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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 2947-2962 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The vibrational excitation and decay of N2(B 3Πg) state has been investigated in a N2 pulsed rf discharge. The effect of the pulsing frequency and the duty cycle on the N2 (B,v=1–12) vibrational distribution, obtained from the 1PG spectra taken at different times in discharge and afterglow, has been examined in the N2 pressure range 2.4 mTorr–1.5 Torr. The measured (B,v) distributions have been analyzed by a steady-state kinetic model taking into account the main excitation processes, like the electron impact from N2(X 1Σg+,v) and N2(A 3Σu+,v) states, the associative excitation of N2(X,v) with N2(A,v), the pooling by N2(A,v) molecules, the atomic recombination of N(4S), as well as the quenching processes. For the various processes, experimental state-to-state rate coefficients from the literature and/or calculated data sets have been used. Measured N2(A,v) and electron energy distribution functions, and estimated N2(X,v) distributions have been used as input data for the model. The model satisfactorily reproduces almost all the measured distributions. The kinetic analysis evidences that the shape of the (B,v=1–12) distribution depends on the competition between the different processes and in turn on the time variation of both density and the degree of internal excitation of the reaction species with discharge repetition rate, duty cycle, and pressure. In general, in the discharge the electron impact is always the predominant excitation mechanism, while the processes involving long-lived species: N2(A,v) and N2(X,v) are important in the postdischarge regime. Under conditions of high metastable density, the associative collision processes contribute to (B,v) excitation in the discharge, and the electron impact process from the A and X states gives a non-negligible contribution to the low v levels in the millisecond time scale afterglow. An analysis of the B quenching is carried out. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 178 (1993), S. 547-560 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 133 (1977), S. 345-348 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 42 (1994), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 51 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In contrast to the other countries in eastern and central Europe, unemployment has so far increased only modestly in the Czech Republic. Results are reported from a panel survey of a sample of initially unemployed workers in the industrial centre of Ostrava, interviewed in three rounds during 1993. Results are reported regarding the wage in the former job, the reservation wage, the wage in a new job and the minimum acceptable wage in another job for those who have become employed during the panel study. Finally, results from estimating a hazard function for leaving unemployment are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Results from the pioneering research on the interactions between pH and denitrification in soil from the 1950s to the present are reviewed, the changing perceptions of this complex relationship are discussed, and the current status of the subject is assessed. Facets of this relationship that are analysed in detail include the direct or indirect influence of pH on overall denitrification rates in soils, changes in the composition of gaseous products that depend on pH, methods for measuring the process, the concept of an optimum pH for denitrification, and the adaptation of microbial denitrifying communities to acidic environments. The main conclusions to be drawn are as follows. Total gaseous emissions to the atmosphere (N2O, NO and N2) have repeatedly been shown to be less in acidic than in neutral or slightly alkaline soils. This may be attributable to smaller amounts of organic carbon and mineral nitrogen available to the denitrifying population under acid conditions rather than a direct effect of low pH on denitrification enzymes. Numerous laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the ratio N2O:N2 is increased when the pH of soils is reduced. The relation between soil pH and potential denitrification as determined by various incubation methods remains unclear, results being influenced both by original conditions in soil samples and by unknown changes during incubation. The concept of an optimum pH for denitrification has been frequently proposed, but such a term has little or no meaning without reference to specific attributes of the process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Long-term fertilization ; Microbial biomass ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Denitrification potential ; Denitrifying enzyme activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  Using soils from field plots in four different arable crop experiments that have received combinations of manure, lime and inorganic N, P and K for up to 20 years, the effects of these fertilizers on soil chemical properties and estimates of soil microbial community size and activity were studied. The soil pH was increased or unaffected by the addition of organic manure plus inorganic fertilizers applied in conjunction with lime, but decreased in the absence of liming. The soil C and N contents were greater for all fertilized treatments compared to the control, yet in all cases the soil samples from fertilized plots had smaller C:N ratios than soil from the unfertilized plots. The soil concentrations of all the other inorganic nutrients measured were greater following fertilizer applications compared with the unfertilized plots, and this effect was most marked for P and K in soils from plots that had received the largest amounts of these nutrients as fertilizers. Both biomass C determined by chloroform fumigation and glucose-induced respiration tended to increase as a result of manure and inorganic fertilizer applications, although soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime contained less biomass C than those to which lime had been added. Dehydrogenase activity was lower in soils that had received the largest amounts of fertilizers, and was further decreased in the absence of lime. This suggests that dehydrogenase activity was highly sensitive to the inhibitory effects associated with large fertilizer additions. Potential denitrification and anaerobic respiration determined in one soil were increased by fertilizer application but, as with both the microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity, there were significant reductions in both N2O and CO2 production in soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime. In contrast, the size of the denitrifying component of the soil microbial community, as indicated by denitrifying enzyme activity, was unaffected by the absence of lime at the largest rate of inorganic fertilizer applications. The results indicated differences in the composition or function of microbial communities in the soils in response to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization, especially when the soils were not limited.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 370-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogenase activity ; Earthworm casts ; Soil ; Aporrectodea caliginosa ; Lumbricus rubellus ; Acetylene reduction assay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nitrogenase activity associated with earthworms, their faeces and activity in soil was measured by the acetylene reduction technique. A clear increase in nitrogenase activity was found in field-deposited casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa in comparison with surrounding soil, although potential nitrogenase activity was significantly higher in soil than in casts. Nitrogenase activity associated directly with earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus ) was detected, indicating the presence of active N2-fixing bacteria on the body surface and/or in the gut. Laboratory experiments showed that nitrogenase activity in the casts of L. rubellus was higher than in unmodified soil, and that nitrogenase activity in soil was significantly increased by the burrowing and feeding activity of these worms. This paper discusses the possible causes of these earthworm effects on soil nitrogenase activity and some methodological problems of determining the nitrogenase activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A theoretical relationship for mass transfer in the laminar flow region of streaming in a rotating electrolyser was derived by the method of similarity of the diffusion layer for electrodes placed sufficiently far from the rotation axis. The obtained relationship was compared with the known equations valid for systems with axial symmetry. The mean current densities were found from the numerical solution of the convective diffusion equation by the finite-element method and were compared with experimental results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 934-934 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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