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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM FOR THE ISOLATION OF Aspergillus flavus FROM COTTONSEED (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An amended Aspergilhrs Differential (BSAD) agar prepared by a modification of Bothast and Fennell's formula [Mycologia (1974) 66: 365] using botran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline) facilitated the isolation and enumeration of A. flavus from cottonseeds based on the characteristic orange yellow under-colony pigmentation after the cultures were incubated for 5 days at 28°C. Pigment production by A. flavus cultures on BSAD agar was detected by the third day of incubation. An incubation period of 5 days at 28°C is recommended for routine screening of cottonseed samples for contamination by A. flavus. At the concentrations used, botran (10 mg/liter) and streptomycin sulfate (50 mg/liter) did not interfere with the pigment production by A. flavus but decreased the numbers and colony size of other fungi and bacteria. Decrease in pH of the medium from 6.5 to 5.5, 4.5 and 3.5 resulted in decrease of the intensity of pigmentation while the sporulation of A. flavus colonies increased. When ferric citrate was omitted from ADM containing botran or was replaced with manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate or copper sulfate, orange yellow pigmentation was not produced. Kojic acid produced by strains of Aspergillus reacts with ferric citrate in the medium to produce orange-yellow pigmentation. When esculin hydrate (6,7-dihydrocoumarin-6-glucoside) was added to BSAD agar at a 1% level, deep reddish brown pigment was produced by all isolates of A. flavus and A. parasificus tested. Similarities between pigment production and nitrification by the A. flavus group of fungi was observed. Few isolates of A. oryzae produced pigmentation similar to that produced by A, flavus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01520.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of Putrefactive Anaerobic Spores in Meat (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 29 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Study of the incidence of putrefactive anaerobic spores in fresh and cured pork trimmings and in canned pork luncheon meat from several commercial meat packing plants in Iowa indicated that the level of contamination was very low. The mode of putrefactive anaerobic spores in fresh pork trimmings was less than 0.18 per gram and less than 1 per gram in cured pork trimmings and canned pork luncheon meat. The maximum spore count found in any sample tested was 51 spores per gram. Spore counts on samples from different plants were similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1964.tb01699.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF SODIUM ACETATE ON GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of sodium acetate and propionate on growth and aflatoxin oroduction by A. Darasiticus NRRL 2999 was studied in AMY medium imodified AM medium + 2% yeast extract) to determine the possible use of this compound as a means of controlling aflatoxin production. At pH 4.5, concentrations of sodium acetate ≥ 1.0g/100 ml completely inhibited growth and prevented aflatoxin production, while levels of 0.6 and 0.8g/100 ml partially inhibited growth and decreased aflatoxin production by 70% and 99%, respectively. Examination of the effect of initial pH on the inhibitory action of sodium acetate indicated that the extent of inhibition was a function of the initial pH. The effect of propionic acid on growth and aflatoxin production was also examined, and this compound was found to be more inhibitory than acetate. The role of sodium acetate and propionic acid as a means of controlling aflatoxin production appears to be promising.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb01117.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DIRECT IMMUNOENZYME METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLAE IN FOODS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An immunoenzyme conjugate was prepared by labeling the immunoglobulin G fraction of Salmonella polyvalent flagella1 anti-serum with horseradish peroxidase. The immunoenzyme conjugate, when reacted with pure cultures of bacteria and stained with 3–3′diaminobenzidine was found to specifically stain the cell wall and flagellae of salmonellae. Cells of salmonellae were stained brown after the immunoenzyme reaction and could be differentiated from unstained organisms under a light microscope at 1000X magnification. The immunoenzyme technique was applied to the rapid detection of salmonellae in meats and poultry products and the specificity and sensitivity of the method was donipared to that of the fluorescent antibody technique and conventional cultural technique. The immunoenzyme procedure was found to give good correlation with the conventional cultural procedure. Its sensitivity was comparable to that of the fluorescent antibody technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb02613.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STUDY ON AFLATOXIN AND MOLD CONTAMINATIONS IN IMPROVED VARIETY PECANS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb07333.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF VARIOUS GLYCOLYTIC AND TCA INTERMEDIATES ON AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 1 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of pyruvate, succinate, citrate, alpha-keto glutarate, fumarate, malate, lactate, and glycerol supplementation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/100 ml) on aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 were examined in synthetic and semi-synthetic media. Glycerol, lactate, and the 0.5 g/100 ml level of pyruvate stimulated production in the synthetic medium. At the 2.0 g/100 ml level, pyruvate, citrate, alpha-keto glutarate, fumarate, and malate inhibited aflatoxin accumulation in both media. With the exception of glycerol, all supplements stimulated sporulation and elevated the pH of the cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1977.tb00256.