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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 36 (1974), S. 359-374 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung befaßte sich, ausgehend von der Theorie der “overinclusion” nach Cameron bzw. Payne zur Beschreibung schizophrener Denkstörungen, mit einem Aspekt des Problemlösungsverhaltens. Solches Verhalten kann wohl am leichtesten durch ein Testmaterial zum Strategienlernen kontrolliert werden. 20 Normale und 20 Schizophrene mußten die vier Buchstaben „H, Y, T und M“ in 50 aufeinanderfolgenden Versuchen erraten. Da die Buchstaben charakteristische Gemeinsamkeiten hatten, konnte eine Lösung in jedem Fall gefunden werden, bei Anwendung einer „Simultanstrategie“ mit genau zwei Fragen. Die Ergebnisse machten deutlich, daß alle Versuchspersonen eine Strategie erlernten, daß aber signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Stichproben hinsichtlich der Art ihrer Strategie bestand. Schizophrene hatten eine charakteristisch andere, eine „Sukzessivstrategie“ entwickelt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden einige Schlußfolgerungen für die Anwendung therapeutischer Maßnahmen gezogen.
    Notes: Summary The present research was concerned with one aspect of problemsolving behaviour, starting from the Cameron and Payne theory of “overinclusion” for the description of schizophrenic thought disorders. The easiest way of monitoring this kind of behaviour is probably by means of test material for strategy learning. A sample of 20 normal and 20 schizophrenic subjects had to discover the four letters “H”, “Y”, “T” and “M” in 50 successive trials. Since the letters had characteristic features in common, the application of a “simultaneous scanning strategy” with exactly two questions allowed a solution to be formed in each case. The results clearly demonstrated that all subjects learned a strategy but that there were significant differences between the two groups in the type of strategy. Schizophrenics developed a typically different strategy, i.e. a “successive scanning strategy”. These results lead to some conclusions relevant to the application of therapeutic methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 89-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphemanil methylsulphate ; antimuscarinic agent ; pharmacokinetics ; infants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of diphemanil methylsulphate was evaluated after oral administration of a single 3 mg·kg−1 dose to 5 infants being treated for symptomatic bradycardia. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of oral diphemanil methylsulphate in infants were similar to those in adults. The mean half-life was 8.6 h. This would allow administration three times a day in infants instead of four to six times a day, as currently prescribed. The mean residence time decreases significantly with age (Spearman's r′=−1), and there is a trend for the half-life to decrease with age (r′=−0.9; NS), suggesting an influence of maturation on its elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitroglycerin ; aspirin ; pharmacological interaction ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; healthy subjects ; physiological effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction between nitroglycerin (NTG) and aspirin was investigated in 7 healthy subjects in order to test whether aspirin could block the haemodynamic response to NTG; the doses used were NTG 0.8 mg, and aspirin 0.5 g for chronic and 1 g for acute treatment. The plasma levels of NTG and various physiological parameters (heart rate, diastolic arterial pressure, end diastolic diameter, and end systolic diameter) were measured during the 30 minutes after the administration of NTG. An increase in NTG Cmax and AUC was observed after both aspirin treatment. The changes in physiological parameters produced by NTG were enhanced by the two treatments, although the differences were not statistically significant. The results indicate complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between NTG and aspirin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 387-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; pharmacokinetics ; renal insufficiency ; biological effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salbutamol was administered intravenously to 5 patients with renal function impairment for estimation its pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean terminal half-life was 256 min, similar to previously reported values in healthy adults. The mean clearance (167 ml/min) and the mean volume of distribution (55 l) were decreased. These parameters were not correlated with the creatinine clearance. A slight but significant decrease was observed in the plasma potassium level up to 125 min after the salbutamol infusion. The heart rate was significantly increased, and the increase in 3 patients was correlated with the salbutamol concentration. The biological effects of the drug were less marked than expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin A ; diabetic children ; pharmacokinetics ; dose adjustment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclosporin A (CsA) pharmacokinetics was studied in 19 diabetic children (mean age: 10.6 y). They were divided into prepubertal (I) and pubertal (II) groups