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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptoms suggestive of atopic rhinitis in children aged 6–9 years and the indoor environment (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: We aimed to investigate the influence of indoor factors on the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of atopic rhinitis in children aged 6–9 years in Upper Austria. Methods: We analyzed the results from an extended ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire, answered by the parents, about indoor environment and symptoms strongly suggesting atopic rhinitis. This was defined as having reported a running, obstructed, or itchy nose apart from having a cold in the last year. The overall response rate was 93.4%. After excluding 6016 children (17.1%) with changed indoor environment (due to allergies in the family), we analyzed the remaining subsample of 18606 questionnaires. Results: The following factors were associated with an increased risk: mother's smoking during pregnancy and/or during time of breast-feeding (OR 1.28; CI 1.07–1.52), synthetic bedding (OR 1.21; CI 1.09–1.36), dampness/mold at home (OR 1.51; CI 1.31–1.74), central heating with gas (OR 1.75; CI 1.06–2.87), and space heating (OR 1.66; CI 1.01–2.98). Cooking with wood (OR 0.62; CI 0.46–0.84) was negatively associated with symptoms. Conclusions: The indoor environment plays a role in the symptoms of atopic rhinitis in children. However, the population-attributable risks were not particularly high; they were between −2.7% and 9% for the various exposures considered in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00575.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single dose topical corticosteroid inhibits IL-5 and IL-13 in nasal lavage following grass pollen challenge (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Nasal lavage is a noninvasive method of obtaining inflammatory exudates following nasal allergen challenge (NAC), and permits cells and released mediators to be evaluated.Objective:  To determine the effects of a single dose of topical steroid on eosinophils and levels of chemokines and cytokines in nasal lavage fluid following NAC in patients with allergic rhinitis.Methods:  Patients with grass pollen seasonal allergic rhinitis (n = 32) out of the allergy season received either nasal budesonide (100 μg per nostril) or matched placebo before allergen challenge in a double blind two-way crossover design. A semi-automated mixed bead array system was employed to measure multiple chemokines and cytokines in small volumes (50 μl) of nasal lavage supernatants.Results:  Following NAC there was a rapid onset of nasal symptoms together with nasal eosinophilia, and the appearance of IL-5 and IL-13 in lavages between 4 and 8 h. Elevated levels of eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8 and MCP-1 were also detected following allergen challenge. A single dose of nasal budesonide caused a decrease in symptoms (P 〈 0.05) and nasal eosinophils (P 〈 0.05) with selective abrogation of IL-5 and IL-13 responses (P 〈 0.05), but a lack of effect on levels of eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8 and MCP-1.Conclusion:  This study suggests that a single dose of nasal steroid has the capacity to selectively abolish IL-5 and IL-13 responses following NAC. This model should be convenient for testing novel anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory agents intended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00928.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical corticosteroid inhibits interleukin-4, -5 and -13 in nasal secretions following allergen challenge (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Cytokines and chemokines produced by allergen-reactive T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells may be pivotal to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders.Objective This study was performed to assess the effect of 7 days of topical corticosteroid on nasal allergen challenge (NAC) in terms of eosinophils, cytokines and chemokines obtained by nasal lavage and filter paper methods.Methods Patients with grass pollen seasonal-allergic rhinitis (n=13) out of season received nasal challenge following matched placebo (twice daily into each nostril for 7 days) and fluticasone propionate (100 μg twice daily into each nostril for 7 days). Chemokine and cytokine levels were analysed using a sensitive automated bead immunoassay system at intervals up to 8 h after NAC.Results Levels of cytokines and chemokines from filter paper were generally higher than from nasal lavage. Fluticasone propionate caused a reduction in symptoms, total leukocyte counts and eosinophils, and abrogation of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 responses in the filter paper taken in the late phase (P〈0.05 for IL-4 and IL-13, P〈0.01 for IL-5 and IL-6). Levels of chemokines (eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-8 and IP-10) were also reduced in the late phase (P〈0.01 at 8 h). However, levels of IL-2, IL-3, IL-7, IL-12 (p40 and p70), -15, TNF-α, IFN-γ and GM-CSF were not affected.Conclusion Fluticasone propionate has selective inhibitory effects on Th2 cytokine synthesis following nasal challenge, while also decreasing release of chemokines, but not affecting levels of Th1 cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02381.