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLAE IN FOODS BY MEMBRANE FILTER-DISC IMMUNOIMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A membrane filter-disc immunoimmobilization technique was developed for rapid detection of salmonellae in foods. The method involved concentrating bacteria from the selective enrichment culture of a food sample by membrane filtration. The membrane filter, with the entrapped bacteria, was inverted and placed on the surface of a semi-solid selective medium contained in a 100 × 15 mm plastic Petri plate. A paper disc impregnated with Salmonella polyvalent flagellar antiserum was placed on the surface of the semi-solid agar approximately 2.5 cm from the nearest edge of the membrane filter. The plate was incubated at 37° C under high humidity. Motile salmonellae, if present in the sample, grew and migrated in the semi-solid medium. When the moving front of motile salmonellae came into contact with the diffusing flagellar antiserum, an antigen-antibody reaction occurred resulting in the immobilization of salmonellae. The formation of a line of immobilization indicated the presence of salmonellae in the sample. A semi-solid medium containing dulcitol, proteose peptone, brilliant green, and novobiochin as the major functional components was found to be more efficient than semi-solid modifications of Salmonella-Shigella agar and Hektoen enteric agar for the detection of salmonellae in foods by the membrane filter-disc immunoimmobilization procedure. The new method, when applied to the detection of salmonellae in raw meats and poultry, was found to give good correlation with the conventional cultural method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02516.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF ETHOXYQUIN ON AFLATOXIN–PRODUCING STRAINS OF Aspergillus parasiticus AND A. flavus (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Seven isolates of A. parasiticus and A. flavus were grown for 10 days on a semi-synthetic medium containing 25–150 ppm ethoxquin antioxidant. In isolates producing B and G toxins, aflatoxin B levels increased 5–12 times over that of controls while G toxins decreased 32–97%. The increase in B toxins was not concentration-dependent, but the decrease in G toxins was. In isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus producing only B toxins, aflatoxin levels were depressed or remained unchanged. The effect of 100 ppm ethoxyquin on 15 isolates of A. parasiticus and A. flavus, including some altered in aflatoxin-producing capability by mutation, was examined. Among wild-type isolates of A. parasiticus G1 decreased 90% and G2, was completely inhibited; B1 increased 67–1100% and B2 increased 100–300%. Toxin synthesis was decreased 66–95% among wild-types and mutants of A. flavus and A. parasiticus producing only B toxins. Ethoxquin apparently had little or no effect on mutants which consistently produce very low levels of the aflatoxins. The results indicate that the use of ethoxyquin as a feed additive may aggravate potential mycotoxin hazards in contaminated feedstuffs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02404.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and Serological Relationships of Putrefactive Anaerobic Sporeforming Rods Isolated from Pork (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 29 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under anaerobic culture conditions, 120 cultures of sporeforming rods were isolated from fresh and cured pork trimmings and from pork luncheon meat; 22 of these proved to be obligate anaerobic putrefactive organisms. Studied by the Reed and Orr method of rapid identification, the following species were identified: Clostridium. tetanomorphum, Cl. novyi, Cl. carnis, Cl. paraputrificum, Cl. tetani, Cl. histolyticum, and Cl. sporogenes. One culture was similar to Clostridium sp. National Canners Association putrefactive anaerobe 3679 (PA 3679). Serological relationships were determined by using antisera for Cl. sporogenes and PA 3679. No cross agglutination was obtained between Cl. sporogenes and PA 3679. An organism identified biochemically as Cl. carnis agglutinated in dilutions of 1:5120 of PA 3679 antiserum, indicating a very close serological relationship. Several organisms revealed antigens in common with Cl. sporogenes. The organism with biochemical reactions similar to PA 3679 showed no serological relationship to the known species. Serological relationships correlated with heat resistance while biochemical reactions did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1964.tb01701.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a Fluorescent Brightener for tracing the Passage of Salmonella in Eggs (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 204 (1964), S. 803-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The most suitable material available for this purpose was 'Calcofluor White M2R, New', a water-soluble diamino-stilbene-disulphonic acid brightener, which differed from the compound used by Darken2 in that it contained two diethylamino substituents on the triazine rings. A concentration of 0-05 per ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/204803a0
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