according to plasma oestradiol or testosterone concentrations. The kinetic study was performed after a 72 h wash out period and a single oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg CsA. CsA in blood was measured by HPLC. The kinetic parameters: Cmax, tmax, t1/2, AUC, CL/f, Vz/f and tss were calculated. No significant difference was found between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was found between Vz and both total cholesterol (r=0.46), VLDL+LDL−cholesterol (r=−0.49) and VLDL+LDL−phospholipids (r=−0.58). CsA kinetics at steady-state were simulated by superimposition of single dose kinetics derived from each single dose. Measured steady-state blood concentrations were correlated (r=0.80) with the values predicted by the simulation. The results suggest that CsA adjustment dosage of the CsA may be performed after a single oral dose using blood levels measured by HPLC. This procedure requires validation in further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 689-691 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphemanil methylsulphate ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of oral diphemanil methylsulphate have been evaluated in six healthy male volunteers. Absorption of the drug was slow (tmax=2 to 4 h), the mean half-life was 8.35 h, and the amount of the drug recovered in urine within 48 h ranged from 0.6 to 7.4% of the administered dose. The results suggest low bioavailability, assuming that the drug is poorly metabolized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tiaprofenic acid ; children ; pharmacokinetics ; NSAID
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Twelve healthy children in three age groups anaesthetized for minor surgery were given a single oral dose of tiaprofenic acid (3 mg · kg−1) (TA). Seven blood samples and zero to 8 and 8 to 24 h urines were collected. TA concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by HPLC. No significant difference was found between the age groups in the kinetic parameters of TA and no correlation was found between these parameters and age; tmax=2.12h, Cmax=8.78mg · l−1, AUC(0→8 h) 33.9mg · h · l−1, AUC=39.3 mg · h · l−1, t1/2=2.35 h, Vz=0.319 l · kg−1, CL=0.094 l · h−1 · kg−1. Renal clearance was 14 ml · h−1. kg−1. 33% of the TA dose was recovered in the 24 h urine, 48% of which was conjugated, whereas in adults, TA is only found in urine as conjugates. The apparent plasma clearance was significantly higher (56%) than in 12 healthy adults given 1.5 mg · kg−1 TA. Volume of distribution and t1/2 did not significantly differ between children and adults. Since no relationship has been established between plasma TA and either efficacy or toxicity, a different dose regimen cannot be recommended in 3–11 year-old children from that in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Midazolam ; pharmacokinetics ; intranasal ; intravenous ; children ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve children 1–5 y old were randomly assigned to receive midazolam 0.2 mg·kg−1 either by the intravenous (IV) or intranasal (IN) routes. After IN administration the rapid onset of absorption was observed (tmax 12 min). After both routes of administration the half-life was similar (2.2 h IN and 2.4 h IV). After IN administration the apparent plasma clearance and volume of distribution were about twice as high as after IV administration. The results are consistent with an estimated mean bioavailability of 55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1143 (1993), S. 190-198 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: Heart ; Isolation ; Mitochondrion ; NADH ; Respiratory chain
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To compare the effect of effervescent ranitidine, almagate (magnesium carbonate-aluminium hydroxide) and placebo on gastric pH, in fasting and postprandial conditions.Methods : Twelve healthy volunteers underwent a gastro-oesophageal pH monitoring on three different occasions after the administration of each of the following randomly allocated treatments: almagate, effervescent ranitidine and placebo. Treatment effects were assessed in fasting and postprandial conditions. Onset and duration of alkalinization, percentage of time with pH 〉4 and median gastric pH after treatments were calculated in both periods.Results : Onset of action of effervescent ranitidine was similar to almagate in fasting [median 1.2 min (IQR: 0.6–12.7) vs. 2.9 min (0.4–227.6)] and postprandial conditions [1.4 min (0.5–4.9) vs. 4.1 min (1.3–63.8)] and both were significantly faster than placebo [fasting 211.1 min (2.7–240); postprandial 240 min (175.6–240)]. The duration of action of effervescent ranitidine was statistically significant longer than almagate in fasting [235 min (105.2–239.4) vs. 19.4 min (6.7–38.8)] and postprandial conditions [171.8 min (133.2–239.5) vs. 61.3 min (44.7–91.9)]. Effervescent ranitidine was more effective than almagate in increasing the percentage of time with a pH 〉4 both in fasting (73.9% vs. 7.3%) and postprandial (59.1% vs. 21.3%).Conclusions : Effervescent ranitidine shows an effect on gastric pH as fast as almagate but provides a duration of alkalinization longer than almagate, in both fasting and postprandial conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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