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma – Fragebogenerhebung bei Schulanfängern im Rahmen der schulärztlichen Vorsorgeuntersuchung Machbarkeit und Aussagekraft (2000)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Asthma ; Schulanfänger ; Unterdiagnostik ; Asthmamedikamente ; ISAAC-Fragebogen ; Key words Asthma ; Underdiagnosis ; School-beginners ; Asthma medication ; ISAAC-questionnaire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and methods. We handed out the standardised ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire to 13,414 parents of school beginners aged 5–7 in 1996 and 1997 in Vienna, Austria. Results. Despite the existence of wheezing symptoms (1996: 8.2% (n=385) – 1997: 6.9% (n=603)) only one third of the symptomatic children had a diagnosis of asthma (1996: 29.9% – 1997: 32.6%). Half of the symptomatic children did not receive any proper medication (n=349). Children born in late summer have significantly more asthma symptoms than children born in February. Discussion. Aim of our study was to get an overview of the prevalence of symptoms, doctor's diagnosis and medical care. We strongly suspect underdiagnosis which is also affecting treatment. Moreover, we showed the possibilities of engaging the school doctors into epidemiological research. Restrictively, the response rates have to be elevated in future research. This reveals new possibilities in research.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Methode. Wir führten 1996 und 1997 bei insgesamt 13.414 Eltern von 5- bis 7-jährigen Schulanfängern in Wien auf der Basis des international standardisierten ISAAC-Fragebogens (ISAAC: international study of asthma and allergies in children) eine epidemiologische Querschnittsuntersuchung durch. Ergebnisse. Trotz asthmatischer Symptome [1996: 8,2% (n=385) – 1997: 6,9% (n=603)] wurde nur bei 1/3 der Kinder (1996: 29,9% – 1997: 32,6%) eine Asthmadiagnose gestellt, mehr als die Hälfte (n=349) der symptomatischen Kinder erhielt keinerlei antiasthmatische Therapie. Im Spätsommer geborene Kinder hatten im Vergleich zu im Februar geborenen Kindern signifikant häufiger asthmatische Symptome. Schlussfolgerungen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, einen Überblick über Symptomprävalenz, Asthmadiagnose, Medikation und Betreuungssituation zu erhalten. Es lassen sich Unterdiagnostik und Unterversorgung annehmen. Des weiteren konnten wir die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des schulärzlichen Diensts aufzeigen. Einschränkend muss darauf hingewiesen werden, dass die Beteiligungsraten in künftigen Erhebung angehoben werden müssen. Mit gut validierten Instrumenten ergeben sich hier neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050598
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopische Prädisposition des Kinds und andere das Stillverhalten beeinflussende Faktoren (2000)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stillen ; ISAAC ; Atopie ; Prädisposition ; Key words Breastfeeding ; ISAAC ; Atopy ; Predisposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and methods: As part of the population – based ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) study conducted in Upper Austria we analyed breastfeeding and its effects on the development of atopic diseases in children up to the age of 6–9 years. Results: 74.6% of the parents reported breastfeeding their children; 25.9% of the children were breastfed for less than 2 months, 25.9% for 2 to 4 months, the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding for 5–6 months was followed by 13.2% of the mothers, and 10.4% of the children were exclusively breastfed for more than 6 months. Smoking during pregnancy and low educational level were inversly related to breastfeeding and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. 23.8% of children were classified risk-children (one first grade relative with at least one atopic disease), 7.2% of children were classified high-risk children ( more than one first grade relative with an atopic disease). Discussion: In comparison to children without family predisposition, risk and high risk-children were breastfed both more often and also for a longer period of time. A protective effect of breastfeeding was only found for the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. We found no significant relation between asthma or atopic eczema and breastfeeding and dura-tion of exclusive breastfeeding respectively.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Methode: Im Rahmen einer ISAAC(International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood)-Vollerhebung in Oberösterreich wurden die Stillgewohnheiten von Müttern und die Auswirkung des Stillverhaltens auf das Auftreten atopischer Erkrankungen der Kinder bis zum Alter von 6–9 Jahren analysiert. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt gaben 74,6% der Eltern (retrospektiv mittels Fragebogen) Stillen als Ernährungsform ihrer Kinder an; jeweils 25,9% der Kinder wurden weniger als 2 Monate bzw. 2–4 Monate ausschließlich mit Muttermilch ernährt, an die empfohlene Stilldauer von 5–6 Monaten hielten sich 13,2% der Mütter und 10,4% der Kinder wurden mehr als 6 Monate gestillt. Rauchen der Mutter und niedrige Bildung der Eltern zeigten eine signifikant inverse Beziehung zu Stillprävalenz und Stilldauer. 23,8% der Kinder wurden als Risikokinder (1 Verwandter 1. Grads mit zumindest einer atopischen Erkrankung) eingestuft, 7,2% der Kinder wurden als Hochrisikokinder (mehr als 1 Verwandter 1. Grads mit atopischer Erkrankung) bezeichnet. Diskussion: Im Vergleich zu Kindern ohne familiäre Belastung wurden Risikokinder und Hochrisikokinder signifikant häufiger und länger gestillt. Eine protektive Wirkung des Stillens konnte allerdings nur für das Auftreten einer allergischen Rhinitis festgestellt werden. Zwischen Stillverhalten bzw. Stilldauer und dem Auftreten von Asthma bronchiale und atopischem Ekzem bis zum Alter von 6–9 Jahren konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang gefunden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050558
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