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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of diphemanil methylsulphate in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphemanil methylsulphate ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of oral diphemanil methylsulphate have been evaluated in six healthy male volunteers. Absorption of the drug was slow (tmax=2 to 4 h), the mean half-life was 8.35 h, and the amount of the drug recovered in urine within 48 h ranged from 0.6 to 7.4% of the administered dose. The results suggest low bioavailability, assuming that the drug is poorly metabolized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265939
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GLC method for estimation of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma. Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of clofibrate in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clofibrate ; chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid ; plasma kinetics ; GLC ; analytical method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A GLC method has been developed to measure chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma after benzol extraction and transformation to its methyl ester, using methyl laurate as the internal standard. Plasma free fatty acids did not interfere with the analysis, but it could not be employed in the presence of salicylates. The method has been employed to study the pharmacokinetics of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in man after oral ingestion of a single dose of clofibrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of clorazepate in pregnant and non-pregnant women (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clorazepate ; nordiazepam ; pregnancy ; pharmacokinetics ; intramuscular injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single dose of clorazepate 20 mg was injected i.m. in 7 pregnant and 7 non-pregnant women. Blood samples were collected for one week, and urine was collected for 24 h after the dose. The concentrations of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam were determined by electron capture gas liquid chromatography. There was no difference between the two groups on physical examinations. Clorazepate was rapidly absorbed and the peak concentration was reached within 2h. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters for clorazepate were absorption half life 0.77h in pregnant women and 0.56h in non-pregnant women; elimination half life 1.3h in pregnant women and 2.0h in non-pregnant women; volume of distribution: 0.43 l · kg−1 in the pregnant women and 0.33 l · kg−1 in non-pregnant women. Nordiazepam reached its peak concentration within 12h after dosing; its mean half life of elimination was 180h in pregnant women and 60h in non-pregnant women. Within 24h, 1.3% of the clorazepate was recovered in urine from pregnant women and 7% in urine from the non-pregnant women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of the placental transfer and distribution of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam in the feto-placental unit and in the neonate (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clorazepate ; nordiazepam ; pregnancy ; placental transfer ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clorazepate 20mg was given i. m. to 49 mothers during the first stage of labour. The elimination of the drug was studied in 27 newborns produced by these mothers. The same dose was given to 13 women who underwent amniocentesis and to 7 women who were breast-feeding. “Total nordiazepam”, i.e. the sum of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam, was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood (both arterial and venous), amniotic fluid and in milk. Clorazepate was found to cross the placental barrier slowly, but nordiazepam was transferred more rapidly. Nordiazepam was found in the milk and in the blood of neonates after breast-feeding had started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placental transfer of atropine at the end of pregnancy (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atropine ; placental transfer ; fetal heart rate ; maternal blood level ; fetal blood level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a first study, 28 pregnant women received a fast intravenous injection of atropine sulphate 12.5 µg/kg, as in a classical atropine test. Fetal tachycardia resulted. The maternal venous blood concentration of atropine, determined by bioassay on guinea pig ileum, decreased rapidly in the first 3–5 min and very slowly thereafter In a second study, 45 women in labour received the same dose i. v., and at birth atropine was measured both in maternal and cord blood. Placental transfer of atropine had occurred in every case and was highly variable, depending on the maternal blood concentration of the drug. This suggests that the atropine test is not mainly dependent on placental function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561745
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stiripentol on carbamazepine plasma concentration and metabolism in epileptic children (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 497-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Stiripentol ; Carbamazepine ; Epilepsia; drug metabolism ; antiepileptic drugs ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the relationship between the plasma concentration of stiripentol (STP), a new antiepileptic drug, and its inhibitory effect on the formation of carbamazepine epoxide (CBZE) in epileptic children treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) either alone or in combination with another antiepileptic drug. Methods: Minimum plasma concentration of antiepileptic drugs was measured before initiation of STP therapy (day 0) and on days 28 (STP 60 mg⋅kg−1⋅day−1) and 84 (STP 90 mg⋅kg−1⋅day−1) by HPLC. Results: The CBZE/CBZ plasma concentration ratio decreased exponentially with increasing minimum plasma STP concentration (r = 0.80). The asymptote of the curve allowed the calculation of the minimum plasma STP concentration required to obtain the maximum inhibitory effect, i.e. 6.7 mg⋅l−1. Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of STP on CBZ metabolism expressed as the CBZE/CBZ plasma concentration ratio is dependent on STP plasma concentration, with a maximum effect at an average of 7 mg⋅l−1. The present data suggest that in order to evaluate the anticonvulsant efficacy of STP as add-on therapy, the minimum plasma STP concentration should be maintained above 7 mg⋅l−1 and the dosage of CBZ should simultaneously be decreased in steps by more than 50% to minimize the change in CBZ plasma concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050147
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer in vitro of three benzodiazepines across the human placenta (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diazepam ; nordiazepam ; clorazepate ; placental perfusion ; placental transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative study of the placental transfer to the foetus of three benzodiazepines was performed using a dual perfusion system of the human placental lobule. A transport fraction was calculated for each benzodiazepine and was compared with reference substances. Relative to antipyrine, the transport fraction of diazepam was 85%, and that of nordiazepam was 84%. The transport fraction of clorazepate represented only 20% of that of tritiated water. The relatively high transfer of diazepam and nordiazepam can be attributed to their high lipid solubility, and the lower transfer of clorazepate is due to its polar nature. It is suggested that in certain instances this benzodiazepine may be of especial value to obstetricians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563101
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