elevated antibody prevalence ranging from 3.3 % to 10 %. The Puumala serotype was found to be the prevailing virus, but the percentage of sera predominantly recognizing the Hantaan nucleocapsid protein increased towards the south and the east and was significantly elevated in dialysis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02116523
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